Gastritis-PPT by Abdul Basit

Prepared by
Abdul Basit
Msc Ist Year
RGCN, Jammu
Gastritis, composed from the combination of ‘gastric’
(pertaining to the stomach) and ‘itis’ (indicating
inflammation), succinctly describes the inflammatory
condition affecting the mucosa of the stomach.
 The inflammation of Gastric/Stomach mucosa is called
as Gastrits.
 From outermost to innermost, the layers of the stomach
are :
 Serosa
 Muscularis externa
 Submucosa
 Mucosa
Therefore in Gastritis innermost layer of
stomach gets mainly damaged. In severe forms of
gastritis or due to recurrent episodes of gastritis the
damage can sometimes transcend beyond serosa too.
Based on onset, Gastritis is classified into :
 Acute Gastritis : Its onset is sudden , and lasts for short
period of time (From several days to few hours)
 Chronic Gastritis : Its onset is very slow. It occurs very
slowly overtime but lasts for very long period of time
(usually from several months to years.
It results from repeated exposure to irritating agents
or recurring episodes of Acute Gastrits .
In most of the cases Gastrits is not serious and
improves quickly with time. But in some cases it can also
lead to many complications like ulcers or Gastric cancer
etc.
Based on cause,Gastritis can be classified into:
 Non Erosive Gastritis: When the cause of gastritis is
Helicobacter Pylori, it is classified as Non-erosive
Gastritis
 Erosive Gastritis: When the cause of Gastritis is long
term use of Non steroid Anti inflammatory Drugs
(NSAID’s), it is classified as Erosive Gastritis
Helicobacter Pylori :
 H. Pylori is Gram negative, motile flagellated helical
Bacterium.
 H. Pylori multiplies in mucus layer of stomach despite of
very strong gastric acid present there. (Gastric Ph : 1.5-2.0)
 The H.Pylori secrete an enzyme calle as ‘UREASE’ which
converts Urea to Ammonia (Strongly Basic in nature with
Ph of 11-12).
 The H.Pylori covers itself with that Ammonia
which protects them from strong Gastric acid and starts
multiplying itself.
 As H.Pylori multiplies, it starts eating the Stomach
tissue, which leads to Gastritis
NSAIDS :
 Long term use of NSAIDS like Ibuprofen , Diclofenac
etc can cause Gastritis
Alchol abuse or long term exposure to Radiation
therapies :
Alchol can irritate and erode your stomach lining,
which makes stomach more vulnerable to digestive
juice.
Ischemia :
 When blood flow in the rich gastric vasculature is
disrupted, ischemic Gastritis to stomach occurs
Initiation of irritants
Initiation of irritants
Damage to Mucosal Barrier
Activation of Inflammatory Responses
Immune cell Infiltration
Tissue Edema and Hyperemia
Compromised Mucosal Defense
Ulcer Formation
Patient experience different symptoms.

 Abdominal Pain.
 Nausea and Vomiting.
 Loss of appetite.
 Heart Burn.
 Hiccups.
 Dark Stool ( Malena )
 Weakness and Fatigue.
 Pernicious Anemia : Patients with chronic gastritis may not
be able to absorb Vitamin B12 because of diminished
production of Intrinsic factor, which may lead to Pernicious
Anemia.
 Hematoemesis.
 Past Medical History.
 Physical Examination : Check for abdominal tenderness ,
bloating or discomfort etc
 Lab tests :
 Blood Tests: Blood tests, like CBC or Tests for
specific markers like H.pylori Infection.
 Stool Tests: Stool tests may be done to check for
the presence of H.Pylori infection.
 Imaging :
 Endoscopy: Direct visualization of the stomach lining to
assess inflammation and take Biopsies.
 Antibiotics for eradicating H.Pylori Infection. Eg,
Amoxicllin, Clarithromycin, Tetracycline.
 H2 Receptor Antagonists: To decrease the amount of
Hcl production by stomach by blocking action of
histamine on histamine receptors of parietal cells of
stomach. Eg Famitidine , Ranitide etc
 Proton Pump Inhibitors: Also given to decrease acid
production eg Omprazole, Pantoprazole,Rabeprozle
etc.
 Surgical Management is usually reserved for severe
cases of Gastritis when other treatments fail.
 Proceduce may include Partial Gastrectomy (Partial
removal of affected part of stomach) , but surgery is not
first line approach of Gastritis
 Nursing management of gastritis primarily involves supportive
care and lifestyle modifications. Nurses often focus on:
 Medication Administration:
 Administering prescribed medications, such as proton pump
inhibitors (PPIs) or H2 blockers, to reduce stomach acid
production and promote healing.
 Monitoring Vital Signs:
 Regularly monitoring vital signs to assess the patient's overall
condition and response to treatment.
 Nutritional Support:
 Encouraging a bland diet, smaller meals, and avoiding irritants
like spicy foods or alcohol to minimize gastric irritation.
 Fluid Balance:
 Ensuring adequate hydration and monitoring fluid
balance, especially in cases of vomiting or diarrhea.
 Patient Education:
 Providing education on medication adherence, dietary
changes, and lifestyle modifications to manage and
prevent future episodes.
 Pain Management:
 Administering pain relief as needed and assessing pain
levels to optimize patient comfort.
 Emotional Support: Offering emotional support and
addressing any anxiety or stress that may exacerbate
symptoms
 Complications of gastritis can include:
 Peptic ulcers
 Anemia
 Strictures
 Gastric Polyps
 Increased risk of Gastric Cancer

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Prepared by

Damage to Mucosal Barrier

Activation of Inflammatory Responses

Immune cell Infiltration

Tissue Edema and Hyperemia

Compromised Mucosal Defense

Patient experience different symptoms.

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