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Networking Assignment 2

The document describes the design and implementation of a network for a small organization. It details the requirements, topology, structure, hardware components, IP addressing, and provides configuration screenshots. Testing and maintenance schedules are also included.

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Hlyn Hlyn
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
15 views

Networking Assignment 2

The document describes the design and implementation of a network for a small organization. It details the requirements, topology, structure, hardware components, IP addressing, and provides configuration screenshots. Testing and maintenance schedules are also included.

Uploaded by

Hlyn Hlyn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 34

HND - 56 Aung Bo Bo Hein

Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 2
Design for Effective Network System ................................................................................... 2
Blueprints of the System ................................................................................................. 2
Implementation Steps ....................................................................................................... 2
Requirement analysis ..................................................................................................... 2
Topology selection ......................................................................................................... 3
Structure ....................................................................................................................... 3
Hardware components and cabling ................................................................................. 6
IP address range for each department ............................................................................. 7
Implementation screenshot ............................................................................................ 8
Feedback........................................................................................................................ 10
Testing............................................................................................................................ 12
Ping from Admin Department ........................................................................................ 12
Ping from HR Department ............................................................................................. 13
Ping from IT Department ............................................................................................... 14
Ping from Accounting Department ................................................................................. 15
File server Testing......................................................................................................... 16
Enable DHCP service on PC .......................................................................................... 18
Maintenance schedule .................................................................................................... 19
Computer hardware maintenance ................................................................................. 19
Network maintenance .................................................................................................. 21
Server maintenance ..................................................................................................... 23
Potential enhancement for the system .............................................................................. 26
Reflection & Conclusion .................................................................................................. 29
Reference ....................................................................................................................... 32

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Introduction
My name is Aung Bo Bo Hein. I am a network engineer at a high-tech networking
solution development company. This report is about a project that I recently got
for developing a network for a small organization, “EverGreen Corporation”.
There will be explanation of the whole network design that I created for this
system including the blueprint for the design, structure, components usage, and
any others including maintenance schedule and potential enhancement for the
system.

Design for Effective Network System


Blueprints of the System

Implementation Steps
Requirement analysis: In order to implement network design based on the
requirement of “EverGreen Corporation”, I gathered the requirements for the
system first.

Here are the requirements of the system,

• There are 2 floors (ground floor and 1 st floor)

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• Network is separated in these 2 floors


• On the ground floor, there are “Admin” department (15 PC) and “HR”
department (10PC)
• On the 1st floor, there are “IT” department (20PC) and “Account”
department (5 laptop)
• And 2 types of servers for the networking system, DHCP server and file
server.

Topology selection: As for the topology, I chose star topology as it is easy to


maintain and effective for small network systems. And can easily scale the
network as the network system growth and it’s cost effectiveness.

Structure: The network system is in the form of a star topology by connecting


all the nodes (PCs) in a department to the central node (switch). And connecting
all the switches connect to the router which is place between ground and first
floor to enable the connection for all the devices in the system.

On the ground floor, there are 2 departments, “Admin” and “HR”.

• All the PCs from “Admin” department connect to “Switch-Admin”,


central nodes.
• All the PCs from “HR” department connect to “Switch-HR”, central
nodes.
• And these two central nodes (switches) are connected to the “Switch-
groundFloor”
• And also there is a DHCP server on the ground floor.

The following is the picture of two departments from ground floor, Admin and HR

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Picture of DHCP server on the ground floor. And “Switch-groundfloor” which is


the main switch for ground floor.

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On the first floor, there are 2 departments, “IT” and “Accounting”

• All the PCs from “IT” department connect to “Switch-IT”, central


nodes.
• As for the “Account” department, I decided to use Wireless Access
Point to connect 5 laptops. Using wireless access points can be cost
effective and easy to scale the network by just adding a new node
without requiring any cables setup. And wireless access points is
connected to the “Switch-Account”
• And these two nodes (switches) are connected to the “Switch-
firstFloor”.
• There is a File server on the first floor.

And a router is placed between ground floor and first floor which will be connected
by “Switch-groundFloor” and “Switch-firstFloor”.

The following is the picture of two departments from first floor, IT and Accounting

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Picture of File server on the first floor. And “Switch-firstfFloor” which is the main
switch for first floor.

The picture of router that are connected by two main switches, “Switch-
groundFloor” and “Switch-firstFloor”.

Note: Two servers, DHCP server (on the ground floor) and file server (on the first
floor) are connected to switches for each floor and provide services to all the
devices in the system.

Hardware components and cabling

Hardware Qty Purpose


Switch 2960 3 In order to connect multiple devices and enable
24TT connection between them. Switch 2960 24 port are used
because of its sufficient number of ports.

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Switch-PT 2 To connect departments from each floor

Access Point 1 For “Account” department in order to connect multiple


PT devices wirelessly

1941 Router 1 Place between ground floor and first floor to connect
devices and create a seamless communication and
efficient data transmission.
DHCP server 1 For automatically configuring IP address to devices

File server 1 For centrally uploading,sharing and updating files in the


system

Among types of cable (Ethernet twisted pair cable, coxial cable, fiber optic
cable), I choose twisted pair cable (Cat6 or Cat6a) which has become a popular
choice due to its high performance, reliability and cost effectiveness. So that it is
the most suitable cable type for this small network system.

IP address range for each department

Components IP address Gateway


Devices on the Ground floor 192.168.10.10 ~ 192.168.10.1
192.168.10.50

Devices on the first floor 192.168.20.10 ~ 192.168.20.1


192.168.20.50
DHCP server (On the ground 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.1
floor)

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File server (On the first floor) 192.168.20.2 192.168.20.1

Implementation screenshot

DHCP Configuration

DHCP server IP configuration

DHCP server pool for ground floor

DHCP server pool for first floor

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File Server Configuration

IP configuration of file server

Configure FTP on file server

Router Configuration

Router ports IP configuration


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For gig0/1

For gig0/0

Configure for DHCP request on the router gig0/0 port

Feedback
After finishing the network design, I asked for feedbacks of my network
design from three people. The following are feedback screenshots
Feedback from Ko Phone Htet Myat

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Feedback from Ko Aung Ye Chain

Feedback from Ko Hlyan Htet Toe

According to the feedback, I can clearly see the strengths and weaknesses
of my design.
Firstly, three of them mentioned the clear, simple and cost-effectiveness.
And placing router between 2 floors to separate the network and IP address
enables the ease of maintenance and troubleshooting for my network system.
And also it will be helpful for centralized management of the network.
Additionally, the network design is scalability, redundancy and flexibility
according to the feedback. These are the overall superior point of my network
design.
However, there are also some areas for further consideration for the
network design. According to Ko Phone Htet Myat, the network design uses some
unnecessary resources. I think he means the term “profligate” is because of using
too many switches for each floor. As for a small organization, I should remove a
switch from each floor for budget saving based on the idea from Ko Phone Htet
Myat. And according to Ko Aung Ye Chain, putting more switches would be more
effective and safety. Because he thinks that complex cable configuration would
lead to fire hazard. The reason is when the network technician couldn’t handle
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the complex cable configuration and make it organized, cables would be touched
and create heat. Starting from that fire can be created.
That was from the two point of views of feedback from Ko Phone Htet Myat
and Ko Aung Ye Chain. Ko Phone Htet Myat from budget saving point of view and
Ko Aung Ye Chain from safety point of view. Personally, both of the idea has its
owns point. But using more switches to connect PC will cost a lot. But his point
of view will need to be considered when the organization grows and needs to add
more cables. It will be a point to be considerd at that time to ensure safety.

Testing
Ping from Admin Department

Ping from Admin Department (PC20) to Admin department (PC21)

Ping from Admin Department (PC34) to HR department (PC42)

Ping from Admin Department (PC34) to IT Department (PC61)

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Ping from Admin Department (PC34) to Account Department (laptop2)

Ping from HR Department

Ping from HR Department (PC41) to Admin Department (PC34)

Ping from HR Department (PC42) to HR Department (PC35)

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Ping from HR Department (PC41) to IT Department (PC61)

Ping from HR Department (PC41) to Accounting Department (Laptop2)

Ping from IT Department

Ping from IT Department (PC61) to Admin Department (PC21)

Ping from IT Department (PC61) to HR Department (PC42)

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Ping from IT Department (PC53) to IT Department (PC61)

Ping from IT Department (PC53) to Accounting Department (Laptop2)

Ping from Accounting Department

Ping from Accounting Department (laptop4) to Admin Department (PC20)

Ping from Accounting Department (laptop4) to HR Department (PC42)

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Ping from Accounting Department (laptop5) to IT Department (PC45)

Ping from Accounting Department (laptop5) to Accounting Department (Laptop2)

File server Testing

Created file

Connect file server

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Put file to File server

Access and read file from Admin Department PC

Access and read file from HR department PC

Access and read file from IT department PC

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Access and read file from Accounting Department laptop

Enable DHCP service on PC

PC34 from admin department

PC42 from HR department

PC61 from IT department

Laptop2 from Accounting department


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Maintenance schedule
In the real world, after finishing implementation of a network system, there
is a lot of support and maintenance to keep the system effective and works
properly after a long-term usage. Without proper maintenance, the system will
face a lot of failures and unexpected events that may even shut the system down.
So, the maintenance process is necessary for the networking system.

There will be three parts for maintenance schedule

• Computer hardware maintenance


• Network maintenance
• Server maintenance

Computer hardware maintenance

In this type of maintenance, it is specifically scheduled for computer


hardware devices in the system which is computer including motherboard and
integrated fan. In an organization, computers are working together to share
resources, data and files effectively and time saving. So that all the computers in
an organization need to be functioning and working properly. So that it is also
necessary to consider the maintenance of computer hardware daily, weekly,
monthly and annually.

Frequency Maintenance method Purpose

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Clean the dust annually By using dust cleaning Reduce the heat of
tools to remove and clean the computer while
dust inside computer running and boost
including circuit and performance.
internal fan
Check data weekly Check backup application In case of
backup to make or software that are unexpected failure
sure still doing installed in the computer or event, prevent
backup for the from losing critical
computer Inspect backup log files data in the
and trace the backup computer
status

Do practical test such as


perform test restore and
backup
Defragmentation monthly Delete unnecessary By freeing up disk
defragmented file by using space, it will help
built-in defragmentation faster and efficient
tool file access such as
read and write
operation. And
increase the overall
performance of the
computer
Troubleshooting monthly Troubleshoot by using To ensure every
software built-in diagnostic tools to software in the
identify issues and isolated computer is
potential causes. functioning and well
operation without
any issues.

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Troubleshooting monthly Check the hardware related To ensure every


hardware to the computer such as hardware in the
peripheral devices, cable, computer or outside
power source and of the computer
connector are properly such as peripheral
connected and working. devices and cables
are functioning and
And use built-in diagnostic well operation
tools or third-party without any issues.
diagnostic software to
troubleshoot
Check for Weekly or Update the software to the Ensure the computer
software update monthly latest version. software is updated
or update and accessing
software when update to date
new version is feature.
released
Update Operating - Update the latest OS of the Enhancing security
system computer features, fixing bugs
from the previous
OS version and
accessing new
features.
Virus scan weekly Install anti-virus software To protect computer
and let the software from malicious
perform automatic program such as
scanning or manually virus, malware and
scanning the virus. ransomware

Network maintenance
In the networking system, computers are connected to each other by
network connection in order to perform businesses operation such as sharing data,
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files and resources. A failure in network could bring the connection lost between
devices and delay works. So that network maintenance is also essential and
needs to be performed systematically.

Frequency Maintenance method Purpose


Check network weekly By pinging the devices To ensure that
configuration through routers and devices are
switches assigned to the
correct network
address such as ip
address, gateway
and so on. And for
preventing
network failure.
Cable checking Weekly or Inspect the cables To ensure a
monthly connection and check if reliable cable
there are damaged connection and
cables or broken minimize
connectors. downtime to
optimize the
Verify the usage of cable performance of
types by using the the networking
design documentation system.
and specification.

Use cable testing tools


to ensure the cable has
the connection and
working properly
Networking Weekly or Inspect networking To ensure all the
devices checking monthly devices such as routers, networking
switches, access points devices in the
and so on, checking that system function
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overheating, unusual properly and


noise and broken signs, minimize
etc. downtime.

And monitor devices


performance such as
traffic levels, bandwidth
utilization and so on.

Restore the faulty


devices with the new
one
Load balancing monthly Getting support from To optimize overall
network experts when network speed
the network speed of
the system starting to
get slower than usual
Monitor network Weekly or Use networking tools To ensure the
monthly and set up monitoring entire network has
server or configure no issues
monitoring networking
devices such as routers,
switches, servers and so
on to get the
information status from
devices in the system.

Server maintenance
In the system for small organizations, EverGreen Corporation, DHCP server
and file server are used DHCP server for assigning ip address automatically to
the devices in the system and file server for storing and sharing files in the system.

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So that the failure of these servers will have a big impact on the system. So that,
maintaining a server is also important.

Frequency Maintenance method Purpose


Check server daily Checking and accessing Enhance or
logs relevant server logs for maintain the
reviewing errors, warning. security of the
And troubleshoot the errors server
and enhance the security of
the server
Verify backup Daily or Verify that backup and To ensure the
weekly or restore data on the server reliability and
monthly is working properly by integrity of the
doing some practical tests. server that can
restored the file
anytime when
needed.
Monitor server daily Use built-in software to To ensure the
health and monitor and gather the optimal
temperature performance of the server performance of the
such as CPU usage, server
memory usage and other
activities.

Use sensors to detect the


temperature level of the
hardware server.
Review and - Check for updating server To ensure the
update server firmware and hardware to reliability and
hardware and latest version. security
firmware

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enhancement for
the server.
Penetration test Once in 6 Finding the security To find the
months weakness of the server by vulnerability and
using tools with the help of weakness of the
experts. server and system.
defragmentation monthly Check if there is any To optimize the
unnecessary storage usage overall
and remove. performance of the
server.
Clean server Once in 6 Get a cleaning service from To maintain the
months external vendors or optimal
cleaning experts. performance of the
server when the
time passes.
Cable managing monthly Checking cables Enable a clear
configuration and organize configuration and
cable to reduce the cable manageable
complexity. structure.

Check if there are damaged


cables that need to be
replaced.
Environment Daily or Check the server rooms Ensure the physical
checking weekly and environment where condition of the
servers are placed. server environment
Temperature, humidity, is fine and enable
airflow, cooling system, the optimal
security camera, alert, and operation of
also on that need to be servers.
checked carefully and think

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about the expected result


and protect it in advance.

Potential enhancement for the system


The current design that is created based on the requirement of the small
business organization is quite effective and budget-saving. But it is not perfect
for an organization when it's growth from several points of view and there are
some potential enhancements that can also be made in the future as the
organization growth. Here are some potential enhancements necessary for the
organization

• Segment departments
• Firewall configuration
• Set up wireless access point
• Installing repeater
• Proxy server configuration
• Configure redundant network
• Provide training to employees for cyber security awareness

Segment departments

As for the current network system, the whole system is in the same network
VLAN 1, which is the default VLAN from switches. So, all the devices in the
departments (Admin, HR, IT, Account) share the same network. This will affect
the performance of the system and the security. It is similar to the way that all
the people from the organization live in the same room with no privacy.

The smaller the network, the higher the performance. So that separating a
large network system into a smaller network will increase the performance of the
network by minimizing network congestion which can reduce unnecessary
network traffic. Moreover, from the point of view security, when a network
segment is infected malware or any other malicious program, the whole system
will not be affected

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So that, network need to be done segmentation by using VLAN. Each


department should be in a different VLAN. Network can be separated like VLAN
10, VLAN 20, VLAN 30, VLAN 40. And a router that is placed between ground
floor and first floor can be used to achieve communication between devices from
different VLAN (AdvancedNetworkProfessional,2022)(vmware,2022).

Firewall configuration

This is mainly from the standpoint of security of the network system.


Firewall plays a crucial role in network security, especially for business whether
it is small or large to protect critical data in the organization. Not only can the
firewall protect from external threads but also protect the network segments in
the local area network. There are many ways to implement firewalls. For instance,
configure a firewall in routers, switches, and use dedicated firewall hardware. It
has its own pros and cons. But as a small organization configuring a firewall in
routers or switches would be cost-effective.

There are switches for each department (such as Switch-Admin, Switch-HR,


Switch-IT, Switch-Account. But these switches are unmanged switch. In order to
cofigure firewall in the switch, manged switches need to be used int the system.
There is a main router between two floors. Firewall can be configured in these
components. But if the organization starting to grow, using dedicated firewall
hardware would be more effective.

Set up wireless access point

Wireless access points are more flexible than using cables. In the system,
Access points are only used in the account department. But in an organization,
there are a lot of mobile phones, laptops and tablets that are not connected to
the cables. For all the devices in the organization to access the network, wireless
access points should be used to enable the devices in the organization to access
the network.

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Installing repeater

In the network design, there is only one wireless access point in the
accounting department. In this case, by reconsidering the cost-effectiveness of
the network system, changing IT department into the wireless network will be a
point to be considered. But the idea of removing all the cables and switches
configuration and sharing only one wireless access point for the first floor (which
have two departments) will affect the performance of the network system. The
network signal could become weaker. So that using repeater in the IT
department and maintaining the signal strength by expending the network from
the Account Department will solve the problem.

Moreover, as from the above topic “Set up wireless access point” for the
whole organization can also decrease the performance of the network if adding 1
access point and connecting all the devices to that access point. In this case,
repeaters will come into place to expand and maintain the network signal from
the access point, then cover the whole organization. Adding repeaters can be
cost-effective. It will save a lot cost from add more cables, switches and routers
into the system. And also save the process of configure complex cable
configuration by using wireless point and extend the network to multiple devices.

Proxy server configuration

This is the optional enhancement for the network since firewall configuration was
already mentioned above. Setting up proxy server in the organization, will also
protect the network from external threads which acts like firewall. But there is
one more usage for proxy server. It enables private browsing. Moreover, prevent
employees from browsing unintended content by blocking websites through proxy
servers.

Configure redundant network

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In order to ensure the reliability of the network, redundant network is


necessary to be prepared in the case of unexpected network failure. The reasons
might be hardware failure and cable errors.

In the network design, there is no redundant hardware components are


being prepared. So that additional switches, routers and even redundant cables
are needed to be prepared. Additionally, there is one router between the ground
floor and first floor of the network. Using virtual router redundancy protocol on
routers for providing redundancy default gateway IP address. This will be useful
when the router fails. It can be replaced with another router seamlessly.

Provide training to employees for cyber security awareness

Cyber security awareness training for employees is also necessary. Because


in the organization, the network is used by every person. If they don’t have
enough security knowledge along with the modern time, the organization network
will have security vulnerability. Unawareness of employees may bring serious
cyber threads to the organization network. So that, in order to ensure the security
of the network system, should provide training, knowledge about cyber security
to the employees or people who use the network in the organization
(AdvancedNetworkProfessional,2022).

Reflection & Conclusion


I have finished the network system for EverGreen Corporation. In this
system, I implemented by considering from several points of view. I also gave
potential enhancement for the network. There are also maintenance schedule for
the network, server and hardware to maintain the effective usage of network.
Before actually implementing the network, I used cisco packet tracer to create
an effective network design for the organization. Using cisco packet tracer is not
only enable to create a design, but also enables to actually configure and test the
network. So that I can clearly see if my network design is working or not. It

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provides creating blueprint for the network system effectively and less errors in
the design stage.

Since the network system is targeted for the small organization, I mainly
focus on cost-effectiveness for the organization by using the resources effectively
such as without using any unnecessary hardware components and cables. I used
a wireless point for “Accounting” department on the first floor. But to save budget,
personally I think wireless network should be implemented on the first floor as I
mentioned in the potential enhancement. So that, it can reduce a lot of cost for
cables configuration. And I used routers in the middle of two floors. The idea of
using router is to separate the IP address for each floor. The IP address of ground
floor starts from 192.168.10.10 and first floor starts from 192.168.20.10. By
doing this I can clearly know which PC from ground floor and which pc from first
floor by looking at the IP address. And also in my design router become a central
node since main switch from two department is connected to router. So that it
will be in the form of star (Star Topology). The advantages of star topology is
enabling the centralized management of the network. And I also configured two
servers (DHCP server and File server) based on the requirement of the business.

After the design, I also prepared the maintenance schedule for the network.
It includes maintenance schedule for hardware devices, network and servers. So
that the organization can maintain the network by following the maintenance
schedule and maintain the performance of the network. I gave detailed
instructions for the maintenance schedule to ensure they can easily follow the
schedule and enable the stability of the network.

And finally, I provide some potential enhancement for the network system
in the consideration of near or further future for organization. The main idea of
potential enhancement is to focus on the time when the organization grows and
requires expending the network such as adding new pcs or laptops, expanding a
new department or new floor. In that situation, the enhancement list will help the
organization considering from the point of view of maintainability, scalability,
efficiency and security, and enable to expand the network by maintaining the
performance, stability and create a secure network.

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This is all I have done in the whole project of developing the network
system of EverGreen Corporation. I did well-researched to design and
implemented the network. I planned future enhancement for continuous
improvement and maintenance which ensure long-term effectiveness and
efficiency for the organization network.

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