Gas Sensor Afe Ti (Lmp91000)

Ajinder Singh
TI Designs
Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design
TI Designs Design Features

TI Designs are analog solutions created by TI’s analog • Monitors a wide range of gases
experts. Reference Designs offer the theory, part – Carbon monoxide, oxygen, ammonia, fluorine,
selection, simulation, complete PCB schematic & hydrogen sulfide, and others
layout, bill of materials, and measured performance of
useful circuits. Circuit modifications that help to meet – Supports 2- and 3-lead electrochemical gas
alternate design goals are also discussed. sensors
• Coin cell battery operation
Design Resources
• Bluetooth Low Energy radio and a 8051
microcontroller core within CC2541 provides
GasSensorEVM Tool Folder Containing Design Files
interactivity with a smartphone or tablet
CC2541 Product Folder
• Firmware and application software provided as
LM4120 Product Folder
open source to enable quick time to market for
LMP91000 Product Folder customers
TPS61220 Product Folder
• Complies with FCC and IC regulatory standards
Featured Applications
• Mining
• Healthcare facilities
• Industrial processes and controls
• Building Technology and Comfort
• Household CO sensing
ASK Our Analog Experts

WEBENCH® Calculator Tools
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this TI reference design addresses authorized use, intellectual property matters and other
important disclaimers and information.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
SNOA922 – August 2013 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design 1

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Copyright © 2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Introduction www.ti.com
1 Introduction
The intent of this reference guide is to describe in detail the Gas Sensor Platform with Bluetooth® Low-Energy
Reference Design from Texas Instruments. After reading this reference design, a user should better understand
the features and usage of this reference design platform.
The Gas Sensor Platform with Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) is intended as a reference design that
customers can use to develop end-products for consumer and industrial applications to monitor gases like
carbon monoxide (CO), oxygen (O2), ammonia, fluorine, chlorine dioxide and others. BLE adds a wireless
feature to the platform that enables seamless connectivity to an iPhone® or an iPad®. Customers can
easily replace the targeted gas sensor based on their application, while keeping the same analog front-
end (AFE) and BLE design. The system runs on a CR2032 coin-cell battery. AFE from TI — LMP91000 —
interfaces directly with the electrochemical cell. The LMP91000 interfaces with CC2541, which is a BLE
system on a chip from TI.
An iOS application running on an iPhone 4S® and newer generations or an iPad 3® and newer generations
lets customers interface with this reference platform. Customers can use and customize the iOS
application, the hardware files and firmware source code of CC2541, which TI provides as an open
source. The Gas Sensor Platform with BLE provides customers with a low-power, configurable AFE and
the option to integrate wireless features in gas-sensing applications. This platform helps customers access
the market faster and helps differentiate from performance, power, and feature sets.
The platform complies with the following standards:
• EN 300 328
• FCC 15.247
• IC RSS-210
• EN 301 489-17
FCC and IC Regulatory Compliance standards:
• FCC – Federal Communications Commission Part 15, Class A
• IC – Industry Canada ICES-003 Class A
The heart of this reference platform is the AFE from TI, the LMP91000. The LMP91000 is perfect for use
in micropower, electrochemical-sensing applications. The LMP91000 provides a complete signal-path
solution between a sensor and a microcontroller that generates an output voltage proportional to the cell-
current. This device provides all of the functionality for detecting changes in gas concentration based on a
delta current at the working electrode.
The LMP91000 is programmed to support multiple electrochemical sensors, such as 3-lead toxic gas
sensors (see Figure 4) and 2-lead galvanic cell sensors (see Figure 5) with a single design as opposed to
multiple discrete solutions. The AFE supports gas sensitivities over a range of 0.5 to 9500 nA/ppm. The
AFE also allows for an easy conversion of current ranges from 5 to 750 µA, full scale.
The adjustable cell-bias and transimpedance amplifier (TIA) gain are programmed through the I2C
interface. The I2C interface can also be used for sensor diagnostics. An integrated temperature sensor can
be read by the user through the VOUT pin and used to provide additional signal correction in the
microcontroller or monitored to verify temperature conditions at the sensor. The AFE is optimized for
micropower applications, and operates over a voltage range of 2.7 to 5.25 V. The total current
consumption can be less than 10 μA. Additional power-saving capabilities are possible by switching off the
TIA and shorting the reference electrode to the working electrode with an internal switch
The LMP91000 supports many different toxic gases and sensors, and is configured to address the critical
parameters of each gas.
2 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 – August 2013

www.ti.com Introduction
Figure 1. Sensor Design
1.1 Fundamental Blocks of LMP91000

Transimpedance Amplifier — TIA provides an output voltage that is proportional to the cell current. TIA
provides seven programmable internal-gain resistors and allows the external-gain resistor to
connect to the LMP91000.
(Vref_div – Vout) / (RTIA) = Iwe (1)
Vout = (Vref_div) – (RTIA × Iwe) (2)
Input — The LMP91000 provides a 3-electrode solution — counter electrode (CE), reference electrode
(RE), working electrode (WE) (see Figure 4), as well as a 2-electrode solution — short the CE and
RE (see Figure 5).
Variable Bias — Variable bias provides the amount of bias voltage required by a biased gas sensor
between RE and WE. This bias voltage can be programmed to be 1% to 24% of the supply, or it
can be VREF. The bias can also be negative or positive depending on the type of sensing element.
Vref Divider — This is the voltage at the noninverting pin at TIA. This voltage can be programmed to be
either 20%, 50%, or 67% of the supply, or it can be VREF. The Vref divider provides the best use of
the full-scale input range of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and sufficient headroom for the
CE of the sensor to swing in case of sudden changes in the gas concentration.
• How to select the appropriate Vref divider:
– If the current at pin WE (Iwe) is flowing into the TIA, then the Vref divider should be set to 67%
of Vref.
– If Iwe is flowing out of the TIA, then the Vref divider should be set to 20% of Vref.
• Assume Vref_divider is set to 20% of Vref.
• Assume variable bias is set to 2% of Vref.
• Assume Vref = 4.1 V.
The Vref divider in that case would be 0.82 V. The noninverting input to A1 is 0.902 V,
which is 22% of Vref.
Control Amplifier A1 — A1 is a differential amplifier used to compare the potential between WE and RE.
The error signal is amplified and applied to the CE. Changes in the impedance between the WE
and RE cause a change in the voltage applied to CE in order to maintain the constant voltage
between WE and RE.

Temperature Sensor — An on-board temperature sensor provides a ±3˚C accuracy. The sensor can be
used by an external microcontroller to correct for performance over temperature.
Serial Interface — Calibration and programming is done through the I2C digital interface. The I2C
interface enables calibration and state-of-health monitoring. As mentioned before, health
monitoring is very important because chemical cells can degrade over time.
1.2 Examples of Firmware and iOS Calculation

This section explains the signal path and signal processing as implemented in the Gas Sensor Platform,
from the sensor to LMP91000, to CC2541 and to the iOS application.
1.2.1 O2 Sensor Example

The following example uses the O2 sensor from the Alphasense A2 series (see Section 1.4.1).
A change in µA current of the sensor indicates a change in gas concentration. The LMP91000 processes
the current and uses the linear TIA stage to convert the current to analog voltage (see Figure 1). The
analog voltage is then sent to the CC2541. The CC2541 then converts the raw analog voltage to a digital
signal through a 12-bit ADC and transmits the signal through the Bluetooth radio to an iOS device. The
iOS device then performs postprocessing.
1.2.1.1 Postprocessing Steps as Implemented in the iOS

• Covert voltage (binary to decimal).
– In this example, assume that the CC2541 transmits 0348h in its VOUT field. iOS software converts
this hexadecimal voltage into a decimal value:
0348h = 840 (3)
• The ADC inside the CC2541 is a 12-bit resolution (2s complementary).
– Thus, the ADC resolution inside the CC2541 is:
2.5 V / (211–1) = 0.001221 (4)
NOTE: LM4120 provides a fixed 2.5-V precision reference to both the LMP91000 and the
CC2541 in this reference platform. Because of this fixed precision reference, 2.5 V is
used in Equation 4 to calculate the ADC resolution inside the CC2541.
• Multiply the decimal value from Equation 3 with the ADC resolution:
840 × 0.001221 = 1.025 V (5)
(Vref_div – Vout) / (RTIA) = Iwe_fresh air
where
• Vref_div is 67% of Vref.
• RTIA is set to 7000. (6)
Thus, based on Equation 6, current at the WE pin (Iwe) flowing into the TIA is approximately 91 µA
(fresh air calibration).
• To change the O2 concentration, exhale, or breathe out, on the O2 sensor to increase VOUT. Assume
that the CC2541 transmits 03B0h in its VOUT field. 03B0h translates to 944 in decimal (see
Equation 3).
944 × 0.001221 = 1.152 V (7)
In this case, based on Equation 7, the current at the WE pin (Iwe) flowing into the TIA is (1.667– 1.152)
/ 7000 = 73.5 µA.
• In Equation 6, the calibrated fresh air WE (Iwe) value is 91 µA. For calibration, this value can be set to
correspond to 20.9%.
• Exhale, or breathe out, on the O2 sensor; the normalized O2 percentage is:
(73.5 × 20.9) / 91 = 16.88% (8)

1.3 CO Sensor Example

The following example uses the CO sensor from the Alphasense CO-AF series (see Section 1.4.1).
A change in µA current of the sensor indicates a change in gas concentration. The LMP91000 processes
the current and uses the linear TIA stage to convert the current to analog voltage (see Figure 1). The
analog voltage is then sent to the CC2541. The CC2541 then converts the raw analog voltage to a digital
signal through a 12-bit ADC and transmits the signal through the Bluetooth radio to an iOS device. The
iOS device then performs postprocessing.
1.3.1 Postprocessing Steps as Implemented in the iOS

• Covert voltage (binary to decimal).
– In this example, assume that the CC2541 transmits 019Fh in its VOUT field. iOS software converts
this hexadecimal voltage into a decimal value:
019Fh = 415 (9)
• The ADC inside the CC2541 is a 12-bit resolution (2s complementary).
– Thus, the ADC resolution inside the CC2541 is:
2.5 V / (211 – 1) = 0.001221 (10)
NOTE: The LM4120 provides a fixed 2.5-V precision reference to both the LMP91000 and the
CC2541 in this reference platform. Because of this fixed precision reference, 2.5 V is
used in Equation 10 to calculate the ADC resolution inside the CC2541.
• Multiply the decimal value from Equation 3 with the ADC resolution:
415 × 0.001221 = 0.506 V (11)
(Vref_div –Vout) / (RTIA) = – Iwe_fresh air
where
• The Vref divider is set to 20% of Vref as Iwe is flowing out of the TIA (in the case of a CO sensor).
• RTIA is set to 7000. (12)
Thus, based on Equation 12, the current at the WE pin (Iwe) flowing out of the TIA is approximately 857
nA (fresh air calibration).
• Based on the CO-AF specification, the sensitivity of the sensor is 55 to 90 nA/ppm. In the iOS
software, the sensitivity is set to 70 nA/ppm, which is the approximate average of the range.
857 nA × 70 nA/ppm = approximately 12 ppm (13)
NOTE: The RTIA for the CO-AF sensor is set to 7000, which ensures that the full range of the CO-
AF sensor (0 to 5000 ppm) can be used without clipping.

1.4 Supported Sensor Types

The Gas Sensor Platform from TI can be used with either a 3-lead amperometric cell (not included) (see
Figure 4) or a 2-lead galvanic cell (not included) in potentiostat configuration (see Figure 5) by a minor
resistor change shown in Figure 25.
• For a 3-lead amperometric cell (CO), R43 must be uninstalled.
• For a 2-lead galvanic cell (O2) R43 must be installed.
Figure 2. CO Setup Figure 3. O2 Setup
VREF VDD VREF VDD
LMP91000 SCL LMP91000 SCL
3-Lead I2C INTERFACE I2C INTERFACE

AND AND
Electrochemical SDA 2-wire Sensor SDA
CONTROL CONTROL
Cell REGISTERS such as Oxygen REGISTERS
CE VARIABLE VREF CE VARIABLE VREF
+ +
A1 BIAS DIVIDER MENB A1 BIAS DIVIDER MENB
- -
CE VE-
RE RE
RE NC
TEMP DGND TEMP DGND
SENSOR SENSOR
WE VE+
WE + VOUT WE + VOUT
TIA TIA
- -
RLoad RLoad
RTIA RTIA
C1 C2 AGND C1 C2 AGND
Figure 4. 3-Lead Amperometric Cell Figure 5. 2-Lead Galvanic Cell In Potentiostat

Configuration

1.4.1 WEBENCH® Support

TI recommends that customers use WEBENCH for their sensor-type design. Refer to Figure 6, Figure 7,
and the WEBENCH open design tool at http://www.ti.com/product/lmp91000. The WEBENCH tool lists all
of the sensor types compatible with LMP91000.
NOTE: The default firmware and the iOS software in the Gas Sensor Platform from TI are designed
to support the CO-AF from Alphasense (http://www.alphasense.com/industrial-
sensors/alphasense_sensors.html) as well as the O2-A2 from Alphasense. Customers can
easily update the firmware and the iOS software to support additional sensor types. For
firmware updates, see Section 7.2.
Figure 6. WEBENCH CO
Figure 7. WEBENCH O2

Features www.ti.com
2 Features
2.1 Gas Sensor Platform With BLE Design Features

• Coin-cell operation (CR2032)
• Low-power configurable AFE (LMP91000) that provides flexibility for customers to use the same AFE
for different gas-sensing platforms and configure different platforms with a simple firmware update
• Provides reference design for BLE antenna design - leveraging low-cost trace antenna
• Enables customers to use the platform to incorporate wireless features in gas-sensing applications
• TI provides BLE firmware and iOS application software as open-source to help customers get to the
market faster.
• The platform is comprised of two boards that are stacked together and are referred to as SAT0009
(power board) and SAT0010 (AFE and Bluetooth board).
LMP91000
• Supply voltage 2.7 to 5.25 V
• Supply current (average over time) <10 μA
• Cell-conditioning current up to 10 mA
• Reference electrode bias-current (85°C) 900 pA (max)
• Output drive-current 750 μA
• Complete potentiostat circuit to interface to most chemical cells
• Programmable cell-bias voltage
• Low-bias voltage drift
• Programmable TIA gain 2.75 to 350 kΩ
• Sink and source capability
• I2C-compatible digital interface
• Ambient operating temperature –40°C to +85°C
• Package: 14-pin WSON
• Supported by WEBENCH Sensor AFE Designer
LM4120
• Small SOT23-5 package
• Low dropout voltage: 120 mV Typ at 1 mA
• High output voltage accuracy: 0.2%
• Source and sink current output: ±5 mA
• Supply current: 160 μA Typ
• Low temperature coefficient: 50 ppm/°C
• Enable pin
• Fixed output voltages: 1.8, 2.048, 2.5, 3, 3.3, 4.096 and 5 V
• Industrial temperature range: –40°C to +85°C
TPS61220
• Up to 95% efficiency at typical operating conditions
• 5.5-μ quiescent current
• Startup into load at 0.7-V input voltage
• Operating input voltage from 0.7 to 5.5 V
• Pass-through function during shutdown
• Minimum switching current 200 mA
• Output overvoltage, overtemperature, input undervoltage lockout protection
• Adjustable output voltage from 1.8 to 5.5 V

www.ti.com Features
• Fixed output voltage versions

• Small 6-pin SC-70 package
CC2541
• Radio
– 2.4-GHz low-energy compliant and Proprietary RF System-on-Chip (SoC)
– Supports data rates of 250 kbps, 500 kbps, 1 Mbps, and 2 Mbps
– Excellent link budget, enabling long-range applications without external front-end
– Programmable output power up to 0 dBm
– Excellent receiver sensitivity (–94 dBm at 1 Mbps), selectivity and blocking performance
– Suitable for systems-targeting compliance with worldwide radio frequency regulations
– ETSI EN 300 328 and EN 300 440 Class 2 (Europe), FCC CFR47 Part 15 (US), and ARIB STD-
T66 (Japan)
• Layout
– Few external components
– Reference design provided
– 6-mm × 6-mm QFN-40 package
– Pin-compatible with the CC2540 (when not using USB or I2C)
• Low power
– Active-mode RX down to: 17.9 mA
– Active-mode TX (0 dBm): 18.2 mA
– Power mode 1 (4-μs wake up): 270 μA
– Power mode 2 (sleep timer on): 1 μA
– Power mode 3 (external interrupts): 0.5 μA
– Wide supply-voltage range (2 V – 3.6 V)
– TPS62730-compatible low power in active mode
– RX down to: 14.7 mA (3-V supply)
– TX (0 dBm): 14.3 mA (3-V supply)
• Peripherals
– Powerful 5-channel direct memory access (DMA)
– General-purpose timers (one, 16-bit; two, 8-bit)
– IR generation circuitry
– 32-kHz sleep timer with capture
– Accurate digital RSSI support
– Battery monitor and temperature sensor
– 12-bit ADC with eight channels and configurable resolution
– AES security coprocessor
– Two powerful UARTs with support for several serial protocols
– 23 general-purpose I/O pins
• (21 × 4 mA, 2 × 20 mA)
– An I2C interface
– Two I/O pins with LED-driving capabilities
– Watchdog timer
– Integrated high-performance comparator
• Development tools
– CC2541 Evaluation Module Kit (CC2541EMK)

Features www.ti.com
– CC2541 Mini Development Kit (CC2541DK-MINI)

– SmartRF™ software
– IAR Embedded Workbench® available
2.2 Featured Applications

The Gas Sensor Platform with BLE Reference Platform is designed to demonstrate how a configurable
AFE can be used with a low-power wireless radio to provide a reference platform that helps customers
develop next-generation gas-sensing solutions for the following applications:
• Industrial: gas-sensing application
• Consumer: carbon monoxide-sensing application
• Healthcare facilities: gas-sensing application
2.3 Highlighted Products

The Gas Sensor Platform with BLE Reference Design features the following devices:
• LMP91000: Sensor AFE System: Configurable AFE potentiostat for low-power chemical-sensing
applications
• CC2541: –2.4-GHz Bluetooth low-energy and proprietary SoC
• LM4120: Precision micropower low dropout voltage reference
• TPS61220: Low input voltage, 0.7-V boost converter with 5.5-μA quiescent current
For more information on each of these devices, go to the respective product folders at www.TI.com.

www.ti.com Features
2.4 Block Diagram

Figure 8 shows the block diagram for TI's Gas-Sensor Solution with BLE.
Figure 8. Block Diagram of Gas-Sensing Platform With Bluetooth Low Energy

Hardware Description www.ti.com
3 Hardware Description
3.1 Getting Started

Requirements:
• Gas sensor: use the recommended CO-AF from Alphasense.
• CR2032: Coin-cell
NOTE: Use a UL-compliant CR2032 coin-cell battery with nominal voltage 3 V, nominal capacity 225
mAh, and nominal continuous standard load 0.2 mA.
• An iOS device: iPhone 4S and newer generations; iPad 3 and newer generations; fifth generation iPod
(www.Apple.com)
Download the TI Gas Sensor application from the Apple App Store™ at iTunes.Apple.com/us/app/TI-
Gas-Sensor/id663441630.
NOTE: CC-DEBUGGER is the debug tool to load the firmware to the CC2541 (ti.com/tool/cc-
debugger). The debug tool is needed only if changes to the firmware are required.
Figure 9. Installing the Sensor on the Platform

www.ti.com Hardware Description
Figure 10. CR2032 Battery
By default the Gas Sensor Platform supports the 3-lead amperometric cell (R43 not installed, see
Section 1.4). By default, the firmware and iOS software support the Alphasense CO-AF sensor. TI
recommends installing the CO-AF sensor (not included) from Alphasense into the socket on the SAT0010
board (see Figure 10).
1. Install the sensor onto the platform (see Figure 9).
2. Load the CR2032 (not included in the kit) into the coin-cell holder on the SAT0009 board.
3. Turn the On/Off switch to the right (with respect to the orientation shown in Figure 11).
NOTE: A blue LED flashes when the default firmware is loaded.
4. Download the application from the App Store.

5. Use an iOS device to access the Gas Sensor Platform and interface with the platform (see
Section 7.1).
6. If needed, connect the CC-DEBUGGER (not included in the kit) to the 10-pin header as shown in
Figure 11. If changes to the default firmware are needed, see Section 7.2.
Figure 11. System Running With LED Flashing

Hardware Description www.ti.com
3.2 Battery Life Calculation

For battery life calculations, TI highly recommends that the user reviews CC2541 Battery Life Calculation,
SWRA347.
Comparing the power consumption of a BLE device to another device using a single metric is impossible.
For example, a device gets rated by its peak current. While the peak current plays a part in the total power
consumption, a device running the BLE stack only consumes current at the peak level during
transmission. Even in very high throughput systems, a BLE device is transmitting for only a small
percentage of the total time that the device is connected (see Figure 12).
Figure 12. Current Consumption
In addition to transmitting, there are other factors to consider when calculating battery life. A BLE device
can go through several other modes, such as receiving, sleeping, and waking up from sleep. Even if the
current consumption of a device in each different mode is known, there is not enough information to
determine the total power consumed by the device. Each layer of the BLE stack requires a certain amount
of processing to remain connected and to comply with the specifications of the protocol. The MCU takes
time to perform this processing, and during this time, current is consumed by the device. In addition, some
power might be consumed while the device switches between modes (see Figure 13). All of this must be
considered to get an accurate measurement of the total current consumed.
Figure 13. Current Consumption-Active versus Sleep Modes

www.ti.com Antenna Simulations
4 Antenna Simulations
The following data was simulated using the High-Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) from ANSYS
(www.ansys.com/hfss).
The Gas Sensor Platform with BLE platform is a stack of two 1-inch diameter boards (see Figure 14).
The goals of the antenna simulations include the following:
• Validate that the 2.45-GHz antenna performs as expected.
• Estimate the influence of the battery board, by running simulations with and without the battery board.
4.1 Simulations With the Battery Board (SAT0009)

Both boards were used in the first simulation to determine the affect of the power board (SAT0009) on the
BLE antenna located on SAT0010 (see Figure 15, Figure 16, and Figure 17).
Figure 14. ANSYS Antenna Simulation Setup

Antenna Simulations www.ti.com
Figure 15. Antenna Simulations With Power Board
Figure 16. Antenna Simulations Matching With Power Board
Figure 17. Antenna Simulations Electrical Field Propagation With Power Board

The power board (SAT0009) was used in the next simulation to determine if the BLE antenna resulted in
an improvement to the performance of SAT0010 (see Figure 18, Figure 19, and Figure 20).
Figure 18. Antenna Simulations Setup Without Battery Board
Table 1. Antenna Simulations Results Without Battery Board

Quantity Value Units
Max U 0.00043244 W/sr
Peak directivity 1.1138
Peak gain 0.66408
Peak realized gain 0.54344
Radiated power 0.0048793 W
Accepted power 0.0081833 W
Incident power 0.01 W
Radiation efficiency 0.59625
Front-to-back ratio Not applicable
Decay factor 0
Figure 19. Antenna Simulations Matching Without Battery Board

Antenna Simulations www.ti.com
Figure 20. Antenna Simulations Field Propagation Without Battery Board
Figure 21. Improved Antenna Matching
Antenna matching was improved by increasing the inductor from 3 to 5 nH (see Figure 21). The increase
resulted in a better return loss value of 10 dB.

4.2 Summary of Findings

• The battery board does not significantly influence the antenna (see Table 1).
• Good omnidirectional radiation pattern is found.
– Low peak gain of 1.2.
• Antenna radiation efficiency is estimated at 54%.
4.3 Conclusion
• Overall board size is very small.
– Reduces the antenna efficiency from an estimated 70% to 54%.
– Influences the match of the antenna to become only 6 dB.
• By increasing the last inductor from 3 to 5 nH, the match is improved.
4.4 FCC Reports

The Gas Sensor Platform is compliant with FCC and EU radiation requirements. For additional
information, see the following documents (SNVC129 and SNVC130):
• ETSI EN 301 489-17, v2.1.1,
• FCC part 15, subpart B & ICES-003, Issue 4,
• EN 300 328: v1.7.1,

Schematics and Bill of Materials www.ti.com
5 Schematics and Bill of Materials
5.1 SAT Gas Sensor Platform With BLE
5.1.1 Power Board Schematic and BOM

See SNVC103 for additional schematic files for the SAT0009 (Power Board), and SNVC101 for the BOM.
CR2032 COIN CE LL BATTE RY
VD D
1 2
1
U2 VD D
BT1 U3 VD D EXPEC TED 3 V C38
1 4 GN D 2 L5 1 5 1uF 6.3V
2
1 4 L 4
VO U T
2 5 V_COIN_CELL 1
C1 C2 VIN
2 J2 J3
2
1
2
1
FB
3 6 6 R16
3 6 EN
1M
1
1
C20 C21 C22 3 C23 GN D
GN D
0.1uF 10V 47uF 6.3V 10uF 6.3V 10uF 6.3V
2
2
R17
1
GN D GN D 200 kohm GN D
GN D J6 J8 J9
GN D
Figure 22. Power Section

www.ti.com Schematics and Bill of Materials
Table 2. Power Section BOM

Comment Description Designator Footprint LibRef Qty Manufacturer Part No. Supplier Part No.
BS-7-ND Battery Holder BT1 BATTHOLD-BS-7-CR2032 BS-7-ND 1 Digi-Key BS-7-ND
Cap Cer 0.1 µF 10 GRM155R71A104KA01
GRM155R71A104KA01D C20 C402-25RD GRM155R71A104KA01 1 GRM155R71A Digi-Key
V 10 D-ND
TSW-101-07-G-S Conn Header 1POS C21, J6, J8, J9 JUMP1X1-382650CTR TSW-101-07-G-S 4 Samtec, Inc. Digi-Key SAM1029-01-ND
Cap Cer 10 µF 6.3
GRM188R60J106ME47 C22, C23 C603-35X45 GRM188R60J106ME47 2 GRM188R60J1 Digi-Key 490-3896-2-ND
V 20
Cap Cer 1 µF 6.3 V
GRM155R60J105KE190 C38 C402-25RD GRM155R60J105KE190 1 GRM155R60J1 Digi-Key 490-1320-2-ND
10%
Major League Elec
TBSTC-501-D-200-22-G J2, J3 JUMP1X2-3826-50CTR TBSTC-501-D-200-22-G 2 Major League Elec TBSTC-501-D-2
0.05
Power Inductor,
EPL3015 L5 EPL3015-INDUCTOR EPL3015 1 Coilcraft EPL3015-427M
Shielder
CRCW04021M00JNED Res 1.0 mΩ 1/6W R16 R402-25RD CRCW04021M00JNED 1 Digi-Key 541-1.0MJCT-ND
CRCW0402200KJNED Res 200 kΩ 1/6W R17 R402-25RD CRCW0402200KJNED 1 Digi-Key 541-200KJDKR-ND
EG1390B U2 EG1390-SWITCH EG1390B 1 Digi-Key EG4633TR-ND
TPS6120DCK U3 DCK6 TPS61220DCK 1 Digi-Key 296-32505-2-ND

5.2 BLE and AFE Section

See SNVC103 for additional schematics of the SAT0010 AFE (LMP91000) and BLE (CC2541), and
SNVC101 for the BOM.
VD D _FILT
VD D
FB1
1 2
VD D BLM15HG102SN1D
1
C36
1uF 6.3V
2
1
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8
220pF 50V
2
1
J5 1uF 6.3V 0.1uF 10V 0.1uF 10V 0.1uF 10V 0.1uF 10V 0.1uF 10V 2.2uF 6.3V
2
2
GN D
A3
GN D GN D GN D GN D GN D GN D GN D GN D ANTENNA IIFA BLE
U1
10 31
1
D VD D 1 AVD D 6
39 21
D VD D 2 AVD D 5
29
AVD D 4
1 GN D AVD D 3 24
2
1
J7 SCL 2 SC L AVD D 2 27
SDA 3 28 GN D
4 SD A AVD D 1 C9
NC L1
1 2 2 1 2 L2 1
GN D P2_1/DD R1 36
35 P2_0 1pF 50V 1.0nH 5.1nH
1
0 ohm P2_1
P2_2/DC R2 34 L3
1
P2_2
GN D 0 ohm 2.0nH C10
1pF 50V
2
P1_0 11
2
R3 P1_0
9
P1_1
C11
0 ohm 8 25 2 1
P1_2 R F_P
DNP 7 GN D
6 P1_3 26 18pF 50V GN D
5 P1_4 R F_N C12
P1_5 L4
38 32 2 1 2 1
P1_6 P2_4
37 33 X1
VOUT_P0_0 R4 P1_7 P2_3 18pF 50V 2.0nH
19 22 1 2
1
R5 0 ohm P0_0 XO SC _Q 1
C2_P0_1 18 23 X2 C13
P0_1 XO SC _Q 2
0 ohm 17 4 3 1pF 50V
2
P0_2
16 P0_3 32.768kHz
15 P0_4 1 2 535-9544-2-ND
14 40
P0_5 D C O U PL
VD D _FILT 13
P0_6
C14 GN D
S oC Debug/ Fl ash
1
12 P0_7 R BIAS 30 1 2
1 2 C15
P2_2/DC 3 4 P2_1/DD 20 41 1uF 6.3V 15pF 50V
2
P0_4/SSN 5 6 P0_5/SCK R ESET_N TH ER M_PAD C16

1
GN D RESET_N 7 8 P0_3/MISO R6 C17 GN D 1 2 GN D

9 10 P0_2/MOSI 0 ohm 12pF 50V
1
CC2541
2
GN D GN D C18 15pF 50V

R7 R8 R9 R10 12pF 50V
J1
P0_2/MOSI
2
P0_4/SSN
0 ohm 0 ohm 0 ohm 2.7K ohm R11 GN D

DNP 56k ohm
GN D D1
R13 R14 GN D P1_0 R12
0 ohm 0 ohm C19 270 ohm
P0_5/SCK
1 2 BLUE
P0_3/ MI SO
RESET_N
GN D
1nF 50V GN D
GN D
R15
VR EF
1M
DNP
D N P = D O N OT POPU LATE AT A SSEMB LY
GN D
Figure 23. BLE Section

VD D
LM4120AIM5-2.5CT-ND
2
C24 U4
4
0.1uF 16V LM4120AIM5-2.5
EN
IN
2
GN D
GN D VR EF
RE F
O UT
GN D
5
1
1
C25 C26
0.022uF 16V 0.1uF 16V
1
2
DNP C27 R18

56pF 50V 0 ohm VR EF EXPEC TED 2 .5 V VD D
2
VD D
1
GN D
GN D C28
0.022uF 16V
2
LMP91000SDE/NOPBTR-ND
LMP91000SD R19 R20
11 10.0 kohm 10.0 kohm
6
U5 GN D
VREF VDD 3 SCL

SCL
I2C 4 SDA
R43 LMP91000 INTERFACE SDA
AND R22
0 ohm Configurable Potentiostat AFE CONTROL 2
MENB
REGISTERS 0 ohm
DGND 1
CE VARIABLE Vref
14 BIAS DIVIDER
A1
TEMP
GN D
RE SENSOR
RE 13
10F7941 VOUT 8 VOUT _P0_0

S1
3
2 CE 12
WE TIA
Ve-
3
1
1 WE C29
1
Ve+
RLOAD
C30 1uF 6.3V
2
0.1uF 10V DNP
2
NC C1 RTA C2 DAP AGND

5
10
GN D
R21
0 ohm
DNP GN D
C31 GN D
1 2
1uF 6.3V
C2_P0_1 DNP
1
C32
1uF 6.3V
2
DNP
GN D
D N P = D O N OT POPU LATE AT A SSEMB LY
Figure 24. AFE Section

Table 3. BLE Section BOM

Designat
Comment Description Footprint LibRef Qty ASSY_Option Manufacturer Part No. Supplier Part No.
or
No part to
Antenna_IIFA
ANTENNA IIFA BLE Antenna IIFA BLE A3 Antenna 1 order or place
_BLE
at ASSY
Cap Cer 1 µF 6.3 V C1, C15,
GRM155R60J105KE19D C402-25RD GRM155R60J105KE19D 3 GRM155R60J105KE19D Digi-Key 490-1320-2-ND
10% X5R C36
C2, C3,
Cap Cer 0.1 µF 10 V GRM155R71A104KA01D
GRM155R71A104KA01D C4, C5, C402-25RD GRM155R71A104KA01D 6 GRM155R71A104KA01D Digi-Key
10% X7R -ND
C7, C30
Cap Cer 220 pF 50 V
GRM1555C1H221JA01D C6 C402-25RD GRM1555C1H221JA01D 1 GRM1555C1H221JA01D Digi-Key 490-1293-2-ND
5% NP0
Cap Cer 2.2 µF 6.3 V
GRM155R60J225ME15D C8 C402-25RD GRM155R60J225ME15D 1 GRM155R60J225ME15D Digi-Key 490-4519-1-ND
20% X5R
Cap Cer 1 pF 50 V C9, C10,
GRM1555C1H1R0CA01D C402-25RD GRM1555C1H1R0CA01D 3 GRM1555C1H1ROCA01D Digi-Key 490-3199-2-ND
NP0 C13
Cap Cer 18 pF 50 V
GRM1555C1H180JZ01D C11, C12 C402-25RD GRM1555C1H180JZ01D 2 GRM1555C1H180JZ01D Digi-Key 490-1281-2-ND
5% NP0
Cap Cer 15 pF 50 V
GRM1555C1H150JA01D C14, C16 C402-25RD GRM1555C1H150JA01D 2 GRM1555C1H150JA01D Digi-Key 490-5888-2-ND
5% NP0
Cap, 0402, C0G, 50 V,
GRM1555C1H120JA01D C17, C18 C402-25RD GRM1555C1H120JA01D 2 GRM1555C1H120JA01D Newark 14T3292
12 pF
Cap Cer 1000 pF 50 V
GRM1555C1H102JA01D C19 C402-25RD GRM1555C1H102JA01D 1 GRM1555C1H102JA01D Digi-Key 490-324-2-ND
5% NP0
Cap Cer 0.1 µF 16 V
C0402C104K4RAC7411 C24 C402-25RD C0402C104K4RAC7411 1 C0402C104K4RAC7411 Digi-Key 399-7352-2-ND
10% X7R
Cap Cer 0.022 µF 16 V Johanson Dielectrics
GRM155R71C223KA01J C25, C28 C402-25RD GRM155R71C223KA01J 2 GRM155R71C223KA01J Digi-Key 709-1128-2-ND
10% X7R Inc.
Cap Cer 0.1 µF 16 V
C0402C104K4RAC7411 C26 C402-25RD C0402C104K4RAC7411 1 DNP C0402C104K4RAC7411 Digi-Key 399-7352-2-ND
10% X7R
Cap Cer 56 pF 50 V
VJ0402D560JXAAJ C27 C402-25RD VJ0402D560JXAAJ 1 VJ0402D560JXAAJ Digi-Key 720-1293-2-ND
5% NP0
Cap Cer 1 µF 6.3 V C29, C31,
GRM155R60J105KE19D C402-25RD GRM155R60J105KE19D 3 DNP GRM155R60J105KE19D Digi-Key 490-1320-2-ND
10% X5R C32
LED 0402 BLUE 465NM LED-SML- LED 0402 BLUE465NM
D1 1 Digi-Key 511-1615-1-ND
TRANSPARENT 31SQ TRANSPARENT
Filter Chip 1000 Ω 250
BLM15HG102SN1D FB1 l402-25 BLM15HG102SN1D 1 BLM15HG102N1D Digi-Key 490-3999-2-ND
mA
FTSH2X5-
FTSH-105-01-FDH J1 FTSH-105-01-FDH 1 Arrow 2745567S5787043N1004
110X29
Major League Elec
TBSTC-501-D- 200-22-G- .050x.050 cl Thicker JUMP1X2- TBSTC-501-D- 200-22-G-
J5, J7 2 Major League Elec TBSTC-501-D-200-22-G-300-LF
300-LF Brd Stacker Term 3826-50CTR 300- LF
Strips - Custom
LQG15HS1N0S02D 1 nH, I0402-25 L1 l402-25 LQG15HS1N0S02D 1 Murata Elec LQG15HS1N0S02D Digi-Key 490-2610-2-ND
5.1 nH ±0.3 nH, I0402-
LQG15HH5N1S02D L2 l402-25 LQG15HH5N1S02D 1 Murata Elec LQG15HH5N1S02D Mouser 81-LQG15HH5N1S02D
25
LQG15HS2N0S02D 2.0 nH, I0402-25 L3, L$ l402-25 LQG15HS2N0S02D 2 Murata LQG15HS2N0S02D Mouser 81-LQG15HS2N0S02D

Table 3. BLE Section BOM (continued)

Designat
Comment Description Footprint LibRef Qty ASSY_Option Manufacturer Part No. Supplier Part No.
or
R1, R2,
R4, R5,
R6, R8,
ERJ-2GE0R00X Res 0 Ω 1/10W R402-25RD ERJ-2GE0R00X 12 Digi-Key P0.0JTR-ND
R9, R13,
R14, R18,
R22, R43
ERJ-2GE0R00X Res 0 Ω 1/10W R3, R21 R402-25RD ERJ-2GE0R00X 2 DNP Digi-Key P0.0JTR-ND
Resistor Chip, Jumper,
CR0402-J/-000G R7 R402-25RD CR0402-J/-000G 1 DNP Newark 02J1955
0 Ω, 1%
CRCW04022K70FKED Res 2.70 kΩ 1/16W 1% R10 R402-25RD CRCW04022K70FKED 1 Digi-Key 541-2.70KLCT-ND
CRCW040256K0FKED Res 56 kΩ 1/16W 1% R11 R402-25RD CRCW040256K0FKED 1 Digi-Key 541-56.0KLCT-ND
CRCW0402270RFKED Res 270 Ω 1/16W 1% R12 R402-25RD CRCW0402270RFKED 1 Digi-Key 541-270LCT-ND
CRCW04021M00JNED Res 1 mΩ 1/16W 5% R15 R402-25RD CRCW04021M00JNED 1 DNP Digi-Key 541-1.0MJCT-ND
CRCW040210K0FKED Res 10 KΩ 1/16W 1% R19, R20 R402-25RD CRCW040210K0FKED 2 Digi-Key 541-10.0KLCT-ND
Socket and Oxygen- Alphasense (Sensor) 02-A1 Newark 10F7941

S1 SKT_O2-A1 Socket and Oxygen-Sensor 1
Sensor Cambion (Socket) 450-3326-01-03-00
CC2541 Single-Chip BLE U1 CC2541 1 TI CC2541F256RHAR
IC VREF Series Prec SOT23-27X39-
LM4120AIM5- 2.5/NOPB U4 LM4120AIM5-2.5/NOPB 1 Digi-Key LM4120AIM5-2.5CT-ND
2.5 V 5
Configurable AFE
Potentiostat for Low- NHL0014B- LMP91000SDE/NOPBTR
LMP91000SD U5 LMP91000SD 1 TI Digi-Key
Power Chemical WSON -ND
Sensing
ABS07- 32.768kHz-9 Oscillator X1 XTAL2-ABS07 ABS07-32.768kHz-9 1 Digi-Key 535-9544-2-ND
XTAL4-37X34-
FA128 Oscillator X2 FA128 1 Epson Q22FA1280009200
FA128

NOTE: Capacitors C29 and C32 on SAT0010 provide low-pass filtering to the analog output signals
(VOUT and C2) from LMP91000. In the schematic, they are placed as placeholders and
shown as DNP (do not populate). During testing of this platform it was noted that a value of
.01 µF was most optimized for C29 and C32 for this particular platform. Customers can fine-
tune this selection based on their system design.
Figure 25. CO and O2
Figure 26. Filter

www.ti.com Layout
6 Layout
6.1 SAT Gas Sensor Platform With BLE
6.1.1 SAT0009 (Power Board) Layer Plots

See SNVC102 for additional layer plots of the SAT0009 (power board, Figure 27).
Figure 27. Power Board
6.1.2 SAT0010 (AFE and BLE Board) Layer Plots

See SNVC102 for additional layer plots of the SAT0010 (AFE and BLE board, Figure 28).
Figure 28. AFE and BLE Board

Practical Applications www.ti.com
7 Practical Applications
7.1 iOS Application

Figure 29, Figure 30, Figure 31, Figure 32, and Figure 33 show the TI BLE Sensor application as used
with an iPad.
Figure 29. Application Icon

www.ti.com Practical Applications
Figure 30. Locating the Sensors
Figure 31. Updating the Sensors

Figure 32. Connecting to a Sensor
Figure 33. Main Menu

7.2 Firmware Section

One of the development platforms for the CC2451 8051 microcontroller is the IAR development platform.
For information on this platform, see http://www.iar.com/.
To communicate to the development platform through IAR, the CC DEBUGGER is required. See
Section 3.1.
The CC DEBUGGER must be connected to the 10-pin header on the SAT0010 board. Make sure that the
notch on the cable that connects to the 10-pin header is facing away from the sensor or toward the
outside. If connected properly, the LED on the CC DEBUGGER turns green.
Figure 34. CC DEBUGGER
Figure 35. Launching IAR
Launch the project file as shown in Figure 35.

Figure 36. IAR Version in Use
Ensure that you are using the version used in Figure 36 or a newer version.
Figure 37. Main Loop
Highlight Main.c, as shown in Figure 37.

Figure 38. Communication Settings
The number of times the Bluetooth radio communicates with the iOS application can be easily changed by
using the highlighted variable shown in Figure 38.
Figure 39. Sensor Section
The firmware has a case statement to easily change from a CO sensor to an O2 sensor, as shown in
Figure 39. Note the x in front of the CO option.

Figure 40. CO Settings
All the key configuration settings for LMP91000 have been co-located for easy update to the firmware (see
Figure 40).
Figure 41. Adding New Sensor
New sensor services can be added to the firmware, as shown in Figure 41.

www.ti.com
Appendix A SAT0009 Power Board Files
A.1 Gerber Files

See SNVC106 for the Gerber files for the SAT0009 power board and the SAT0010 AFE and BLE board.
A.2 Altium Project Files

See SNVC100 for the Altium Project files of the SAT0009 power board (see Figure 42).
Figure 42. Power Board
SNOA922 – August 2013 SAT0009 Power Board Files 35

Altium Project Files www.ti.com
See SNVC100 for the Altium Project files of the SAT0010 AFE and BLE board (see Figure 43).
Figure 43. AFE and BLE Board
36 SAT0009 Power Board Files SNOA922 – August 2013

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SNOA922 – August 2013 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design 1

2 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 – August 2013

Figure 1. Sensor Design

1.1 Fundamental Blocks of LMP91000

SNOA922 – August 2013 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design 3

1.2 Examples of Firmware and iOS Calculation

1.2.1 O2 Sensor Example

1.2.1.1 Postprocessing Steps as Implemented in the iOS

4 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 – August 2013

1.3 CO Sensor Example

1.3.1 Postprocessing Steps as Implemented in the iOS

SNOA922 – August 2013 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design 5

1.4 Supported Sensor Types

Figure 2. CO Setup Figure 3. O2 Setup

VREF VDD VREF VDD

LMP91000 SCL LMP91000 SCL

3-Lead I2C INTERFACE I2C INTERFACE

Figure 4. 3-Lead Amperometric Cell Figure 5. 2-Lead Galvanic Cell In Potentiostat

6 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 – August 2013

1.4.1 WEBENCH® Support

SNOA922 – August 2013 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design 7

2.1 Gas Sensor Platform With BLE Design Features

8 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 – August 2013

• Fixed output voltage versions

SNOA922 – August 2013 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design 9

– CC2541 Mini Development Kit (CC2541DK-MINI)

2.2 Featured Applications

2.3 Highlighted Products

10 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 – August 2013

2.4 Block Diagram

Figure 8. Block Diagram of Gas-Sensing Platform With Bluetooth Low Energy

SNOA922 – August 2013 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design 11

3.1 Getting Started

Figure 9. Installing the Sensor on the Platform

12 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 – August 2013

Figure 10. CR2032 Battery

NOTE: A blue LED flashes when the default firmware is loaded.

4. Download the application from the App Store.

Figure 11. System Running With LED Flashing

SNOA922 – August 2013 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design 13

3.2 Battery Life Calculation

Figure 12. Current Consumption

Figure 13. Current Consumption-Active versus Sleep Modes

14 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 – August 2013

4.1 Simulations With the Battery Board (SAT0009)

Figure 14. ANSYS Antenna Simulation Setup

SNOA922 – August 2013 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design 15

Figure 15. Antenna Simulations With Power Board

Figure 16. Antenna Simulations Matching With Power Board

16 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design SNOA922 – August 2013

Figure 18. Antenna Simulations Setup Without Battery Board

Table 1. Antenna Simulations Results Without Battery Board

Figure 19. Antenna Simulations Matching Without Battery Board

SNOA922 – August 2013 Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design 17

Figure 20. Antenna Simulations Field Propagation Without Battery Board

Figure 21. Improved Antenna Matching