Basic Calculus

Module 11 Solving Problems Involving Antidifferentiation (Exponential Growth and

Decay)

First Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Writer: EMILY O. CAMAT, MT 2

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

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Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, PHD, CID Chief

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Erlinda M. Dela Peña, EDD, EPS in Charge of Mathematics

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II
 Target

This module will help you understand about the application of

antidifferentiation. The use of integration laws in Basic Calculus is useful especially
to the STEM learners.

This learning material will also provide you with information and activities
that will help you understand about how to solve problems on antidifferentiation
specifically on exponential growth and decay.

After going through this learning material, you are expected to:
1. Solve situational problems involving exponential growth and decay.
STEM_BC11I-IVe-f-1

Before going on, check how much you know about this topic. Answer the
Pre-Test below in a separate sheet of paper.

Pre-Test:
Directions: Read carefully each item. Use separate sheet for your answers. Write
only the letter of the correct answer for each test item.

2.6
1. Find the value of k in = ln .
3.2
A. 0.298597 B. 0.398597 C. 0.498597 D. 0.598597

2
2. Find the value of k in = ln .
5
A. 0.138629 B. 0.148629 C. 0.158629 D. 0.168629

3. Find the value of t in 𝑒 0.216212𝑡 = 60.

A. 17.94 B. 18.94 C. 19.94 D. 20.94

4. Find the value of t in 𝑒 0.201180𝑡 = 65.

A.19.75 B. 20.75 C. 21.75 D. 22.75

5. Find the value of t in 𝑒 0.109861𝑡 = 70.

A. 36.67 B. 37.67 C. 38.67 D. 39.67

6. What is the correct representation of the statement: “ If y represents the amount

of the quantity at a given time and t represents the time”, where k is constant?
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑦 𝑘𝑦
A. = 𝑘𝑦 B. = 𝑘𝑦 C. = 𝑑𝑡 D. = 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑦 𝑘𝑦 𝑑𝑡
7. W hich of the following is the general solution for the law of natural decay?
A. |y| = ekt B. |y| = ekt+C C. |y| = ek+C D. |y| = lnkt+C

8. What is the other way of writing the equation in number 7?

A. |y| = eC ▪ ekt B. |y| = e ▪ ekt C. |y| = eC ▪ e D. |y| = C ▪ ekt

9. This refers to the initial amount of the growing quantity in the equation where
the amount of t is 0.
A. y(0) B. y(1) C. y(2) D. y(3)

10. To depict rates of change, it follows that k may be positive or negative. What
denotes the meaning of b > d?
A. it denotes decay C. it denotes growth
B. it denotes decrease D. it denotes uniformity

11 – 15: Assume that a radioactive isotope has a half-life of 1,500 years. If you start
with an initial mass of 100 g of isotope, how much isotope will be left after 20 years?

11. What is the mathematical model of the problem?

A. 𝑦 = 𝑦(0)𝑒 𝑘𝑡 B. 𝑦 = 𝑦(0) e C. 𝑦 = 𝑦(0)𝑒 𝑡 D. 𝑦 = 𝑦𝑒 𝑘𝑡

12. Substitute the given in the mathematical model in number 11.

A. 𝑦 = 100𝑒 𝑘𝑡 B. 𝑦 = 𝑦(0)𝑙𝑛𝑘𝑡 C. 𝑦 = 1500𝑒 𝑘𝑡 D. 𝑦 = 𝑦(0)𝑒 20𝑡

13. What is the correct equation to solve for k?

0.5 0.5 𝑙𝑛0.5 𝑙𝑛0.5
A. 𝑘 = B. 𝑘 = C. 𝑘 = D. 𝑘 =
1,500 𝑙𝑛 1,500 1,500 𝑙𝑛1,500

14. Find k in the problem.

A. -0.462 B. -0.0462 C. -0.00462 D. -0.000462

15. Solve for y in the problem.

A. 99.08 B. 98.08 C. 97.08 D. 96.08
 Jumpstart

Exponential and logarithmic functions are used to model population growth,

cell growth, and financial growth, as well as depreciation, radioactive decay and
resource consumption, too. Exponential function is perhaps the most efficient
function in terms of the operations of calculus. The exponential function, y = ex, is
its own derivative and its own integral rule.

Activity 1: Throwback!
Directions: Match column A with column B. Write the letter only.
A B
1
1. ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
−𝑥 A. 𝑒𝑥 4
2

2. ∫ 𝑒 7𝑥+2 𝑑𝑥 B. ex + C
3 1 3
3. ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 C. 𝑒 −2𝑥 + 𝐶
6

𝑒 7𝑥−3
4. ∫ 𝑒 7𝑥−3 𝑑𝑥 D. +c
7

4 𝑒 7𝑥+2
5. ∫ 2𝑥 3 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 E. + C
7

Activity 2: Calculator Practice!

A. Directions: Find the value of k.

ln(3)
1. 𝑘 =
7
ln(5)
2. =
8
ln(5.2)
3. =
6
ln(6.7)
4. =
7
ln(5.5)
5. =
3.7

B. Directions: Find the value of t.

1. 𝑒 0.277259𝑡 = 40

2. 𝑒 0.219722𝑡 = 50

3. 𝑒 0.138629𝑡 = 60

4. 𝑒 0.178826𝑡 = 50

5. 𝑒 0.198042𝑡 = 30

Discover
APPLICATION OF ANTIDIFFERENTIATION (EXPONENTIAL GROWTH
AND DECAY)

Calculating rate, marginal cost and revenue, motion, exponential growth and
decay are applications of antidifferentiation. There are many formulas and
techniques for antidifferentiation. You only need to be aware of the basic rules.

Sometimes things can grow (or the opposite: decay) exponentially, at least for
a while.

If the rate of growth is proportional to the population, y'(t) = ky(t), where k is a

constant. Now, this is of the form dy/dx = ky, so this differential equation can
be solved to find that y(t) = Ce kx. Use the initial condition to find the value of C.

So we have a generally useful formula:

y = C ▪ ekt
or
y = y(0) ekt

where:
C = y(0) = value at the start
k = rate of growth (when > 0) or decay (when <0)
t = time

Example 1:

In a liquid culture, the amount of bacteria doubles every 5 minutes. If the

amount of bacteria present initially is 2,000, how long will it take before there will
be 100,000. The amount of bacteria increases exponentially.

Solution:
a. y = y(0)ekt
= 2, 000 ekt
when t = 5, y(0) = 2,000 x 2 = 4,000

b. 4, 000 = 2, 000 ek(5)

4,000
= 𝑒 5𝑘
2,000
𝑒 5𝑘=2
5k = ln 2
𝑙𝑛 2
k=
5
k = 0.13863

c. 𝑦 = 2,000𝑒 0.13863𝑡
Replace y by 100, 000
100, 000 = 2, 000 e0.13863t
100,000
= 𝑒 0.13863𝑡
2,000
𝑒 0.13863𝑡 = 50
 0.13863t = ln 50
ln 50
𝑡=
0.13863
t = 28 minutes

Bounded Growth

In bounded growth, the quantity increases at a rate proportional to the

difference between the upper bound or the carrying capacity of the population and
the size of the population at the start of the time period.
dy
= k (L – y)
dt
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑘 (𝐿 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑘𝑑𝑡
(𝐿−𝑦)
1
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑘𝑑𝑡
(𝐿−𝑦)
1
∫ (𝐿−𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑘𝑑𝑡
-ln (L – y) = kt + C
ln |L – y | = -kt – C
|L – y| = e-C ▪ e-kt
Let 𝑒 = 𝐵
−𝐶

If L > y, then L – y > 0 and the absolute value bars in |L - y| can be omitted.
𝐿 − 𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑐 𝑒 −𝑘𝑡
𝐿 − 𝑦 = 𝐵𝑒 −𝑘𝑡
𝑦 = 𝐿 − 𝐵𝑒 −𝑘𝑡
or 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐿 − 𝐵𝑒 −𝑘𝑡 where L → carrying capacity

Logistic Growth

The logistic equation is also called Verhulst model in honor of Pierre

Francois Verhulst, a Belgian Mathematician who discovered the equation.
𝑑𝑃 𝑃
= 𝑘𝑃 ( 1 − )
𝑑𝑡 𝐿
It can be written as
𝐿
𝑃(𝑡) = 𝐿−𝑃 −𝑘𝑡
1+( )𝑒
𝑃
where:
L = carrying capacity or the maximum population that the environment can
support
P = the initial population
K = the intrinsic growth rate

Example 2:

Suppose a population of a certain type of animal increases according to the

logistic equation. Find the population after 2 years if the initial population is 2,
000, the carrying capacity is 10, 000, and the population after one year is 5, 000.

Solution:
𝑑𝑃 𝑃 𝐿
= 𝑘𝑃 ( 1 − ) → 𝑃(𝑡) = 𝐿−𝑃
𝑑𝑡 𝐿 1+( 𝑃 )𝑒 −𝑘𝑡
Substitute the given data in the equation.
 10,000
𝑃(𝑡) =
10,000 − 2,000 −𝑘𝑡
1+( )𝑒
2,000
10,000
= 8,000
1+(2,000 ) 𝑒 −𝑘𝑡
10,000
𝑃(𝑡) =
1 + 4𝑒 −𝑘𝑡
After 1 year, the population is 5, 000.
10,000
5, 000 = −𝑘(1)
1+4𝑒
(1 + 4𝑒 −𝑘 )5,000 = 10, 000
1 + 4𝑒 −𝑘 = 2
4𝑒 −𝑘 = 1
1
𝑒 −𝑘 =
4
1
ln(𝑒 −𝑘 ) = ln ( )
4
1
−𝑘 = ln ( )
4
1
𝑘 = −ln ( )
4
𝑘 = −ln(4−1 )
𝑘 = ln(4−1 )−1
𝑘 = ln 4
10,000
𝑃(𝑡) =
1+4𝑒 −𝑘𝑡
Substitute:
10,000
𝑃(𝑡) =
1+4𝑒 −ln (4)(2)
= 8, 000

Explore
Activity 1: A

Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to master and
strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from this lesson.

Activity 1: Let Us Solve!

Directions: Solve the following problems applying the concepts learned in Discover.
Show your solution.

1. The rate of change of x is proportional to x. When t = 0, x0 = 3 and when t = 2,

x = 6. What is the value of x when t = 4?

2. A certain plutonium isotope decays at a rate proportional to the amount present.

Approximately 15% of the original amount decomposes in 100 years. How much
amount of the substance has decayed after 600 years? Also, find the half – life
t1/2 of this radioactive substance; that is, find the time required for this
substance to decay to one – half of its original amount.
 Deepen

Solve Pa More!

Directions: Solve the logistic problem.

The population of a certain bacteria follows the logistic growth pattern. Initially,
there are 10 g of bacteria present in the culture. Two hours later, the culture
weighs 25 g. The maximum weight of the culture is 100g.

a. Write the corresponding logistic model for the bacterial growth.

b. What is the weight of the culture after 5 hours?

c. When will the culture’s weight be 75g?

Gauge

Post – Test:

Directions: Read carefully each item. Use separate sheet for your answers. Write
only the letter of the correct answer for each test item.
3.7
1. Find the value of k in = ln .
1.2
A. 1.090277 B. 2.090277 C. 3.090277 D. 1.090277

7
2. Find the value of k in = ln .
5
A. 0.389182 B. 0.489182 C. 0.589182 D. 0.689182

3. Find the value of t in 𝑒 0.316212𝑡 = 70.

A. 5.40 B. 13.44 C. 19.84 D. 21.44

4. Find the value of t in 𝑒 0.301180𝑡 = 75.

A.19.75 B. 20.75 C. 21.75 D. 22.75

5. Find the value of t in 𝑒 0.109861𝑡 = 70.

A. 1.56 B. 5.45 C. 14.31 D. 18.67

6. What is the correct representation of the statement: “ If y represents the amount

 of the quantity at a given time and t represents the time”, where k is constant?
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑦 𝑘𝑦
A. = 𝑘𝑦 B. = 𝑘𝑦 C. = 𝑑𝑡 D. = 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑦 𝑘𝑦 𝑑𝑡
7. Which of the following is the general solution for the law of natural decay?
A. |y| = ekt B. |y| = ekt+C C. |y| = ek+C D. |y| = lnkt+C

8. What is the other way of writing the equation in number 7?

A. |y| = eC ▪ ekt B. |y| = e ▪ ekt C. |y| = eC ▪ e D. |y| = C ▪ ekt

9. This refers to the initial amount of the growing quantity in the equation where
the amount of t is 0.
A. y(0) B. y(1) C. y(2) D. y(3)

10 - 13: Suppose the rate of bacteria in a Petri dish is given by 𝑞(𝑡) = 3𝑡 , where t is
given in hours and q(t) is given in thousands of bacteria per hour. If a culture starts
with 10,000 bacteria, find a function Q(t) that gives the number of bacteria in the
Petri dish at any time t. How many bacteria are in the dish after 2 hours?

10. What is the general equation of the problem?

3𝑡
A. 𝑄 (𝑡) = ∫ 3𝑡 = +𝐶
ln 𝑡
ln 3
B. 𝑄 (𝑡) = ∫ 3𝑡 = +𝐶
3𝑡
3𝑡
C. 𝑄 (𝑡) = ∫ 3𝑡 = +𝐶
ln 3
𝑙𝑛3𝑡
D. 𝑄 (𝑡) = ∫ 3𝑡 = +𝐶
ln 3

11. What is the value of C when t = 0 in the problem?

3𝑡
A. 𝑄(𝑡) = + 9.090
ln 3
3𝑡
B. 𝑄(𝑡) = + 9.091
ln 3
ln 3
C. 𝑄(𝑡) = + 9.090
3𝑡
ln 3
D. 𝑄(𝑡) = + 9.091
3𝑡

12. How many bacteria are there in the dish after 2 hours?
A. 17.282 B. 17.292 C. 18.282 D. 18.292

13. Suppose the bacteria grow at a rate of 𝑞(𝑡) = 2𝑡 . Assume the culture still starts
with 10, 000 bacteria. Find Q(t). How many bacteria are in the dish after 3 hours?
A. 22,099 B. 21,099 C. 20,099 D. 23,099
14. Suppose a population of fruit flies increases at a rate of (𝑡) = 2𝑒 0.02𝑡 , in flies per
day. If the initial population of fruit flies is 100 flies, how many flies are in the
population after 10 days?
A. 119 B. 120 C. 121 D. 122

15. Suppose the rate of growth of the fly population is given by 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑒 0.01𝑡 , and the
initial fly population is 100 flies. How many flies are in the population after 15 days?
A. 116 B. 126 C. 136 D. 146

Great job! You are done with

this module.