15.

Maps

Vocab:
1) traditional/physical/paper/paper-based maps
>< modern/digital/mobile versions
2) use, read, look at, check, turn to
Follow instructions
3) navigation = finding directions
4) have a good sense of directions
>< have a poor sense of directions
5) get lost in unfamiliar places
1. Do you often use maps?
Yes, very often, indeed.
Otherwise
I haven’t read a physical map
Shortcut to my destination
Unfamiliar places [c]
Such a marvelous/wonderful tool
2. What is the difference between mobile maps and paper maps?
The former
The latter
Better = superior
There’re a couple of difference that I can think of
That I can mention
Interactive
Real-time updates
Useful in situations without the internet
Nowadays
Orientation
Convenient
High-tech features
Voiced instruction
Super-handy
Do some map reading
Suggest the best route to take
Cumbersome
3. Who taught you how to use maps?
Become more adept/good at
Hands-on/practical experience
View the map properly
Self-taught
It’s no rocket science
16. Health
1. How do you keep healthy?
Engage in
Do exercise as much as possible
Balanced diet
Limit my intake of
Recharge again
Eat clean
We’re what we eat
Make a point of doing sth = make an effort to do sth
Resist temptations
Sedentary lifestyle
I haven’t done exercise as much as I should
2. What are your favorite sports?
Racket sport
Endurance
Agility
Competitive or athletic
Singles or doubles just for fun
Physically active
A workout aficionado
Also
besides
help me expanding my circle of friends

3. Are there health classes in your school?

Develop
In addition
Secondary
Health-conscious
Should have used
4. What sports help people stay healthy?
Assist our health better and better
‘Regulate /ˈreɡ.jə.leɪt/
Breathing /ˈbriː.ðɪŋ/
There’re many sports out there that are great for our health, but I think one of the
healthiest and most accessible option must be jogging.
5. Is it easy for people to exercise in your country?
Breeze
Athletically inclined
Struggle
Physical activities
Relatively/rather/quite/low-key easy
Recreational
Sailing or boat paddling
These activities are good for their health
🌸 PART 2:
+ Come up with an idea for the following cue card:
Describe a rule that is important in your school or at work.
You should say:
what the rule is about
what happens when people break the rule
why you think it is an important rule
And explain how you feel about the rule.
I'm gonna talk about one of the most important rules in my school. It's all about
regular attendance.
As far as the rule goes, all students are required to attend school regularly to
thoroughly understand the lesson. You know, lessons tend to be interconnected in
the curriculum. If students fail to show up for just a few of them, chances are that
they will fall behind. So, it's quite understandable for schools to impose such a
regulation for all students in most cases, except for sickness, family problems and
other serious contingencies, of course.
In my school, there's a zero tolerance policy for those who break that rule. Any
students who skip a class for no apparent reasons will receive a verbal warning and
have their performance marked down. If the problem persists, their parents will be
contacted by the school and they will run the risk of expulsion.
To be honest, I used to dislike that rule myself as there were also times when I felt
too lazy to go to school. But for fear of facing these consequences, I was hardly
ever absent from school. So, I think the rule is really necessary to keep students
motivated and in line. Otherwise, many of them will just play truant to indulge in
recreational activities and don't take school seriously at all.

🌸 Part 3:
1. What rules should children abide by at home in your country?
Stall
Of course, household rules may vary a lot from one family to another, but for the
most part,
Watch their language and behavior
Otherwise they will get scolded
Curfews are imposed
Guardians

+ household rules
Respect to older people is paramount
Set a limit on their children’s screen time
Age
The latter
Relationships
9 p.m or so
Say a greeting
2. What rules should people obey in public transportation?
Adhere to
Queue
Stinky = smelly
Passengers

1. What rules should children abide by at home in your country?

Of course, household rules may vary a lot from one family to another, but for the
most part, children are taught to show respect for older members. They have to
watch their language and behavior around their parents and grandparents,
otherwise they will get scolded. Also, very likely, curfews are imposed on children
to make sure that they come back home before it gets late. This allows their
guardians to keep track of their activities and have some peace of mind.
2. What rules should people obey in public transportation?
When waiting to get on a public transport, people have to queue. It's really
annoying when people cut the line, right? Another regulation to be implemented is
no smoking. Public transit users gotta be banned from smoking, otherwise public
vehicles will be really stinky and that's not to mention the detrimental health
impact of smoke on non-smoking passengers.
The diagram shows the life cycle of the honey bee.

The picture given illustrates the way in which honey bees develop during their life
cycle.

Looking at the illustration, it is immediately evident that the development of the

honey bee is a natural cyclical process that lasts between 34 and 36 days.
Additionally, there are a total of five stages involved in that process, beginning
with laying eggs and culminating in the full growth of honey bees.

In the first stage, female honey bees lay one to two eggs at three-day intervals.
Between 9 and 10 days later, the eggs start to hatch and creatures called nymphs
wriggle their way out of egg shells. The molting of the nymph then takes place
three times, with the creature growing bigger each time. Specifically, five days
after the hatching of eggs, the nymph sheds its skin for the first time. This happens
again 7 days later and another 9 days later.

In the fourth stage, young adult bees appear. It takes these bees four days to reach
maturity when they are significantly larger in size. The cycle begins anew when
these insects are fully grown and ready to reproduce.
 QUESTION TYPE: PROS AND CONS
TOPIC: GAP YEAR

Some school leavers travel or work for a period of time instead of going directly to
university. What are the advantages or disadvantages for their study?
It is a well-known fact that some high school graduates have increasingly chosen to
take a gap year for travelling or working. Despite some obvious drawbacks
associated with this trend, it is not without overwhelming benefits.
On the one hand, there are two primary disadvantages of taking a bridge year.
First, since most of the students take a long break for the first time after years of
continuous study, they might risk indulging themselves in frivolous pursuits during
their travel and lose momentum. As a result, they might be reluctant to come back,
especially when they no longer have a feeling for studying. Second, upon leaving
high school, students are still young and inexperienced. This means many of them
are likely to end up undertaking low-paid, intellectually undemanding jobs such as
servers instead of landing jobs where they can apply the knowledge they have
learned in school.
On the other hand, the advantages of the trend towards having a gap year before
university cannot be denied. By travelling and exploring the world, the young have
a chance to step out of their comfort zone and broaden their horizons. In fact, most
of the students potentially acquire novel experiences, get exposed to fresh
perspectives and get a clear picture of their areas of interest, all of which will
facilitate their choice of major, whether academic or vocational, later on.
Furthermore, the sooner young people start working, the more they will learn about
the job market and accumulate necessary experience. Even if these jobs do not
offer such attractive financial rewards, they help young workers develop
interpersonal skills that will prove invaluable to not only their tertiary study but
also their occupational prospects.
In conclusion, even though taking a year off is disadvantageous in the sense that it
disrupts students' academic trajectory and is rather financially unrewarding in most
cases, it also produces a number of positive outcomes in the long run. As long as
students take it seriously rather than abuse it, they can gain useful life experiences
as well as essential sets of skills for their academic and professional success.
MAPS (CONTINUED)

A. CHANGES

II. ROOMS

1. PAST – PRESENT

The maps below show a bookstore in 2000 and now.

The given pictures illustrate the way in which the layout of a bookstore has
changed since the year 2000.

Looking at the illustration, it is immediately evident that some sections right after
the entrance are still there, whereas others have been rearranged. Additionally,
over the period of 22 years, the place has undergone a number of dramatic
transformations in terms of facilities with the addition of the seating zone and the
café.

Currently, the entrance remains intact, and so do the service desk in the bottom
right corner from the entrance and the adjoining section for new books. Similarly,
the travel section within immediate reach from the entry stays unchanged.
However, the fiction section that used to stretch along the left-hand wall back in
2000 has been reduced to around a quarter of its original size and can be found
near the top corner. Meanwhile, the other one at the back has given way to non-
fiction.

By now, there have been changes made to other zones, the most noticeable of
which is the relocation of categories, namely art, hobbies and cookery to the left
wall to join the fiction category. In their place, sets of tables and chairs have been
installed. To the right of the newly added seating zone (from the entrance) lies the
café which was once a zone designated as non-fiction.

The maps show the changes of an office building between the present and the
FUTURE.

FUTURE EXPRESSIONS:

1. A will change.

There will be a change in A.

2. A expects/anticipates changes.

3. A change will be seen in A

A is expected/anticipated/projected/predicted/planned/proposed to change.

4. It is expected that A will change.

1) main/side/south/west entrance

2) the major part of the building

B1: west entrance – storeroom >< areas of grassland

Grassland to the left of the major part of the building

The one to the right: merged into

B2: the joining of four same-sized offices, separated by the entrance – center

Kitchen and canteen

The given pictures illustrate the way in which the layout of an office building is
proposed to change.
Looking at the illustration, it is immediately evident that some present features will
be still there, while some others will have all gone to provide more space for office
work. Additionally, the place is expected to undergo a number of dramatic
transformations in terms of facilities.
According to the plan, the west entrance will remain (,) and so will the storeroom.
However, two large grasslands to the left and right of the major building will be
removed. While the grassland currently accessible via the side entrance will be
converted into an outdoor seating area, the one adjoining the storeroom will be
merged into the major building and have a coffee machine in the north and a
meeting area in the south. The present WCs in front of the storeroom will be
relocated (= moved) to the top-right corner of the map, just beside the coffee
machine.
In the future, there will be changes made to other zones, the most noticeable of
which will be the joining of four same-sized offices at the front into two larger
ones. These two offices will be separated by the main entrance that will be moved
to the center. Meanwhile, the existing kitchen and canteen at the back are planned
to be repurposed into offices.
HOMEWORK
Task 1: The map below shows the changes that have taken place at the
waterfront area of a town called Darwin between 2009 and 2014.

1. waterfront/seafront

coast

seaside

seashore

2. residential, recreational, academic

3. industrial areas/zones
4. green spaces
5. the main road
6. the oval/circular footpath network

FORMAT: 1-2-3-4

The given pictures illustrate the way in which a place changed between … and …

Looking at the illustation, it is immediately evident that some old features were
still there, whereas the opposite was true for some others (, including/especially
…). Additionally, over the span/course/period of … years, the place underwent a
number of dramatic transformations in terms of infrastructure, residential areas and
*facilities.

In the second year, … remained intact, and so did … However, …

disappeared/vanished. Similarly, … was demolished to make way for …
By that year, changes had been made to other features, the most noticeable of
which was … The newly built … While … was reduced in size, … was expanded
and then repurposed into …