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English 10
Quarter 4 - Module 1
Technical Terms Used in
Research
Grade 10 English Module

Alternative Delivery Mode


Quarter 4 – Module 1 Technical Terms Used in Research EN10V-IVg-30
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand


names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to
use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education


Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module


Writer: Maria Theresa C. De Guzman
Reviewers: Christine B. Yase / Mrs. Josephine Q. Miranda
Illustrator/ Layout Artist:
Management Team:
School Head – Dr. Proceso T. Lera ( Principal IV)
Department Head – Mrs. Josephine Q. Miranda (Head Teacher VI)
Learning Resource Coordinator – Mrs. Jeweldine T. Baraquil

Printed in the Philippines by Schools Division Office – Quezon City

Department of Education – National Capital Region

Office Address: Nueva Ecija St., Bago Bantay Quezon City


Telefax: 3456-0343
Telephone No.: 8352-6806/6809
E-mail Address: sdoqcactioncenter@gmail.com

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HOW TO USE THE SLeM
Before you start answering the SLeM, l want you to set aside other tasks that will
disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!
l. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this
SLeM.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the lessons.
Writing enhances learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the SLeM.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

Parts of the SLeM


1. Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the SLeM.
2. Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered all throughout the lesson.
3. Looking Back - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.
4. Brief introduction- This section will give you on overview of the lesson.
5. Activities. These are activities designed to develop critical thinking and other
competencies. This can be done with or without a partner depending on the
nature of the activity.
6. Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
7. Checking your understanding - lt will verify how you learned from the lesson.
8. Post Test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire SLeM.

Expectations
Welcome to English 10 Quarter 4 – Module 1 on MELC: Technical Terms
Used in Research EN10V-IVg-30. In this module, you will learn the different
technical terms used in research, how and when to use these terms in research.
After going through this module, you are expected to:

• identify the technical terms used in research.


• observe the language of research, campaign, and advocacies
• develop a questionnaire.

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Pretest
Choose the answer that best fit the given description.
1. It is a brief overview of a study.
a. Abstract c. Research Questions
b. Data d. Statistical Tool

2. This refers to the information that can be numbers or words that is used in
research writing.
a. Abstract c. Research Questions
b . Statistical Tool d. Data

3. It refers to the game plan or method for finding out what you want to know.
a. Research Questions c. Data
b. Abstract d. Statistical Tool

4. This refers to the target and limit of the research study.


a. Abstract c. Validity
b. Scope and Limitation d. Statistical Tool

5. This is a careful investigation or study of a subject.


a. Manuscript c. Research
b. Experiment d. Assignment

6. This refers to the judgment or decision made by the researcher based on the
findings of the study.
a. Recommendation c. Conclusion
b. Findings d. Hypothesis

7. The person conducting a research is called a _______.


a. Finder c. Seeker
b. Researcher d. Interviewer

8. It is an organized listing of the chapters and major sections of a document or


research.
a. Introduction c. Table of Contents
b. Abstract d. Data

9. A research instrument consisting of a series of questions for the purpose of


gathering information from respondents.
a. Data c. Survey
b. Information d. Study

10. It is the people who answer the questionnaire of the who person who makes
the research.
a. Answerers c. Informants
b. Data analysts d. Respondents

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LESSON 1: Parts of a Research Paper

Looking Back
Task 1: In Quarter 3 Module 4, you have learned about the different approaches
to literary criticism. Put a ( √ ) beside the number if the statement is correct and
a ( X ) if the statement is wrong.
_____ 1. Formalist criticism is placed at the center because it deals primarily with
the text and not with any of the outside considerations such as author,
the real world, audience, or other literature.
______2. Reader-response criticism is concerned with how the work is viewed by
the audience.
______3. Moral-Philosophical, in this approach, the reader creates meaning, not
the author or the work.
______4. Historical criticism, the work is informed by the author’s beliefs,
prejudices, time, and history, and to fully understand the work, we must
understand the author and his age.
_______5. Marxist criticism concerns, this approach takes the position that the
larger function of literature is to teach morality and probe philosophical
issues, such as ethics, religion, or the nature of humanity.
_______6. Feminist criticism it criticizes the notion of woman as a construct through
literature.

Brief Introduction
This lesson will guide you in distinguishing different technical terms used in
research.

What is Research?
Research is defined as careful consideration of study regarding a particular
concern or problem using scientific methods. According to the American
sociologist Earl Robert Babbie, “research is a systematic inquiry to describe,
explain, predict, and control the observed phenomenon. It involves inductive and
deductive methods.”

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Types of Research Methods
methods

Qualitative research is a method Quantitative research is a method


that collects data using conversational that deals with numbers and
methods, usually open-ended measurable forms. It uses a systematic
questions. The responses collected are way of investigating events or data. It
essentially non-numerical. This method answers questions to justify
helps a researcher understand what relationships with measurable variables
participants think and why they think in to either explain, predict, or control a
a particular way. phenomenon.

To examine a phenomenon as it PURPOSE To study relationships, cause and


is, in rich detail effect

Flexible, evolves during study DESIGN Developed prior to study

Inductive; may generate theory APPROACH


Deductive; tests theory

TOOLS
The researcher is primary data Uses preselected instruments
collection tool

Uses large samples


Uses small samples SAMPLE

ANALYSIS
Narrative description and
interpretation Statistical analysis of numeric
data.

SAMPLE TOPICS

1. The Impact of Alcohol on 1. The Advantages and


a Person’s Normal Behavior Disadvantages of
Outsourcing Services
2. Prevention measures
against contracting Corona 2. The Pros and Cons of
Virus in Crowded Places Social Education

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RESEARCH PAPER STRUCTURE
SECTIONS What to do?
TITLE Contains the fewest possible words
needed to adequately describe the
content and/or purpose of your
research paper.

ABSTRACT Write 150 words on the purpose of the


study, research questions and
suggestions, and main findings with
conclusions

INTRODUCTION Provide the main information on the


problem statement, the indication of the
methodology, important findings and
principal conclusions.

Formulate the thesis statement.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Analyze and incorporate scholarly sources


on the past studies

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Explain the design of the research with


techniques that are used for gathering
information and other aspects related to
the experiment.
Experiments -People who take part in
research experiments might be asked to
complete various tests to measure their
cognitive abilities (e.g. word recall, attention,
concentration, reasoning ability etc.) usually
verbally, on paper or by computer.

Surveys - involve collecting information,


usually from fairly large groups of people, by
means of questionnaires but other techniques
such as interviews or telephoning may also be
used.

Questionnaires - obtain information from a


large number of people and/or people who
may not have the time to attend an interview
or take part in experiments.

Interviews - usually carried out in person i.e.


face-to-face but can also be administered by
telephone or using more advance computer
technology such as Skype.

Case studies - involve the detailed study of a


particular case (a person or small group)

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DATA ANALYSIS & DISCUSSIONS Review the information in the introduction
part, evaluate their gained results, or
compare it with past studies.

RESULTS Present and illustrate the obtained


findings

LIMITATIONS Consider the weaknesses of the research


and results to get new directions

CONCLUSION Provide final thoughts and summary of the


whole work

RECOMMENDATIONS Propose potential solutions or new ideas


based on the obtained results.

APPENDIX Contains the extra information, it may not


be useful to the entire audience or the
time and space may not allow you to
include in the main body. It supports the
important points in your paper

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Enable the researcher to thank all those


who have helped in carrying out the
research.

BIBLIOGRAPHY / REFERENCES Write the list of the sources used to get


information for the research

Activities
Activity 1: Identify whether the following are examples of QUALITATIVE OR
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH. Draw a diamond ( ♦ ), if it falls under qualitative
research and draw a heart ( ♥ ) if it is quantitative research.

____ 1. Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the small and medium business in the
hospitality industry.
_____ 2. How has freelancing become a new field of interest among the youth in 2020?
_____ 3. An Analysis of Errors Made by Senior High School Students in Writing Academic
Texts.
_____ 4. Coping mechanism took up by individuals with mental health issues during the
lockdown and its effects.
_____ 5. Reading Difficulties of Primary Students.

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Activity 2: TRUE OR FALSE
Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if not.
1. A reference page where you should collect the academic sources
along with all the publications you consulted, while fleshing out your
research project.
2. When you write a research paper for high school only, you will have
to make sure to add relevant citation to back up your major claims.
3. Producing a research paper can be a very daunting task unless you
have a solid plan of action.
4. An abstract is an important part of a research paper. It contains the objective,
the summary, and the goal of a research paper
5. The methodology should include the comments of an author not to influence
the objectivity of the presentation,
6. Recommendation means the gained information or data after the research or
experiment.
7. Literature Review is needed for the analysis of past studies or scholarly
articles to be familiar with research questions or topics.
8. Limitations mean a consideration of research weaknesses and results to get
new directions.
9. Acknowledgements may take different forms from paragraphs to charts
10. A research paper is an essay in which you explain what you have learned
after exploring your topic in depth.

Remember
5 Things To Remember When You’re Writing A Research Paper

1. Never choose a topic that is out of personal interest.


2. Never use needless words
3. Keep thoughts intact.
4. Don't let failure distract you
5. Always consult the opinion of other people.

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Checking your Understanding

Directions: Below are examples of each section of the research paper. Identify
which example falls under each section by completing the table.

A. An increasing proportion of women in the UK are obese or overweight at the start of their
pregnancy [1, 2]. This may result in adverse consequences for the immediate and longer-term
health of the mother and child [3, 4]. In light of this, pregnancy is emerging as a priority area for
interventions which aim to address the obesity epidemic. Pregnancy is a unique and critical period
in the life course for women and, consequently, they may be more receptive to behaviour change
interventions

B. The study was framed by a theoretical approach which combined both Subtle Realism [18] and
the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). This combined approach enabled an examination of the
hypothetical pathway between beliefs and physical activity intentions within the context of a
woman's day to day life. The Subtle Realism approach [18] stipulates that the social world does
exist independently of individual subjective understandings, but is only accessible to us via
research participants' interpretations [19].

C. The sampling frame consisted of 65 women participating in a feasibility study of physical


activity measurement methods. Inclusion criteria for the previous study were: (i) any woman
booking with a normal, singleton pregnancy,

D. Data analysis was undertaken using a Framework Approach to manage, describe and explore
the original data in relation to the underlying TPB [19]. The interview transcripts were indexed and
mapped on the basis of recurring themes. The synthesised data were examined to identify
explanatory accounts, and preliminary typologies were developed [19].

E. The findings are presented according to the analytical typologies: (i) behavioural beliefs and
attitudes, (ii) control beliefs and (iii) normative beliefs. Verbatim quotes from the study participants
are labelled in terms of their age, whether they were overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m2) or obese (BMI
over 30 kg/m2) and whether they were nulliparous (NP) or multiparous (MP).

F. The study also highlights the significance of perceived barriers to participation in physical
activity. A focus on benefits for the baby, and on facilitating return to pre-pregnancy weight and
appearance, are specific messages that may motivate women to be more active during pregnancy.
Also provision of personalised support by the midwife is lacking. Interventions which harness the
media, or involve partners, are potential approaches to consider for a proposed intervention in
pregnancy. Extending interventions to the postnatal period may also prove fruitful [31].

G. Heslehurst N, Ells LJ, Simpson H, Batterham A, Wilkinson J, Summerbell CD: Trends in


maternal obesity incidence rates, demographic predictors, and health inequalities in 36,821 women
over a 15 year period. BJOG. 2007, 114: 187-94. 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.01180.x.

H. We would like to extend sincere thanks to all those women who gave up their time to take part
in this research and to Jean Birtles for transcribing the interviews.

I. It is important to acknowledge its limitations. The sample size was small and derived from
women who had already participated in a study of physical activity in pregnancy and thus may
have already been motivated to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The participants were also relatively
well educated with a high level of employment. The findings may therefore not be generalisable to

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other settings or to women from black and minority ethnic groups (since there was only one non-
white participant

J. Behaviour change is more likely to occur during a life changing event such as pregnancy
(Phelan 2010) and the desire to want weight management information in pregnancy also exists
(Smith & Lavender 2011).

K. A consideration for future research could be into the use of the newly launched baby buddy
app which has been developed by the Best beginnings project and is being recommended for
dissemination to pregnant women by NHS Trusts nationwide. This app has been approved for use
by the Department of Health (DoH), the Royal College of Midwives (RCM) and the RCOG. This app
provides a guide for pregnancy, birth and parenting and had been designed to work alongside the

L.

M. Physical Activity in Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study of the beliefs of overweight and obese
pregnant women

WORKSHEET #1
SECTIONS EXAMPLES
TITLE
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESULTS
DATA ANALYSIS & DISCUSSIONS
LIMITATIONS
CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATIONS
APPENDIX
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
BIBLIOGRAPHY / REFERENCES

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LESSON 2: How to Develop a Questionnaire for Research

Pretest
Choose the answer that best fit the given description.

1. A person who voluntarily participates in human subject research after


giving informed consent to be the subject of the research.
a. man c. participants
b. survey d. researcher
2. It is a research method used for collecting data from a predefined group of
respondents to gain information and insights into various topics of interest.
a. methodology c. survey
b. introduction d. case study
3. These are persons who have been invited to answer questions in a particular
study and have actually taken part in the study.
a. respondents c. partaker
b. contestants d. interviewer
4. This kind of questions prompt people to answer with sentences, lists, and
stories, giving deeper and new insights.
a) Close-ended question c. methodology
b) survey d. Open-ended questions
5. This kind of question narrows in focus and usually answered with a single word
or a pick from limited multiple-choice options.
a. Open-ended question c. questionnaire
b. Close-ended question d. survey

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Looking Back

STEPS What to write


Figure out what information you are What is your main objective in doing the
trying to gather from this survey. questionnaire? What information do you
need from the responses in order to meet
your objectives? Think of questions that
will address your objectives. You should
not include any question that is not
directly useful to your research.

Write an introduction for your This should explain a little about your
questionnaire. questionnaire.: why are you doing it and
what is your goal. The introduction, while
brief, should engage your target audience.
Think about how much time they have,
and administer the questionnaire based on
that estimate,

Use closed questions for questionnaires A closed question is one that can be
answered with a rod or a phrase. This
makes it easy for the respondent to give
their answer without having to think of an
articulate way to word it. Closed questions
also make classification of responses
easier.

Order your questions in a way that is Start questions that are easy to
meaningful and easy to follow understand and easy to answer. Opening
with harder questions is discouraging and
may scare your respondents before they
complete your entire survey. Easy
questions help encourage your
participants to finish answering. The
questions should flow in an order that
sounds natural and does not skip around
too much.

Put the more important questions at Place more important questions in the first
the beginning part of the questionnaires, because often,
participants can lose interest on the latter
part of the questionnaires especially if the
survey is rather lengthy.

Add a little variety to you questions Open-ended questions require respondents


to write out their answers and to include
some details.

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ACTIVITY 1: Write YES if the statement is correct and NO if not.
_______ 1. Questionnaires are used to check on people’s lives.
_______ 2. Close-ended questions need an elaborate explanation of the answer.
_______ 3. “Did you experience good customer service?” is an example of an open-
ended question.
_______ 4. Participants are a diverse group of individuals who enter into the
research setting for a variety of reasons and who play important roles in
the research process.
_______ 5. Methodology is a research method used for collecting data from a
predefined group of respondents to gain information and insights into
various topics of interest.

ACTIVITY 2: Below are sample questions for a questionnaire. You need to arrange
these questions according to their level of importance, from the most important to
the least important question. Rewrite them on the given table.
Parent Involvement Survey

• I feel my contribution to my child’s education is valuable.


• My child’s teacher expects me to help with homework.
• My work schedule interferes with my ability to help my child with schoolwork.
• I know how to help my child with his schoolwork.
• My calls to school staff are answered promptly.

Strongly Agree Neither Disagree Strongly


agree agree disagree
nor
disagree

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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Remember

There are nine steps involved in the development of a questionnaire:

1. Decide the information required.


2. Define the target respondents.
3. Choose the method(s) of reaching your target respondents.
4. Decide on question content.
5. Develop the question wording.
6. Put questions into a meaningful order and format.
7. Check the length of the questionnaire.
8. Pre-test the questionnaire.
9. Develop the final survey form.

Checking your Understanding

Use the template below as a model for your questionnaire. Use the given rubrics as
your guide in completing this activity.
Local Treasure Questionnaire
This questionnaire is used to help the researchers collect information in
order to complete the study (title of your topic). Please answer all the questions
by providing the appropriate information. The data will be treated with utmost
confidentiality.

General Information
Name:
Year and Section:
Address:
(Other pertinent information)
Questions: (Write as many questions as needed in your questionnaire.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Thank you for your time in answering this questionnaire.

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Post Test:
.
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct term as described in the statements below.
Choose the letter of the best answer.

A. RECOMMENDATION B. INTRODUCTION C. RESULTS

D. APPENDIX E. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT F. SURVEY

G. CLOSE-ENDED QUESTIONS H. RESPONDENTS

I. OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS J. QUESTIONNAIRES K. PARTICIPANTS

__________1. It serves the purpose of leading the reader from a general subject
area to a particular field of research.
_________2. It is defined as "the collection of information from a sample of
individuals through their responses to questions.”
_________3. It refers to the section at the beginning of your thesis formatting
where you show your appreciation for the people who contributed to your project.
_________4. are based on the results of your research and indicate the specific
measures or directions that can be taken.
_________5. It contains supplementary material that is not an essential part of the
text itself but which may be helpful in providing a more comprehensive
understanding of the research problem.
_________ 6. It is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions for
the purpose of gathering information from respondents.
_________7. They are the ones who answer a question, letter, email message,
survey, or anything else that requires a response.
_________8. These are questions that do not provide participants with a
predetermined set of answer choices, instead allowing the participants to provide
responses in their own words.
_________9. The section should simply state the findings, without bias or
interpretation, and arranged in a logical sequence.
________10. These are questions that could be answered with a one-word
answer or a simple "yes" or "no."

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ANSWER KEY

LESSON 1

Pre-test Looking Activities Check your understanding


Back

1. A 1. √ Activity 1 A. INTRODUCTION
2. D 2. √ B. ABSTRACT
3. D 3. x 1. ♦ C. METHODOLOGY
4. √
4. B D. DATA ANALYSIS
5. C
5. x 2. ♦ E. RESULTS
6. √
6. C F. CONCLUSION
7. B 3. ♥ G. BIBLIOGRAPHY
8. C H. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
9. C 4. ♦ I. LIMITATIONS
10. D J. RRL
5. ♥ K. RECOMMENDATION
L. APPENDIX
Activity 2 M. TITLE

1. TRUE 6. FALSE
2. FALSE 7. TRUE
3. TRUE 8. TRUE
4. TRUE 9. FALSE
5. FALSE 10. TRUE

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ANSWER KEY

LESSON 2

Pre-test Activities Check your Post-test


understanding

1. C Activity 1 Answers vary 1. B


2. C 2. F
3. A 1. NO 3. E
4. D 2. NO 4. A
5. B 3. NO 5. D
4. YES 6. J
5. NO
7. H
8. I
Activity 2
9. C
10. G
1. I feel my contribution
to my child’s education
is valuable.

2. I know how to help my


child with his
schoolwork

3. My child’s teacher
expects me to help with
homework.

4. My calls to school
staff are answered
promptly.

5. My work schedule
interferes with my ability
to help my child with
schoolwork.

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REFERENCES
https://wr1ter.com/research-paper
https://www.bachelorprint.eu/research-paper/research-paper-outline/parts-of-a-
research-paper/
https://explorable.com/example-of-a-research-paper
https://www.alzheimer-europe.org/Research/Understanding-dementia-research/Types-
of-research/Research-methods

https://studylib.net/doc/5826514/parent-survey
https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2393-10-18

https://www.totalassignmenthelp.com/blog/qualitative-research-topics/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvYhCLbgJQ8
C

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office – Quezon City


Email Address: sdoqcactioncenter@gmail.com
Telephone No.
8352-6806/6809;
Telefax -3456 -0343

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