SIP - Final - Report - Saksham Khandelwal - (23BSPJP01C473)
SIP - Final - Report - Saksham Khandelwal - (23BSPJP01C473)
SIP - Final - Report - Saksham Khandelwal - (23BSPJP01C473)
Report on
By
Saksham Khandelwal (23BSPJP01C473)
At
Nuvama Wealth And Investment Limited, Jaipur
1
A
Report On
By
Saksham Khandelwal (23BSPJP01C473)
IBS Jaipur
At
Nuvama Wealth And Investment Limited Jaipur
2
AUTHORIZATION
I, Saksham Khandelwal, hereby state that this project work entitled “Portfolio
Management Services of Nuvama Wealth” is an original piece of work that has been prepared
under the guidance of Company Guide Mr. Dharmendra Gupta, Senior Branch Manager,
Nuvama Wealth, Jaipur and Assistant Professor CA Sukriti Khatri, ICFAI Business School, Jaipur
and submitted by me towards partial fulfilment of the requirement of MBA program of IBS
Jaipur. The findings and conclusions expressed in this report are genuine and for academic
purposes. It is our own and it has neither been submitted nor published anywhere before any
resemblance to earlier project or research work and is purely coincidental. It is totally based on
our hard work and creativity.
Saksham Khandelwal
23BSPJP01C473
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ACKNOWLEGEMENT
First and foremost, I want to express my gratitude to Almighty God. My warmest gratitude and
appreciation go to my parents and relatives, who taught me how to tread a well-trodden route in
my pursuit of knowledge. I would like to convey my heartfelt appreciation to everyone who helped
with the preparation of my final report.
To begin, I would like to thank the Nuvama Family for giving me the opportunity to pursue this
internship study and explore the field of Marketing and Finance.
No job is a single man's task since several variables, conditions, and individuals come together
to provide the background for the completion of any activity.
This endeavor would not have been feasible without his direction, assistance, and support. His
critical insights for my studies, particularly the investigation and analysis of the distribution
reach of Nuvama goods, will go a long way toward determining my future.
I would like to sincerely thank my faculty guide, Assistant Professor CA Sukriti Khatri
Ma’am for providing guidance and support for my project.
I also thank all the other employees in Nuvama Wealth, Jaipur, for their cooperation and support.
Special Thanks to Mr. Harsh Bhutani Sir who help me in each and every thing throughout the
internship.
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CONTENTS
1. Authorization 3
2. Acknowledgement 4
3. Executive Summary 6
4. Introduction 7-8
8. SWOT Analysis 19
14. Conclusion 33
15. Suggestions 34
16. Reference 35
5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
I, Saksham Khandelwal, a 2023-2025 batch student of IBS Jaipur bearing Enrollment number
22BSPJP01C473 doing my summer internship (SIP) at Nuvama Wealth & Investment
Limited.
During the first half period I was assigned with certain tasks like reading about the company
and about all the products that company offers. Later training was given by the employees as
well as company guide on the financial products of Nuvama Wealth & Investment Limited
and the sales methods were also explained.
Then we were provided data for cold calling and talk about the financial products of the
company to the existing as well as new clients. Company promotes their products through
brochures which are shared to us and explained about how to manage portfolios and their
services.
The project required meeting customers by taking their appointments along with the
employees of the company and observe activities like how they behave with customers and
what are the tactics and skills they employ while dealing with different customers. Also, how
the company converts the prospected customers into business as potential customers and what
they expect from a consultant to tell them before customers buy any product. Also, we were
asked to find the corporates so that we can organize an investment awareness session in the
company.
This gave us an overview of how company maintain brand image and customer perception in
the industry. The research study work is also done simultaneously along with the task given by
the company.
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INTRODUCTION
PMS offers tailor-made investment solutions for each investor according to their risk tolerance and financial
capability to get the best returns. Choices regarding the solutions are related to debt vs equity investment, the
risk-to-return balance and quite importantly, the time horizon of the investor, i.e. how long they are willing to
invest.
• Non-discretionary
The portfolio manager suggests possible courses of action and works according to the directions given by
the client.
• Advisory
Portfolio managers advise investors and help them make informed investment decisions. The investor
executes the trade.
Once you opt for a PMS, a separate bank account and a Demat account (short for Dematerialized Account-
an account that holds all the securities that you own in digital form) may be opened in your name. All
investments must be made in your name, and the shares are held in your name in your Demat account. The
bank account is also credited with any gains or dividend payouts from the investments.
Your portfolio manager is given the power of attorney over this bank account and Demat account.
However, you can access these accounts to check the status of your investments at any time.
Unlike mutual funds where fund managers have the right to invest the fund however they want, provided
they can meet the client's demand at the time of maturity, portfolio managers either offer suggestions or
can be entirely responsible for the investments. Also, your portfolio manager has to give you a
performance report at least every six months as per the guidelines of SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board
of India).
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Benefits:
• Capital Growth:
This is one of the main responsibilities of a portfolio manager. A portfolio manager always looks for
thebest investment opportunity that appreciates the capital of the investor.
• Diversification of Risk:
This is done to effectively meet the goal of the investor while maintaining a healthy risk-return
ratio.Diversification can happen in two ways-
➢ Debt Vs Equity:
While equity investments are known for their high-risk and high return potential, debt
instruments can lower the risk of a portfolio and add liquidity.
➢ Domestic Vs International:
A portfolio manager seeks to diversify risk by evaluating investment opportunities in
domestic as well as international markets. This helps the investor diversify risk between
various economies.
• Tax Planning:
There are various tax liabilities that an investor must adhere to while making investments.
Moreover, multiple tax provisions can help investors reduce their tax liability. Professionals
managing your portfolio ensure that all your investments comply with the tax implications while
helping you save tax wherever possible.
• Rebalancing Portfolio:
This means reverting to the original mix of securities after fluctuations or movements in the market till
the balance towards a particular form of security, and it is usually done annually.
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INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
Portfolio management services (PMS) play a crucial role in the financial industry, catering to the
investment needs of high-net-worth individuals (HNIs) and institutional investors. An industry analysis of
PMS involves understanding various aspects such as market trends, regulatory environment, competitive
landscape, and the impact of technological advancements. Here's an overview:
Market Trends:
• Growing Demand: The demand for PMS is on the rise due to increasing wealth accumulation,
particularly among HNIs and institutional investors.
• Customization: Clients are increasingly seeking personalized investment solutions tailored to their
risk appetite, financial goals, and preferences.
• Focus on Performance: Investors are becoming more discerning and are closely scrutinizing the
performance track record of PMS providers before allocating their funds.
• Shift towards Alternatives: There's a growing preference for alternative investments such as private
equity, real estate, and hedge funds within PMS offerings, driven by the pursuit of higher returns
and portfolio diversification.
Regulatory Environment:
• Compliance Requirements: PMS providers are subject to regulatory oversight by financial
authorities to ensure transparency, investor protection, and adherence to investment guidelines.
• Evolving Regulations: Regulatory frameworks governing PMS are subject to constant evolution,
with regulators imposing stricter norms to safeguard investor interests and enhance market
integrity.
Competitive Landscape:
• Market Consolidation: The PMS industry is witnessing consolidation, with larger players acquiring
smaller firms to expand their client base, geographic reach, and service offerings.
• Differentiated Offerings: PMS providers are differentiating themselves through specialized
expertise, investment strategies, technology integration, and client servicing capabilities.
• Fee Compression: Intense competition is exerting pressure on fee structures, compelling PMS
providers to justify their fees through superior performance and value-added services.
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Technological Advancements:
• Data Analytics: PMS providers are leveraging advanced data analytics tools to gain insights into
market trends, portfolio performance, and client preferences, enabling data-driven decision-making.
• Robo-Advisory: The integration of robe-advisory platforms within PMS offerings is gaining traction,
offering cost-effective portfolio management solutions and enhancing client engagement.
• AI and Machine Learning: AI and machine learning algorithms are being deployed to optimize
portfolio construction, risk management, and asset allocation, enhancing efficiency and investment
outcomes.
Risk Management:
• Focus on Risk Mitigation: PMS providers are placing greater emphasis on risk management practices
to safeguard client portfolios against market volatility, geopolitical uncertainties, and systemic risks.
• Stress Testing: Rigorous stress testing and scenario analysis are being employed to assess the
resilience of portfolios under adverse market conditions and to enhance risk-adjusted returns.
Client Servicing:
• Enhanced Transparency: PMS providers are enhancing transparency by providing clients with real-
time access to their portfolios, investment decisions, and performance metrics through digital
platforms.
• Client Education: There's a growing emphasis on investor education to foster greater awareness of
investment risks, opportunities, and market dynamics, empowering clients to make informed
decisions.
Overall, the PMS industry is evolving rapidly in response to shifting investor preferences, regulatory
developments, and technological advancements. Success in this competitive landscape hinges on the
ability of PMS providers to deliver superior investment performance, personalized client experiences,
and robust risk management practices.
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Portfolio Management Services (PMS) are specialized investment services offered by financial
institutions, wealth management firms, and investment advisors to cater to the unique investment needs
of high-net-worth individuals (HNIs), ultra-high-net-worth individuals (UHNIs), and institutional
investors. PMS providers manage investment portfolios on behalf of their clients with the aim of
achieving their financial objectives while considering their risk tolerance, investment horizon, and return
expectations.
Features of PMS:
Portfolio Management Services (PMS) offer a range of features designed to meet the diverse investment
needs of high-net-worth individuals (HNIs), ultra-high-net-worth individuals (UHNIs), and institutional
investors. These features contribute to the effectiveness, efficiency, and customization of PMS offerings.
Here are some key features:
Professional Management:
PMS is managed by experienced portfolio managers who possess in-depth market knowledge, analytical
skills, and expertise in investment management.
Portfolio managers actively monitor market trends, economic indicators, and company fundamentals to
identify investment opportunities and risks.
Diversification Strategies:
PMS emphasizes portfolio diversification to spread risk across various asset classes, such as equities,
fixed income securities, commodities, and alternative investments.
Diversification helps mitigate the impact of market volatility and enhances the potential for long-term
returns by reducing concentration risk.
Active Monitoring and Rebalancing:
Portfolio managers conduct ongoing monitoring of portfolio performance, asset allocation, and market
conditions to ensure alignment with the client's investment objectives.
Portfolios are periodically rebalanced to maintain the desired asset allocation and risk-return profile,
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taking into account changes in market valuations and investment outlook.
Classification of PMS:
Portfolio Management Services (PMS) can be classified based on various factors such as the investment
approach, client engagement model, regulatory framework, and fee structure. Here's a classification
based on these factors:
a. Individual PMS:
- Individual PMS caters to the investment needs of individual clients, typically high-net-worth
individuals (HNIs) and ultra-high-net-worth individuals (UHNIs). Portfolios are customized according to
the client's preferences, risk profile, and financial goals.
b. Institutional PMS:
- Institutional PMS serves institutional clients such as corporate entities, pension funds, endowments, and
family offices. These clients have unique investment mandates, liquidity requirements, and regulatory
considerations, necessitating specialized portfolio management solutions.
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a. Regulated PMS:
- Regulated PMS operates within a regulatory framework governed by financial authorities such as
securities regulators or central banks. Providers must adhere to registration, licensing, disclosure, and
compliance requirements to ensure investor protection and market integrity.
b. Unregulated PMS:
- Unregulated PMS operates outside the purview of financial regulators, potentially offering greater
flexibility and autonomy to portfolio managers. However, clients should exercise caution as unregulated
PMS may entail higher risks and lack investor safeguards.
Some important keywords related to portfolio management services along with their meanings:
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Asset Allocation:
Asset allocation refers to the strategic distribution of investment capital across different asset classes such
as stocks, bonds, real estate, and cash equivalents. It aims to optimize risk-adjusted returns by
diversifying investments based on their correlation and expected returns.
Diversification:
Diversification is the practice of spreading investment capital across a variety of assets within and across
asset classes to reduce the overall risk of the portfolio. It helps mitigate the impact of volatility in any
single investment and improves the likelihood of achieving consistent returns over time.
Risk Management:
Risk management involves identifying, assessing, and mitigating various types of risks that may affect
the performance of an investment portfolio. It includes measures to control market risk, credit risk,
liquidity risk, and operational risk, among others, to preserve capital and achieve financial objectives.
Benchmark Index:
A benchmark index is a standardized measure used to evaluate the performance of an investment
portfolio relative to a specific market or asset class. Common benchmark indices include the S&P 500 for
U.S. stocks, the FTSE 100 for UK stocks, and the MSCI World Index for global equities.
Alpha:
Alpha is a measure of the excess return generated by an investment portfolio relative to its benchmark
index, after adjusting for systematic risk (beta). Positive alpha indicates outperformance, while negative
alpha indicates underperformance. It reflects the skill of the portfolio manager in generating returns
above the market average.
Beta:
Beta measures the sensitivity of an investment portfolio's returns to movements in the overall market or
benchmark index. A beta of 1 indicates that the portfolio moves in line with the market, while a beta
greater than 1 implies higher volatility, and a beta less than 1 indicates lower volatility.
Sharpe Ratio:
The Sharpe Ratio is a risk-adjusted performance measure that evaluates the excess return of an
investment portfolio per unit of risk (usually standard deviation). A higher Sharpe Ratio indicates better
risk-adjusted returns, reflecting the efficiency of the portfolio in generating returns relative to its risk
exposure.
Treynor Ratio:
The Treynor Ratio is a risk-adjusted performance measure similar to the Sharpe Ratio, but it evaluates the
excess return of an investment portfolio per unit of systematic risk (beta). It assesses the efficiency of the
portfolio in generating returns relative to its market risk exposure.
ABOUT COMPANY
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technology driven securities company in India that offers a wide range of financial services
including broking services, depository services, distribution of financial products, short term
funding for employee stock option schemes and margin trading facility. We are one of the
leading Stock broker and distributor in India. We offer our broking services through our
proprietary state of the art Website, Mobile Application, Terminal, and API based trading
platforms. Our Company has over 0.3 million of active client base and ₹1.5 trillion of client
assets spread across wide number of active broking accounts as of March 31, 2022.
Broking services offered by Nuvama Wealth and Investment Limited (NWIL), formerly
known as Edelweiss Broking Limited, is a 100% subsidiary of Nuvama Wealth Management
Limited (formerly known as Edelweiss Securities Limited). Registered office of NWIL is at
201 to 203, Zodiac Plaza, Xavier College Road, Off C G Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat - 380009.
Corporate Office address is Eight Floor 801 to 804, Inspire BKC G Block, BKC Main Road,
Bandra Kurla Complex, Bandra East, Mumbai- 400051. It is a Member of National Stock
Exchange of India Ltd, BSE Ltd, Multi Commodity Exchange of India Limited, Metropolitan
Stock Exchange and National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange Limited.
1. EQUITY
-Primary Market
• IPOs/OFS
• Unlisted
-Secondary Market
-Special Situations
3. Insurance
• Premier Guaranteed Star
• Premier Guaranteed Income
• ETLI Cashflow
• ETLI AIP
• HDFC Sanchay Plus
• HDFC Sanchay Par
• ETLI G-Cap
- Term Plan
• Total Protect Plus
- ULIP Plans
• Wealth Ultima
• Wealth Plus
- Non-Life Insurance
• Health Insurance Plans
• Sr Citizen Health Plan
4. Alternates
- Private Equity
• Mid-stage
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• Late-Stage / Pre-IPO
- Private Debt
• Infrastructure Yield+
• Special Assets
• Venture Debt
- Hege Fund
• Edelweiss EDGE Fund
• Structured Products
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PARTIES INVOLVED IN PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Portfolio Manager:
The portfolio manager is responsible for overseeing the investment portfolio
and making investment decisions on behalf of the client. They design and
manage portfolios according to the client's investment objectives, risk
tolerance, and preferences.
Custodian:
The custodian is a financial institution responsible for safekeeping and
administering the client's investment assets, including securities, cash, and
other financial instruments. Custodians hold assets in custody on behalf of
clients, facilitate securities transactions, process settlements, and provide
reporting services.
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SWOT ANALYSIS
• Customization
• Professional Expertise
Strengths • Diversification
• Transparency
• Technological Advancements
Opportunities • Growing Demand
• Regulatory Changes
• Competition
• Regulatory Risks
Threats • Economic Uncertainty
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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The theoretical framework of portfolio management services encompasses various principles, models, and
concepts that guide the design, implementation, and evaluation of investment strategies aimed at achieving
optimal risk-adjusted returns for clients. Here's an overview of the theoretical framework:
3. Behavioral Finance:
- Behavioral finance integrates insights from psychology and economics to understand how cognitive
biases and emotions influence investor behavior and decision-making. Behavioral finance challenges the
assumptions of rationality and efficiency underlying traditional financial models, highlighting the
importance of psychological factors in shaping market dynamics and investor outcomes.
4. Factor-Based Investing:
- Factor-based investing builds on the principles of MPT and APT by focusing on specific factors or
characteristics that drive asset returns, such as value, size, momentum, and quality. Factor-based
strategies aim to systematically capture sources of risk premia that have historically generated excess
returns over the long term.
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5. Portfolio Construction Techniques:
- Portfolio construction techniques involve combining individual assets or securities into a
diversified portfolio using quantitative methods, optimization algorithms, and risk management tools.
Modern portfolio construction techniques aim to enhance efficiency, robustness, and alignment with
client objectives.
7. Regulatory Framework:
- The regulatory framework governing portfolio management services encompasses laws, regulations,
and industry standards designed to protect investors, ensure market integrity, and promote transparency.
Regulatory compliance is a key consideration for portfolio managers and firms operating in the financial
services industry.
8. Ethical Considerations:
- Ethical considerations in portfolio management include fiduciary duties, stewardship principles, and
responsible investing practices aimed at aligning investment decisions with environmental, social, and
governance (ESG) criteria. Ethical considerations are increasingly important for investors and portfolio
managers seeking to integrate sustainability and social impact into investment strategies.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
➢ Primary Data:
Primary data was collected through questionnaire refer to the appendix for the data.
➢ Secondary Data:
Sample design
Sample size – 150 samples
The sample size consists of clients of Nuvama Wealth Management Limited.
➢ To know the best investments plans for investors through PMS according to their age, income
and risk appetite.
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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
➢ To understand how investment decisions and asset allocation is done according to type of
investor.
➢ To understand the occupational class of investors that are more inclined towards PMS.
➢ To make revisions in the portfolios in accordance to market situations, investors goals, etc.
➢ To offer complete transparency to investors with the transactions and profitsmade through
investments at Nuvama PMS.
➢ To provide the best of the portfolio and financial services to the clients of Nuvama.
➢ The data collected is basically confined to secondary sources, with little amount of primary data
associated with the project.
➢ The information collected may not be fully trustworthy or relevant, since the data collected is
secondary.
➢ The data/ information collected for the project is in reference to only one Portfolio
Management Financial Services.
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DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION
In this section, I have observed the findings related to the data which was collected and
analyzed.
1. Moderate 60%
2. High 30%
3. Low 10%
INVESTORS
LOW
10%
HIGH
30%
MODERATE
60%
Interpretation: -
According to the above graph we can interpret that more than 60% of investors are ready to take
moderate level of risk and 30% of investors are ready to take high level of risk and only 10% are taking
low risk while taking investment decisions.
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2. Percentage of asset allocation according to the type of investor:
AGGRESSIVE INVESTORS
GOLD
10%
FIXED
INCOME
20%
EQUITY
70%
Interpretation:
According to the above graph, aggressive investors are more inclined towards investment in equities
that is 70% compared with fixed income and gold that is 20% and 10%.
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SR NO. MODERATE INVESTOR’S SECURITIES
1. Equities 50%
2. Debt 30%
3. Gold 10%
4. Alternate asset class 10%
ALTERNATE ASSET
CLASS
MODERATE INVESTORS
10%
GOLD
10%
EQUITY
50%
DEBT
30%
Interpretation:
According to the above graph, moderate investors are also more inclined towards investment in
equity that is 50% in comparison with all other securities that is debt, gold and alternative asset
class that is 30% ,10% and 10%.
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SR NO. CONSERVATIVE INVESTOR’S SECURITIES
1. Fixed income 50%
2. Large cap equities 30%
3. Gold 10%
4. Alternate asset class 10%
ALTERNATE
ASSET CLASS CONSERVATIVE INVESTORS
10%
GOLD
10%
FIXED
INCOME
50%
Interpretation:
According to the above graph, conservative investor is inclined towards investment in fixed
income securities that is 50% and invest less in large cap equities, gold, alternate asset class.
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3. Maximum allocation in investors portfolio pertains to the following:
SAVING &
INVESTMENTS FIXED
DEPOSITS
5%
MUTUAL
FUNDS BONDS
28% 17%
EQUITIES
50%
Interpretation: -
According to the above graph, investors invest more in equites that is 45% in comparison with
others securities that is savings and fixed deposits, bonds and mutual funds that is 5%, 15%,
25%.
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4. Occupation of investor opting for portfolio management services:
OCCUPATION
OTHER OCCUPATION
20%
SALARIED EMPLOYEE
SELF EMPLOYED 50%
14%
BUSINESS
16%
Interpretation:
According to the above graph, salaried employee is opting more for PMS which is 50% in
comparison with other occupations that includes business self-employed, and other occupation
with 16%, 14%, 20% respectively.
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5. Satisfaction Level of The Clients Of Nuvama Financial Services:
RATING
POORGOOD
AVERAGE 2% 4% EXCELLENT
VERY PO6O%R 18%
0%
VERY GOOD
70%
EXCELLENT VERY GOOD VERY POOR AVERAGE POOR GOOD
Interpretation:
According to the above graph, 70% of the clients have satisfied with the services andminimum only 2%
clients are dissatisfied with the services.
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FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
➢ The Investor, maintains the portfolio of diversified sector stocks rather than investing in a
single sector of different stocks.
➢ Majority of the investors select a certain portfolio management firm depending upon the word
of mouth, self-decision makers, financial advisors, brokers.
➢ Nuvama Wealth Management Limited also deals in services like mutual fund investment,
management of equities, management of money market investment, advisory and consultancy
services.
➢ Among all the services offered advisory and consultancy services are the services that the
individual investors are most aware of.
➢ Most of the clients are not aware of the vision and mission statements of the company they deal
in.
➢ The minimum investment requirement to avail PMS scheme is about 50lacs as per SEBI
guidelines.
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CONCLUSION
As I have completed 14 weeks tenure of my internship, I have made a good progress about the research
and project related work. I have done a research-based study as mentioned in the title of the project. After
a detailed training and literature study and concepts related to the study are being analyzed, keeping in
view of the objectives of the project, I have defined certain criteria and factors to measure the consumers
perception on Nuvama Wealth and Investment Limited.
With the help of given project, I got an in-depth knowledge about the working of portfolio management.
Also I got an insight as to how to select the portfolio management service provider, which scheme
provides better return as compared to other and who are the portfolio management players in the
INDIAN market.
➢ Portfolio is a collection of financial investments like bonds, stocks, commodities, cash and cash
equivalents. Investors generally believe that stocks, bonds and cash comprise the core of a
portfolio.
➢ Nuvama Wealth Management Limited offers a range of financial product and services like
Retail Broking & Distribution, Mutual Funds, Wealth Management, Private Equity, and
Investment.
➢ Opting for PMS provides investors with financial growth and a range of benefits, including
maximum returns, protection from financial risk, enhanced portfolio performance.
➢ Portfolio Management Services are managed by highly qualified and experienced professionals
and they are backed by a research team, they provide necessary insights for managers.
➢ In a PMS, benefit of concessional tax rate on the long term or short term capital gains is
enjoyed. A good portfolio offers an individual with benefit on income tax, gift tax and capital
gains.
➢ The investor who bears high risk will be getting high returns.
➢ The investors, who holds their investments for medium terms will fetch attractive returns.
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SUGGESTIONS
➢ The Portfolio Manager or experts must consider both risk and return before investing in any
company for investor’s sake.
➢ The Company in advance must inform the clients about their terms and conditions, fees
structure and Company’s profile
➢ The Portfolio manager should suggest clients about different combinations of securities to invest
in and also about the advantages of diversifications of securities to avoid risk that would occur
due to investment in only one security i.e., portfolio must include equity shares and other major
categories of investments like debentures, mutual funds, gold and silver.
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REFERENCE
➢ www.economictimes.com
➢ www.wikipedia.com
➢ www.sebi.com
➢ www.managementparadise.com
➢ www.scribd.com
➢ www.jpmorgan.com
Books Referred
➢ Investment Banking By
Pratap Subramany
➢ Management Accounting & Financial Analysis
By Ravi M. Kishore.
➢ Business of Investment Banking
→ Financial Markets & Services By
E. Gordon and Dr. Natrajan
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