Disusun Oleh Kelompok 8

Disusun Oleh
Kelompok 8 :
Sania Oktaviani (0432950316032)
Sri Lestari Wahyuni (0432950316034)
Suci Istiqomah (0432950316036)
Teges Aderiani (0432950316038)
Program Studi S1 Keperawatan
STIKES BANI SALEH
BEKASI
1. Definisi
Gastritis or better known as maag derived from the Greek gastro which
means stomach and itis which means inflammation / inflammation. Gastritis is
inflammatory processes in the mucosa and submucosa of the stomach or
disorders health caused by factors irritation and infection.
Gastritis is a general term for a group of conditions with one thing in

common: inflammation of the lining of the stomach. The inflammation of
gastritis is most often the result of infection with the same bacterium that
causes most stomach ulcers. Regular use of certain pain relievers and drinking
too much alcohol also can contribute to gastritis.
Gastritis may occur suddenly (acute gastritis), or appear slowly over time
(chronic gastritis). In some cases, gastritis can lead to ulcers and an increased
risk of stomach cancer. For most people, however, gastritis isn't serious and
improves quickly with treatment.
2. Pathophysiology
Acute Gastritis
Acute gastritis can be caused by stress, chemicals for example drugs and
alcohol, spicy foods, hot or sour. The presence of HCL in the stomach will
cause nausea, vomiting and anorexia.
Chemical substances or stimulating foods will cause cells column

epithelium, which serves to produce mucus, reduces production. While the
mucus function to protect the mucosa stomach so as not to participate
undigested. Gastric mucosal response due to decreased mucus secretion varies
among them vasodilatation of mucosal cells gastric pain. The gastric mucosal
layer is a cell that produces HCL (especially the fundal area) and blood
vessels. Vasodilatation of gastric mucosa will lead to increased HCL
production. Anorexia can also becausing pain. The pain is caused by contact
HCL with gastric mucosa.
Chronic Gastritis
Helicobacter Pylori is a gram negative bacteria. This organism attacking

gastric surface cells, exacerbating the onset of cell desquamation and a chronic
inflammatory response to gastritis develops: glandular destruction and
metaplasia. Metaplasia is one of the body's defense mechanisms to irritation, ie
by replacing gastric mucosal cells, for example with stronger desquamosa cells.
Because desquamosa cells are stronger then the elasticity is also reduced.
When digesting food. The stomach performs peristaltic movement but because
of its successor cell not elastic it will arise the stiffness in the end cause pain.
This metaplasia also causes damage blood vessels of the mucosal lining. This
blood vessel damage will cause bleeding (Price, 2006).
3. Risk factors
Factors that increase your risk of gastritis include:
 Bacterial infection. Although infection with Helicobacter pylori is

among the most common worldwide human infections, only some
people with the infection develop gastritis or other upper
gastrointestinal disorders. Doctors believe vulnerability to the
bacterium could be inherited or could be caused by lifestyle choices,
such as smoking and diet.
 Regular use of pain relievers. Common pain relievers — such as
aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen (Aleve,
Anaprox) — can cause both acute gastritis and chronic gastritis. Using
these pain relievers regularly or taking too much of these drugs may
reduce a key substance that helps preserve the protective lining of your
stomach.
 Older age. Older adults have an increased risk of gastritis because the
stomach lining tends to thin with age and because older adults are
more likely to have H. pylori infection or autoimmune disorders than
younger people are.
 Excessive alcohol use. Alcohol can irritate and erode your stomach
lining, which makes your stomach more vulnerable to digestive juices.
Excessive alcohol use is more likely to cause acute gastritis.
 Stress. Severe stress due to major surgery, injury, burns or severe
infections can cause acute gastritis.
 Your own body attacking cells in your stomach. Called autoimmune
gastritis, this type of gastritis occurs when your body attacks the cells
that make up your stomach lining. This reaction can wear away at your
stomach's protective barrier. Autoimmune gastritis is more common in
people with other autoimmune dnnnnn[p -isorders, including
Hashimoto's disease and type 1 diabetes. Autoimmune gastritis can
also be associated with vitamin B-12 deficiency.
 Other diseases and conditions. Gastritis may be associated with other
medical conditions, including HIV/AIDS, Crohn's disease and parasitic
infections.
4. Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of gastritis include:
 Gnawing or burning ache or pain (indigestion) in your upper abdomen

that may become either worse or better with eating
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 A feeling of fullness in your upper abdomen after eating
 Gastritis doesn't always cause signs and symptoms.
Symptoms of gastritis vary among individuals, and in many people there are
no symptoms. However, the most common symptoms include:
 Nausea or recurrent upset stomach

 Abdominal bloating
 Abdominal pain
 Vomiting
 Indigestion
 Burning or gnawing feeling in the stomach between meals or at night
 Hiccups
 Loss of appetite
 Vomiting blood or coffee ground-like material
 Black, tarry stools
5. How to diagnose gastritis

your doctor will review your personal and family medical history,
perform a thorough physical evaluation, and may recommend any of the
following tests:
 Upper endoscopy. An endoscope, a thin tube containing a tiny camera,

is inserted through your mouth and down into your stomach to look at
the stomach lining. The doctor will check for inflammation and may
perform a biopsy, a procedure in which a tiny sample of tissue is
removed and then sent to a laboratory for analysis.
 Blood tests. The doctor may perform various blood tests, such as
checking your red blood cell count to determine whether you have
anemia, which means that you do not have enough red blood cells. He
or she can also screen for H. pylori infection and pernicious anemia
with blood tests.
 Fecal occult blood test (stool test). This test checks for the presence of
blood in your stool, a possible sign of gastritis.
6. Treatment for gastritis usually involves:

 Taking antacids and other drugs (such as proton pump inhibitors or H-2
blockers) to reduce stomach acid
 Avoiding hot and spicy foods
 For gastritis caused by H. pylori infection, your doctor will prescribe a
regimen of several antibiotics plus an acid blocking drug (used for
heartburn)
 If the gastritis is caused by pernicious anemia, B12 vitamin shots will be
given.
 Eliminating irritating foods from your diet such as lactose from dairy or
gluten from wheat
 Once the underlying problem disappears, the gastritis usually does, too.
 You should talk to your doctor before stopping any medicine or starting
any gastritis treatment on your own.
Daftar Pustaka
Angkow, Julia, dkk. 2014. Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan
dengan Kejadian Gastritis di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bahu Kota
Manado. Manado
Darmawan, Wisnu Dwi. 2014. Asuhan Keperawatan pada Pasien
dengan Gastritis. Palembang.

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Disusun Oleh

Sania Oktaviani (0432950316032)

Sri Lestari Wahyuni (0432950316034)

Suci Istiqomah (0432950316036)

Teges Aderiani (0432950316038)

Program Studi S1 Keperawatan

STIKES BANI SALEH

Gastritis is a general term for a group of conditions with one thing in

Chemical substances or stimulating foods will cause cells column

Helicobacter Pylori is a gram negative bacteria. This organism attacking

Factors that increase your risk of gastritis include:

 Bacterial infection. Although infection with Helicobacter pylori is

The signs and symptoms of gastritis include:

 Gnawing or burning ache or pain (indigestion) in your upper abdomen

 Nausea or recurrent upset stomach

5. How to diagnose gastritis

 Upper endoscopy. An endoscope, a thin tube containing a tiny camera,

6. Treatment for gastritis usually involves:

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