‭LESSON 1‬‭: Basic Concepts of Arts‬

‭ART‬
‭-‬ o ‭ riginal classical definition was derived from the Latin word‬‭"ars"‬‭(meaning‬‭"skill"‬‭or‬
‭"craft“‬‭)‬
‭-‬ ‭is a useful starting point. This broad approach leads to art being defined as:‬‭"the product‬
‭of a body of knowledge, most often using a set of skills."‬
‭-‬ ‭Art is something we DO, a verb. Art is an expression of our thoughts, emotions,‬
‭intuitions, and desires, but it is even more personal than that: it’s about sharing the way‬
‭we experience the world, which for many is an extension of personality. It is the‬
‭communication of intimate concepts that cannot be faithfully portrayed by words alone.‬
‭And because words alone are not enough, we must find some other vehicle to carry our‬
‭intent. -‬‭William Joseph Nieters‬
‭-‬ ‭Art is a highly diverse range of human activities engaged in creating visual, auditory, or‬
‭performed artifacts— artworks—that express the author’s imaginative or technical skill,‬
‭and are intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power.‬
‭-‬ ‭Art is a creative activity that expresses imaginative or technical skills. It produces a‬
‭product, an object. The product of art is called a work of art. It includes drawing, painting,‬
‭sculpting, photography, dance, music, poetry, prose, theater, etc.‬

‭ YPES OF ART‬
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‭Visual Art‬‭- arts that meet the eye and evoke an emotion‬‭through an expression of skill‬
‭and imagination. They include the most ancient/oldest documented forms, such as‬
‭painting, drawing, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and installation art and other‬
‭visual arts.‬
‭Literary Art‬‭- something in the form of writing or‬‭stories that have artistic and cultural value that‬
‭displays the beauty of speech and language to convey certain meanings.‬
‭Performance Art‬‭- time-based art form that typically‬‭features a live presentation to an audience‬
‭and draws on such arts as acting, poetry, music, dance, and painting.‬

‭ ESSON 2‬‭: Nature and Functions of Arts‬

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‭Nature of art‬‭- Art is a creative activity that expresses‬‭imaginative or technical skill. It produces‬
‭a product, an object. The product of art is called a work of art.‬‭It includes drawing, painting,‬
‭sculpting, photography, performance art, dance, music, poetry, prose and theater.‬

‭ LASSIFICATION OF ARTS ACCORDING TO FUNCTIONS‬

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‭Motivated (Functional)‬
‭-‬ ‭FURNITURE-MAKING‬
‭-‬ ‭ARCHITECTURE‬
‭-‬ ‭WEAVING‬
‭Non-motivated (Non-functional)‬
‭-‬ ‭PAINTING‬
‭-‬ ‭MUSIC‬
‭-‬ ‭SCULPTURE‬

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‭ HE COMMON FUNCTIONS OF ART‬
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‭1.‬‭Personal Function‬
‭-‬ ‭Arts are vehicles for the artists’ expression of their feelings and ideas.‬

‭2.‬‭Social Function‬
‭-‬ ‭It influences social behavior,‬
‭-‬ ‭It seeks or tends to influence the collective behavior of a people.‬
‭-‬ ‭When it addresses aspects of (collective) life as opposed to one person's point of view‬
‭or experience.‬

‭3.‬‭Spiritual Function‬
‭-‬ ‭The designs of religious structures tell so many things about the culture of the faithful.‬

‭4.‬‭Educational Function‬
‭-‬ ‭Art comes to be regarded as 'time off for good behavior' or as 'therapy'" and how the‬
‭ease and carefreeness of the arts are supposed to bring joy and a sense of calmness."‬

‭5.‬‭Political Function‬
‭-‬ ‭The statues of national heroes that grace our parks and plazas are commemorative‬
‭works as are the commissioned paintings of leaders or rulers. Often they serve to record‬
‭important historical events, or reveal the ideals of heroism and leadership that the‬
‭community would want the young to emulate.‬

‭6.‬‭Physical Function‬
‭-‬ ‭Works of art that are created to perform some service such as tools and containers are‬
‭objects which make our lives physically comfortable. Works of art that are created to‬
‭perform some service have physical functions like vases, benches, chairs, etc.‬

‭LESSON 3‬

‭STONE AGE (30,000 BC - 2,500 BC)‬

‭-‬ ‭VENUS OF WILLENDORF‬
‭-‬ ‭CAVE PAINTING; (MINERAL PIGMENT) ANIMALS/HUMANS/SYMBOLS‬

‭MESOPOTANIAN (3500 BC - 439 BC)‬

‭-‬ ‭STONE SCULPTURE AND NARRATIVE RELIEFS STEELE OF CODE OF‬
‭HAMMURABI STANDARD OF UR‬

‭EGYPTIAN (3100 BC - 30 BC)‬

‭-‬ ‭AWE-INSPIRING ARCHITECTURE OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN INCLUDING THE‬
‭GREAT PYRAMIDS‬

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‭GREEK AND HELLENISTIC (850 BC - 31 BC)‬
‭-‬ ‭IDEALISM AND PERFECTION WISDOM AND WELFARE‬

‭ROMAN (500 BC - 476 AD)‬

‭-‬ ‭THERE’S A VAST HISTORY OF ROMAN ARCHITECTURE, WHICH YOU CAN LEARN‬
‭ABOUT IN THIS HISTORY OF ROMAN ART: INCLUDING THE CONSTRUCTION OF‬
‭PANTHEON‬

‭BYZANTINE AND ISLAMIC (476 AD - 1453 AD)‬

‭-‬ ‭HAGIA SOPHIA AND ALHAMBRA‬

‭MIDDLE AGES (500-1400)‬

‭-‬ ‭This was the era of Celtic and Gothic art, which saw the rise of intricate gothic cathedrals‬
‭and structures like Notre Dame‬

‭EARLY AND HIGH RENAISSANCE (1400-1550)‬

‭-‬ ‭MICHAEL ANGELO di LODOVICO BOUNARROTI SIMONI‬
‭-‬ ‭WAS CONSIDERED THE BEST ARTIST IN HIS LIFETIME, AND EVER SINCE THEN‬
‭HE HAS BEEN HELD AS GREATEST ARTIST OF ALL TIME.‬
‭-‬ ‭LEONARDO di ser PIERO da VINCI‬
‭-‬ ‭KNOWN FOR HIS DRAMATIC AND EXPRESSIVE WORK. HIS KEEN EYE AND‬
‭QUICK MIND LED HIM TO MAKE IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES YET HE‬
‭NEVER PUBLISHED HIS IDEAS.‬
‭-‬ ‭DONATO di NICCOLO di BETTO BARDI‬
‭-‬ ‭WAS A FLORENTINE SCULPTOR OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD. HE STUDIED‬
‭CLASSICAL SCULPTURE AND USED THIS DEVELOP A COMPLETE RENAISSANCE‬
‭STYLE IN SCULPTURE‬

‭VENETIAN AND NORTHERN RENAISSANCE‬

‭-‬ ‭During this era, the Renaissance movement spread from Italy to France, Germany,‬
‭Poland and other northern European countries. Bellini, Jan van Eyck, Bosch, and other‬
‭artists reigned during this time.‬

‭BAROQUE‬
‭-‬ ‭Baroque artists like Rembrandt and Caravaggio were well known during this time for the‬
‭tense, moody, and extremely dramatic style of their work, reflected in lighting techniques‬
‭and subject matter.‬

‭NEO-CLASSICAL‬
‭-‬ ‭It was likely the overlapping Age of Enlightenment, which saw another turn towards the‬
‭scientific over the religious. That set the tone for this era, as well as the concurrent‬
‭Industrial Revolution‬

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‭ROMANTICISM‬
‭-‬ ‭“THEODORE GERICAULT” EMPHASIS ON THE SELF: as well as a rejection of the kind‬
‭of order that the Enlightenment had imposed in favor of a more chaotic approach to life.‬

‭REALISM‬
‭-‬ ‭Realism was the first movement to finally reject all the drama, intensely exaggerated‬
‭emotion, and grandeur of other art styles for a more grounded approach to human‬
‭nature.‬

‭IMPRESSIONISM‬
‭-‬ ‭Impressionism might have been one of the first purely aesthetic art periods, a style‬
‭focused on capturing a visual phenomenon rather than an intensely political or religious‬
‭one.‬
‭-‬ ‭MATERIALS: ACRYLIC AND WATERCOLOR‬

‭POST - IMPRESSIONISM‬
‭-‬ ‭An art style that maintained its philosophy – a rejection of traditional art rules and its‬
‭focus on perfection – but also rejected its supposed limitations.‬

‭FAUVISM AND EXPRESSIONISM‬

‭-‬ ‭It flourished during and after the first World War with its harsh colors, bold shapes, and‬
‭often its disturbing emotional Content. Consider a course on oil or acrylic painting to‬
‭learn the techniques used by the expressionists‬

‭CUBISM, FUTURISM, SUPERMATIVISM, CONSTRUCTIVISM, DE STIJL‬

‭-‬ ‭This era saw shapes, abstract objects, and highly deconstructed renders of landscapes‬
‭and other things used as a means of expression, rather than traditional techniques seen‬
‭before.‬

‭DADA AND SURREALISM‬

‭-‬ ‭Dada and surrealism rejected so much of traditional art that it dived into absurdism.‬
‭Elements of dreams and the subconscious were explored with this style, as well as‬
‭wartime horrors (it overlapped World War II and the atomic bombings of Japan)‬

‭POP ART‬
‭-‬ ‭They were interested in advertising, consumer products, television, magazines, and‬
‭comics.‬

‭NEO EXPRESSIONISM‬
‭-‬ ‭By the end of the 1970s a movement emerged that threw out the cool ideas of‬
‭Minimalism and embraced the impassioned emotions of Expressionism (a German art‬
‭movement of the early 1900s‬

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‭LESSON 4‬

‭ PPRECIATION‬
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‭- The knowledge and understanding of the universal and timeless qualities that identify all great‬
‭art.‬
‭- The exploration and analysis of the art forms that we are exposed to.‬
‭- Art appreciation involves a deeper look into the setting and historical implication and‬
‭background of the piece, a study of its origins. ART‬

‭ HY ART APPRECIATION IS IMPORTANT?‬

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‭- It is a good way to understand the history behind the work, and the period from which the‬
‭piece originated. Artists often reflect the problems that they face, and the issues of the society in‬
‭their work‬
‭- By reflecting on a piece of art, we delve into our own experiences and nostalgia, thus a piece‬
‭of art means something different to every person that comes across it.‬

‭ XPRESSION‬
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‭- It is the ability to convey meaning.‬
‭- Artists are painting ideas that many choose to ignore, using their art as their voice to react to‬
‭the injustices they see in this world.‬
‭- Within its nature, art has no rules. There are no guidelines to express yourself. Art is meant to‬
‭be the way the artist wants it to be.‬
‭- Art is controversial yet peaceful, simple yet bold.‬
‭IMAGINATION‬
‭- It is the ability to produce and simulate novel objects, peoples and ideas in the mind.‬
‭- It is the ability of the mind to build mental scenes, objects or events that do not exist, are not‬
‭present, or have happened in the past.‬
‭- It is also described as the forming of experiences in one's mind, which can be re-creations of‬
‭past experiences such as vivid memories with imagined changes, or they can be completely‬
‭invented and possibly fantastic scenes.‬
‭CREATIVITY‬
‭- It is a phenomenon whereby something new and somehow valuable is formed. The created‬
‭item may be intangible (such as an idea, a scientific theory, a musical composition, or a joke) or‬
‭a physical object (such as an invention, a printed literary work, or a painting).‬
‭- Creativity can be matched with imagination: for finding solutions and choosing between‬
‭options.‬
‭- Innovation in its modern meaning is "a new idea, creative thoughts, and new imaginations in‬
‭form of device or method".‬

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‭Lesson 5‬‭: Visual Elements of Arts and Designs‬

‭ HE VISUAL ELEMENTS OF ART‬

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‭1. Line‬
‭2. Shape‬
‭3. Tone‬
‭4. Color‬
‭5. Pattern‬
‭6. Texture‬
‭7. Form‬

‭LINE‬
‭-‬ I‭s the foundation of all drawing. It is the first and most versatile of the visual elements of‬
‭art. It can be used to suggest shape, pattern, form, structure, growth, depth, distance,‬
‭rhythm, movement and a range of emotions.‬

‭ sychological response to different types of lines‬

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‭1.‬‭Curved lines‬‭- suggest comfort and ease.‬
‭2.‬‭Horizontal lines‬‭- suggest distance and calm.‬
‭3.‬‭Vertical lines‬‭- suggest height and strength.‬
‭4.‬‭Jagged lines‬‭- suggest turmoil and anxiety‬

‭ he way we draw a line can convey different expressive qualities:‬

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‭1‬‭. Freehand lines‬
‭-‬ ‭can express the personal energy and mood of the artist. FREEHAND- the ability to draw‬
‭something without depending on instruments or something else to draw‬
‭2.‬‭Mechanical lines‬
‭-‬ ‭Can express a rigid control. Mechanical Drawing-combinations of straight lines and‬
‭curved lines that show the edges and surfaces of an object.‬
‭3.‬‭Continuous lines‬
‭-‬ ‭can lead the eye in certain directions. It is one in which a single, unbroken line is used‬
‭to develop the image.‬
‭4.‬‭Broken lines‬
‭-‬ ‭can express the ephemeral or the insubstantial.‬
‭5.‬‭Thick lines‬
‭-‬ ‭can express strength.‬
‭6.‬‭Thin lines‬
‭-‬ ‭can express delicacy.‬

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‭SHAPE‬
‭-‬ ‭can be natural or man-made, regular or irregular, flat (2-dimensional) or solid (3-‬
‭dimensional), representational or abstract, geometric or organic, transparent or opaque,‬
‭positive or negative, decorative or symbolic, colored, patterned or textured.‬

‭ erspective drawing‬‭- angles and curves of shapes‬‭appear to change depending on our‬

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‭viewpoint.‬

‭ he Behavior of Shapes are as follows:‬

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‭(1) Shapes can be used to control your feelings in the composition of an artwork.‬
‭(2) Squares and Rectangles can portray strength and stability.‬
‭(3) Circles and Ellipses can represent continuous movement.‬
‭(4) Triangles can lead the eye in an upward movement.‬
‭(5) Inverted Triangles can create a sense of imbalance and tension.‬

‭COLOR‬
‭-‬ ‭visual element that has the strongest effect on our emotions.‬

‭TONE‬
‭-‬ ‭lightness or darkness of a color.‬

‭ he tonal values of an artwork can be adjusted to alter its expressive character. It can be‬
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‭used to create‬
‭(1)a contrast of light and dark,‬
‭(2) the illusion of form,‬
‭(3) a dramatic or tranquil atmosphere,‬
‭(4) a sense of depth and distance and‬
‭(5) a rhythm or pattern within a composition.‬

‭PATTERN‬
‭-‬ ‭repeating or echoing the elements of an artwork to communicate a sense of balance,‬
‭harmony, contrast, rhythm or movement.‬

‭ wo basic types of pattern‬

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‭Natural Pattern‬‭- Pattern in art is often based on‬‭the inspiration we get from observing the‬
‭natural patterns that occur in nature. Example, the shape of a leaf and the branches of a tree,‬
‭structure of a crystal, the spiral of a shell, the symmetry of a snowflake and the camouflage and‬
‭signaling patterns on animals, fish and insects.‬

‭ an-Made Pattern‬‭- Pattern in art is used for both‬‭structural and decorative purposes. For‬
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‭example, an artist may plan the basic structure of an artwork by creating a compositional pattern‬
‭of lines and shapes. Within that composition he/she may develop its visual elements to create a‬
‭more decorative pattern of color, tone and texture across the work.‬

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‭TEXTURE‬
‭-‬ ‭surface quality of an artwork - the roughness or smoothness of the material from which it‬
‭is made.‬

‭ e experience texture in two ways:‬

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‭Optical Texture‬‭- An artist may use his/her skillful‬‭painting technique to create the illusion of‬
‭texture.‬

‭ hysical Texture (Actual/Tactile texture)‬‭- can be‬‭felt by touching the surface of the object or‬
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‭material.‬

‭ phemeral Texture‬‭- This is a third category of textures‬‭whose fleeting forms are subject to‬
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‭change like clouds, smoke, flames, bubbles and liquids‬

‭FORM‬
‭-‬ ‭physical volume of a shape and the space that it occupies. It can be representational or‬
‭abstract.‬
‭-‬ ‭Three-Dimensional Form‬
‭-‬ ‭Two-Dimensional Form‬

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