BAB I

PRONOUN
(KATA GANTI)
A.DEFINITION
Pronoun is part of the part of speech that is used to replace nouns such as
names of people, animals, and other nouns. And as we know that noun can be
replace by pronoun. So that there are no repetitions of nouns.

B.PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY

The purpose of this study :
a. To explain about pronouns correctly
b. To use pronouns in the right sentences

C.LEARNING MATERIALS

● Definition : Pronoun is a word used to replace a noun in a sentence. So,

that there are no repetition of nouns in a sentences.

● Types of pronouns :

Subject Objective Possessive Possessive Reflexive

Personal Personal Pronoun as Pronouns Pronouns
Pronouns Pronoun Adjective
I Me My Mine Myself
You You Your Yours Yourself/
yourselves
They Them Their Theirs Themselves
We Us Our Ours ourselves
She Her Her Hers Herself
He Him His His Himself
It It Its Its Itself
a. Subject Personal Pronouns (Kata ganti orang)
A personal pronoun refers to a specific person or thing and changes its form to
indicate person, things, and another specific. This pronoun indicates that the pronoun
is acting as the subject of the sentence. The personal pronouns are : I, You, They,
We, She, He, It
For example :
- You are hungry = kamu lapar.
- I like dancing = saya suka menari.
- We will meet at the class at 7:30 a.m = Kita akan bertemu di kelas pada pukul 7.30
pagi.
b. Objective Personal Pronoun
An objective personal pronoun indicates that pronoun is acting as an object of a
verb, compound verb, preposition or infinitive phrase. The objective personal pronoun
are : Me, You, Them, Us, Her, Him, It
For example :
- I like you = saya menyukaimu
- He gives me a bouquet of red roses = Dia memberikan saya sebuket bunga mawar
merah
- She will tell the truth to them = Dia akan memberitahukan kebenarannya kepada
mereka
c. Possessive Pronoun as Adjective (Kata ganti kepunyaan sebagai kata sifat)
Possessive pronoun as adjective is an adjective to express a possession
which is the ownership of the subject. The possessive pronoun as adjective are : My,
Your, Their, Our, Her, His, Its
For example :
- That is my pen = Itu adalah pulpenku
- Her mother bought a slice of pizza yesterday = Ibunya membeli sepotong pizza
kemarin
- Welcome to our new house = Selamat datang di rumah baru kami
d. Possessive Pronoun
Possessive pronoun indicates that pronoun is acting as a marker of possession
and defines who owns a particular object or person. Usually, the possessive pronoun
 is placed at the end of sentence. The possessive pronoun are : Mine, Yours, Theirs,
Ours, Hers, His, Its.
For example :
- This house is mine = Rumah ini kepunyaanku
- The bigger gift is yours = Hadiah besar ini milikmu
- This book belong to hers = Buku ini miliknya

e. Reflexive Pronoun
Reflexive Pronoun use to refer back to the subject of the clause or sentence.
The reflexive pronouns are : Myself, Yourself, Yourselves, Themselves, Ourselves,
Herself, Himself, itself
For example :
- I do it by myself = Aku melakukannya dengan diriku sendiri
- She washed a clothes herself = Dia mencuci bajunya dengan dirinya sendiri
- We proud of ourselves = Kami bangga dengan diri kami sendiri

D. EXAMPLE
Look at this example :
a. Her mother bake a cake for birthday party
In this sentence above means that “Ibunya memanggang kue untuk pesta
ulang tahun” where “Her” is an example of possessive pronoun as an adjective
which states ownership which means it belongs to her women
b. Randy gave himself a new motorcycle as birthday present
In this sentence above means that “Randy memberikan dirinya sendiri motor
sebagai hadiah ulang tahun”. The word “Randy” and “himself” is the same person
so it explain something that is done to oneself.

E.TIPS AND TRICK

- Subject Pronoun : I, You, they, we, she , he , it
Rule : use a subject pronoun not only as the subject of a sentence but after to be verbs
when the pronoun renames the subject.
Example : They are my friends
They are the subject of the sentence, so use a subject pronoun.
- Object Pronoun : Me, you, them, us, her, his , it
Rule : Use an object pronoun when the pronoun is the direct object, the indirect
object, or object of the preposition
Example :
a. Rachel met him at the beach ( Him is the direct object)
b. Rachel will give him his money back (Him is an indirect object because you
can mentally put the word to in front of it. Money is the direct object)
c. Between you and me, this will never work (You and me are the objects of the
preposition between)
- Possessive Pronoun : mine, yours, theirs, ours, hers, his, its
Rule : to describe single object or more than one.
Example : The cat is mine.
- Reflexive Pronoun : Myself, yourself/yourselves, themselves, ourselves, herself,
himself, itself
Rule : as a direct object when the object is the same as the subject
Example : He was feeling very sorry for himself
F. EXERCISE
Please answer this question carefully!
1. These books are ….
a. Them
b. Theirs
c. Their
d. My
e. Me
2. It is ….. car
a. He
b. His
c. Him
d. She
e. You
3. ….. tell us a story
a. Their
b. Them
c. They
d. Me
e. I
4. ….. are good friends
a. We
b. Us
c. Our
d. She
e. He
5. I looked at …… in the mirror
a. Me
b. Myself
c. My
d. Ourselves
e. Our
7. DISCUSSION
1. These books are ….
a. Them
b. Theirs
c. Their
d. My
e. Me
Answer : B
Discussion : In this sentence it shows ownership and explain who owns a particular
object which mean is possessive pronoun so the answer is “theirs”. Because in option
A and E is show the objective personal pronoun as the objective of the verb. And in
option C and D, it is a possessive pronoun as adjective which shows the ownership of
the subject being referred to.

2. It is ….. car
a. He
b. His
c. Him
d. She
e. You
Answer : B
Discussion : In this sentence it refers to a possessive pronoun as an adjective, because
it shows an adjective which expresses ownership which is the ownership of the
subject and in the word “car” becomes the object. Then, in option A, D, E which are
subject personal pronouns which are used as the subject of a sentence. Whereas in
option C it is an objective personal pronoun where “him” is supposed to be the object
being discussed and it is usually at the end of the sentence.

3. ….. tell me a story

a. Their
b.Them
c. They
d. Me
e. I
Answer : C
Discussion : In this sentence refers to the subject personal pronoun, because it shows
the specific person and as the subject in a sentence. Because the sentence above
doesn’t have a subject, so we don’t know who told us a story. Option E is also a
subject personal pronoun, however the sentence becomes inappropriate if “I “ is used
as a subject there, it becomes “Saya memberitahukan kami suatu cerita”. Then option
B and D are objective personal pronouns which should be the object of the verb. And
then, in option A is a possessive pronoun as an adjective where “their” is used to
express the belonging of the subject.

4. ….. are good friends

a. We
b. Us
c. Our
d. She
e. He
Answer : A
Discussion : This is same like question number 3. This sentence is refers to subject
personal pronoun, because the sentence above doesn’t have a subject, so we don’t
know who are good friends. In option D and E are a also subject personal pronoun,
subject “She” and “He” are using to be “is” but in this sentence using to be “are” so
its mean more than one people/things. In option B is an objective personal pronoun
which is used as the object of the verb. Then, in option C is a possessive pronoun as
an adjective which is used as a possession which the ownership of the subject.

5. I looked at …… in the mirror

a. Me
b. Myself
c. My
d. Ourselves
e. Our
Answer : B
Discussion : In this sentences is one of the uses in a reflexive pronoun where it is
used to show back the subject of a sentence. Where in this sentence use subject “I” so
its reflexive pronoun is “Myself”, so in this sentence means “Saya melihat diri saya
sendiri pada cermin”. In option D, it is also a reflexive but ourselves means “diri
kami sendiri” that is for subject “we”. Then, in option C and E it is a possessive
pronoun as an adjective which is used for ownership of a subject. Then, in option A is
an objective personal pronoun where it is used as the object of a verb.