BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING c.

Head Loss Using Mannings Formula

CE 112 – HYDRAULICS
2nd Semester, S.Y 2023 – 2024 ENGLISH SYSTEM

𝟐.𝟖𝟕𝒏𝟐 𝑳𝑽𝟐 𝟒.𝟔𝟓𝒏𝟐 𝑳𝑸𝟐

MODULE 4 (PART 2) 𝒉𝒇 = 𝒉𝒇 =
𝑫𝟒/𝟑 𝑫𝟏𝟔/𝟑
FLUID FLOW IN CLOSED CONDUITS
Where:
3.8 HEAD LOSS hf = head loss in feet.
L = length of pipe in feet.
a. Head Loss of Laminar Flow Using Hazen - Poseville Equation V = velocity in fps
D = diameter in feet
𝟑𝟐𝝁𝑳𝑽 𝟏𝟐𝟖𝝁𝑳𝑸 n = coefficient of roughness
𝒉𝒇 = 𝒉𝒇 =
𝝆𝒈𝒅𝟐 𝝅𝝆𝒈𝒅𝟒 Q = discharge in cu.ft./sec

Where: S.I. VERSION

hf = head loss in m.
V = kinematic viscosity in m²/s 𝟔.𝟑𝟓𝒏𝟐 𝑳𝑽𝟐 𝟏𝟎.𝟐𝟗𝒏𝟐𝑳𝑸𝟐
𝒉𝒇 = 𝒉𝒇 =
𝜇 = absolute viscosity in pa. s 𝑫𝟒/𝟑 𝑫𝟏𝟔/𝟑

L = length of pipe in m.
D = diameter of pipe in m. Where:
g = 9.81 m/s² hf = head loss in m.
L = length of pipe in m.
b. Head Loss Using Darcy Weishback Formula V = velocity in m/s
D = diameter in m
ENGLISH SYSTEM n = coefficient of roughness
Q = discharge in cu.m./sec
𝒇𝑳𝑽𝟐 𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟐𝒇𝑳𝑸𝟐
𝒉𝒇 = 𝒉𝒇 = d. Head Loss Using Hazen Williams Formula
𝑫𝟐𝒈 𝑫𝟓

Where: ENGLISH SYSTEM

hf = head loss in feet.
f = friction factor 𝟒. 𝟕𝟐𝑳𝑸𝟏.𝟖𝟓
L = length of pipe in feet. 𝒉𝒇 =
𝑪𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝑫𝟒.𝟖𝟕
V = velocity in fps
D = diameter in feet Where:
g = 32.2 fps² hf = head loss in feet.
Q = discharge in cu.ft./sec L = length of pipe in feet.
D = diameter in feet
S.I. VERSION Q = discharge in cu.ft./sec
C = Hazen Coefficient
𝒇𝑳𝑽𝟐 𝟎.𝟎𝟖𝟐𝟔𝒇𝑳𝑸𝟐
𝒉𝒇 = 𝒉𝒇 =
𝑫𝟐𝒈 𝑫𝟓 𝑽 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟏𝟖𝑪𝑹𝟎.𝟔𝟑 𝑺𝟎.𝟓𝟒

Where: Where:
hf = head loss in m. V=velocity in fps
f = friction factor 𝐴
R=hydraulic radius in feet = 𝑃
L = length of pipe in m.
V = velocity in m/s A=cross-sectional area of water in the pipe in ft²
D = diameter in m P=perimeter in contact with water in feet
g = 9.81 m/s² S=slope of hydraulic gradient
Q = discharge in cu.m./sec C=Hazens coefficient

ENGR. MELANIE ROSE P. PASCUA

 𝑸 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟑𝟐𝑪𝑫𝟐.𝟔𝟑 𝑺𝟎.𝟓𝟒 Where:
𝑉𝑛2
𝐸=
Where: 2𝑔

Q = discharge in cu.ft./sec
D = diameter in feet b. Horsepower Available in Pump
S=slope of hydraulic gradient
𝑸𝜸𝒘 𝑯. 𝑨.
C=Hazens coefficient 𝑯𝑷 = (𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒉𝒑)
𝟕𝟒𝟔
Where:
S.I. VERSION
H.A. = head added by the pump
𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝛾𝑤 =9810 N/m³
𝟏𝟎. 𝟔𝟒𝑳𝑸
𝒉𝒇 =
𝑪𝟏.𝟖𝟓 𝑫𝟒.𝟖𝟕 c. Horsepower Available in Pump
When:
hf = head loss in m. 𝑸𝜸𝒘 𝑯. 𝑬.
L = length of pipe in m. 𝑯𝑷 = (𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒉𝒑)
𝟕𝟒𝟔
D = diameter in m
Q = discharge in cu.m./sec Where:
C = Hazen Coefficient H.E. = head extracted
𝟎.𝟔𝟑 𝟎.𝟓𝟒
𝛾𝑤 =9810 N/m³
𝑽 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒𝟗𝟐𝑪𝑹 𝑺
d. Efficiency
Where:
V=velocity in m/sec 𝑶𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒉𝒑
𝐴
R=hydraulic radius in meters = 𝑃 𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 =
𝑰𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒉𝒑
A=cross-sectional area of water in the pipe in m²
P=perimeter in contact with water in meters Example Problems
S=slope of hydraulic gradient
C=Hazens coefficient 1. A 0.80 m. diameter pipeline 50 m. long carries 0.53 m³/s of water. Compute the head loss
using the following formula:
𝑸 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟕𝟖𝟓𝑪𝑫𝟐.𝟔𝟑 𝑺𝟎.𝟓𝟒 a. Darcy Weishback with f = 0.014
b. Mannings Formula with n = 0.012
Where: c. Hazen Williams with C=120.
Q = discharge in m³/sec
D = diameter in meters 2. A 1.5-meter diam. new cast iron pipe 850 m. long and has a head loss of 1.23 m.
S=slope of hydraulic gradient a. Find the discharge capacity for this pipe using Hazen Williams formula with C=130.
C=Hazens coefficient b. Find the discharge capacity using Mannings formula with n=0.013.
c. Find the discharge capacity using Darcy Weishback with f=0.021.
3.9 HEAD LOSS ON NOZZLE
3. The head loss of a cast iron pipe 950 m. long is 5m. Compare the diam. Of the pipe if it
𝑽𝒏 𝟐 𝟏 carries a discharge of 0.98 m³/s.
𝒉𝒏 = [ − 𝟏] a. Using Darcy Weishback formula with f=0.018.
𝟐𝒈 𝑪𝒗 𝟐
Where: b. Using Manning’s Equation with n=0.014
𝑉𝑛 c. Use Hazen Williams Formula with C= 130.
=velocity head at the nozzle
2𝑔
𝐶𝑣 =coeff. Of velocity 4. Four thousand cu.m. of water flows a rate of 0.03 m³/sec., against a static head of 32m
through a new 150 mm diameter cast iron pipe 430 m. long. Pump efficiency is 82% and
3.10 HORSEPOWER motor efficiency is 74%. Using Hazen Williams formula with C=130.
a. Compute the total head loss.
a. Horsepower Available in the Jet b. Compute the horsepower needed for the flow.
c. Compute the total pumping cost if electric cost is P3.40 per kW-hour.
𝑸𝜸𝒘 𝑬
𝑯𝑷 =
𝟕𝟒𝟔

ENGR. MELANIE ROSE P. PASCUA

 5. A square concrete conduit having a side of 0.88 m. carries water at a rate of 4.3 m³/s. Using
Hazen Williams Formula with C=120.
a. Compute the hydraulic radius.
b. Compute the hydraulic slope.
c. Compute the head loss if the length of the conduit is 45 m.

6. A 600 mm pipeline, 1500 m. long, is to take water from a reservoir at elevation 150 m. and
discharge it through a 150 mm nozzle (C=Cv=0.95) at elevation 30 m. The pipeline is to be
constructed so that at point A, 1350 m. from the reservoir, the pipe shall be 3 m. below the
hydraulic grade line. Assuming f=0.025 and no loss at entrance to pipe.
a. What is the rate of discharge.
b. What would be the elevation of pipe at point A.
c. What horsepower will be available in the jet from the nozzle.

7. Water is pumped from reservoir A at elevation 30 m. through 1200 m. of 600 mm diameter

pipe to reservoir B at elevation 90 m. The pump is close to reservoir A and at the same
elevation as A. A hydraulic motor is placed in the pipeline at a mid-point on the length of
the pipe and at elevation 80 m. The motor delivers 56 hp and has an efficiency of 80%. Use
f=0.02. If the rate of flow is 890 liters/sec.
a. Compute the power output of the pump.
b. Compute the pressure at the entrance to the motor.
c. Compute the pressure at the exit from the motor.

References:
1. Besavilla, V.I. (1996) Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics, 3rd edition.,VIB Publisher
2. Gillesania, Diego Inocencio T.Fluid mechanics and hydraulics, c2003, Leyte
3. Evett, Jack B. & Liu, Cheng. (1989) Schaum’s 2500 Solved Problems in Fluid Mechanics and
Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill Inc.
4. Daugherty, R.L., Franzini, J.B., Finnemore, E.J. (2002) Fluid Mechanics with Engineering
Applications,SI Metric Edition, USA
5. King, H. W., Wisler, C. O., and Woodburn, J. G. Hydraulics, Fifth Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

ENGR. MELANIE ROSE P. PASCUA