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Intro To Bash Scripting

This document provides an introduction to Bash scripting. It discusses basic arithmetic in Bash, variables, user input, logic and conditional statements. It shows how to perform calculations, assign and modify variables, get user input, and use if/else statements in Bash scripts.

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takuminft
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© © All Rights Reserved
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20 views

Intro To Bash Scripting

This document provides an introduction to Bash scripting. It discusses basic arithmetic in Bash, variables, user input, logic and conditional statements. It shows how to perform calculations, assign and modify variables, get user input, and use if/else statements in Bash scripts.

Uploaded by

takuminft
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO BASH SCRIPTING

Bash Programming
• Bash Programming Language can perform basic arithmetic operations.
• Create a new file named math.sh in ~/ directory.
• Open the file in your preferred text editor.
• Type the following code into math.sh:

%%sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# File: math.sh

expr 5 + 2
expr 5 - 2
expr 5 \* 2
expr 5 / 2

Bash Programming
• Save the file and run the script in your shell:

%%sh
bash math.sh

• Expected Output:

7
3
10
2

• Explanation:
• Bash executes programs line by line.
• expr evaluates Bash expressions.
• Arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /) work as expected.
• Use \* to escape the multiplication operator.

Variables
• Variables in Bash can store data.
• Naming conventions for variables:
• Lowercase letters.
• Start with a letter.
• Alphanumeric characters and underscores.
• Words separated by underscores.
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• Example of variable assignment:

%%sh
chapter_number=5

Variables
• Print the value of a variable:

%%sh
echo $chapter_number

• Modify variable value using arithmetic operators:

%%sh
let chapter_number=$chapter_number+1

• Variables can store strings:

%%sh
the_empire_state="New York"

• Command substitution:

%%sh
math_lines=$(cat math.sh | wc -l)
echo $math_lines

• Free variables in Bash scripts:


• $@: Array of script arguments.
• $1, $2, …: Individual arguments.
• #: Total number of arguments.
• Example script using script arguments:

%%sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# File: vars.sh

echo "Script arguments: $@"


echo "First arg: $1. Second arg: $2."
echo "Number of arguments: $#"
# usage: sh var.sh 1 2 4 5

User Input
• read command: Accept user input in scripts.
• Example script using read:

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%%sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# File: letsread.sh

echo "Type in a string and then press Enter:"


read response
echo "You entered: $response"

Logic and If/Else


• Logic operations and conditional statements in Bash.
• Example of if/else statement:

%%sh
if [ condition ]; then
# code block
else
# code block
fi

• Example script using if/else:

%%sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# File: ifelse.sh

echo "Enter a number:"


read num
if [ $num -gt 10 ]; then
echo "Number is greater than 10."
else
echo "Number is not greater than 10."
fi

Logic and If/Else


In Bash, there are six relational operators for number comparison:

• -eq: Checks if two numbers are equal


• -ne: Checks if two numbers are not equal
• -gt: Checks if the first number is greater than the second number
• -lt: Checks if the first number is less than the second number
• -ge: Checks if the first number is greater than or equal to the second number
• -le: Checks if the first number is less than or equal to the second number

Comparing Multiple Numbers


• Comparing more than two numbers in Bash involves nested if statements or
using logical operators like && (AND) and || (OR).
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• Let’s look at an example where we compare three numbers to find the largest:

%%sh
#!/usr/bin bash
num1=7
num2=12
num3=9

if [ "$num1" -ge "$num2" ] && [ "$num1" -ge "$num3" ]; then


echo "$num1 is the largest number"
elif [ "$num2" -ge "$num1" ] && [ "$num2" -ge "$num3" ]; then
echo "$num2 is the largest number"
else
echo "$num3 is the largest number"
fi

References
• https://seankross.com/the-unix-workbench/

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