ART APP

Alice Guillermo –a Palanca Awardee— is a researcher, art critic, professor, and renowned writer.

- She also identifies the basic information that must be documented in an artwork.
1. Title of the work
2. Artist
3. Medium and technique
4. Dimensions/measurement
5. Date of the work
6. Origin

Michelangelo- “The Creation of Adam” completed in 1512.

Dr. Frank Lynn Meshberger - made an observation that the outline of the work (THE CREATION OF
ADAM) looks like a human brain. This new observation then, affects the overall meaning-making process
of the work.

4 PLANES OF ANALYSIS

 Basic Semiotic Plane- The study of signs is what we now study as semiotics.
 "Semiotics is concerned with everything that might be interpreted as a sign," says Umberto
Eco. Many of the concepts and definitions used by current semioticians were introduced by the
Swiss scholar Ferdinand de Saussure.

According to Eco, signifier has the following 3 types:

 Icon – is physically the meaning that is represented.

 Index – demonstrates what it represents.
 Symbol – has no similarity between the signifier and the signified.
 Iconic Plane - is not the material components of the work treated in the fundamental
semiological plane; it deals with the unique attributes, parts, and characteristics of the picture.
 Contextual Plane- you put the work in context and its relationship to society.
 Evaluative Plane - It is concerned with an analysis of a work's values.

ART HISTORY/ ART HISTORIAGRAPHY- historical study of visual arts focused on identifying, classifying,
describing, assessing, interpreting, and comprehending art products.

ART PERIODS / MOVEMENTS CHARACTERISTICS CHIEF ARTISTS ANS MAJOR WORKS HISTORICAL EVENTS

Stone Age (30,000 B.C.–2,500 B.C.) Cave painting, fertility goddesses, and megalithic structures Lascaux
Cave Painting, Woman of Willendorf, and Stonehenge Ice Age ends (10,000 B.C.–8,000 B.C.); New Stone
Age and first permanent settlements (8,000 B.C.–2,500 B.C.)
Mesopotamian (3,500 B.C.–539 B.C.) Warrior art and narration in stone relief Standard of Ur, Gate of
Ishtar, and Stele of Hammurabi’s Code Sumerians invent writing (3,400 B.C.); Hammurabi writes his law
code (1,780 B.C.); Abraham founds monotheism

Egyptian (3,100 B.C.– 30 B.C.) Art with an afterlife focus, such as pyramids and tomb painting Imhotep,
Step Pyramid, Great Pyramids, and Bust of Nefertiti Narmer unites Upper/lower Egypt (3,100 B.C.);
Rameses II battles the Hittites (1,274 B.C.); Cleopatra dies (30 B.C.)

Greek and Hellenistic (850 B.C.–31 B.C.) Greek idealism: balance, perfect proportions; architectural
orders (Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian) Parthenon, Myron, Phidias, Polykleitos, and Praxiteles Athens
defeats Persia at Marathon (490 B.C.); Peloponnesian Wars (431 B.C.–404 B.C.); Alexander the Great’s
conquests (336 B.C.–323 B.C.)

Roman (500 B.C.– A.D. 476) Roman realism: practical and down to earth; the arch Augustus of
Primaporta, Colosseum, Trajan’s Column, and Pantheon Julius Caesar assassinated (44 B.C.); Augustus
proclaimed Emperor (27 B.C.); Diocletian splits Empire (A.D. 292); Rome falls (A.D. 476) I

ndian, Chinese, and Japanese (653 B.C.– A.D. 1900) Serene, meditative art, and arts of the floating world
Gu Kaizhi, Li Cheng, Guo Xi, Hokusai, and Hiroshige Birth of Buddha (563 B.C.); Silk Road opens (1st
century B.C.); Buddhism spreads to China (1st–2nd centuries A.D.) and Japan (5th century A.D.

DIFFERENT ART MOVEMENTS

Cave Art- Art in a cave can be traced back to the various paintings, engravings and scripture during the
Ice Ages.

Egyptian Art- According to historical data, the principle of cohesion or what is now known as ma’at, was
rooted in Egyptian culture. The principle was believed to have started at the beginning of life and
cosmos.

- Papyrus

Greek Art- Much of this human civilization has been integrated into our collective consciousness. Greek
art includes images of epic wars, scholarly philosophers, gleaming white buildings, and limbless nudes.

- Fallen Warrior from the Temple of Aphaia

Roman Art- Ancient Greek art was rediscovered from the 17th century onward. Roman art has suffered
slightly from a reputation crisis.

- Trajan’s Colum

Medieval Period- This period featured a range of things from glass mosaics, wall paintings, and
metalwork. Byzantine art is traditional and primarily religious. Most byzantine artworks are associated
with lower levels of realism.

- Hagia Sophia
Chinese Painting- Chinese painting is among the world’s oldest continuing forms of art. In China today,
traditional painting is recognized as “guóhuà,” which means “ethnic” or “local painting”, in contrast to
Western decorative arts, which grew popular in China in the 20 th century.

 2 types of primary method

“gongbi”( means thorough)- use specific brushstrokes
“ xieyi” - water colored painting
- Zhang Zeduan’s Spring Festival on the River (also called Along the River During Qingming
Festival).

Japanese Print- Until its Edo era in 1603 to 1868, the art of woodblock printing was launched into the
Han dynasty. Initially, conventional handscrolls were used as inexpensive books by woodblock printing.

- Thirty-six views of Mt. Fuji

Renaissance Art- In the context of religious practices, many Renaissance artworks portrayed religious
images.

- Mona Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci

Mannerism- Mannerist artists were involved but did not seek to imitate perfectionism represented by
the High Renaissance artists. Instead, they distorted the values of the Renaissance and contributed to
research that encouraged self-expressionism and idealism.

- Perseus with the head of Medusa by Benvenuto Cellini.

Baroque- In Baroque style, contrast, motion, exuberant details, profound light, scale, and excitement are
used to build a feeling of admiration.

- The greatest Baroque project was completing St. Peter's Basilica,” which was built over the early
Christian “Old” St. Peter’s Basilica.

Neoclassical- Neoclassical art refers to simplification with its focus on asymmetry, bright colors, and
decoration.

- Cathedral of Vilnius, known for its key features that define the realities of the neoclassic period.

Rococo Art- Extravagant and lively

- Pilgrimage to the Isle of Cythera was credited under the name of Jean-Antoine Watteau and has
become her most popular work.

Romanticism- Romance embraced individual identity and subjectivity to combat overemphasis on logical
thinking.

- Théodore Géricault's large painting of The Raft of the Medusa initially caused considerable
scandal and controversy.

Realism- Realistic painters replaced traditional arts’ idealist representations and literature with actual
events throughout the tumultuous revolt and social change period.
 - Inspired by a Greenwich Avenue restaurant, Edward Hopper crafts out an art gem that induces
the viewer into awareness.

Impressionism- They did not want to portray the history, mythology, or the life of great men and visual
appearances; they did not seek perfection.

- Third Impressionist Exhibition at the Rue Le Peletier

Post-Impressionism- includes a wide variety of different artistic styles that respond to the impressionist
movement optically.

- Starry Night by Van Gogh

Neo-Impressionism- Various artists have initiated and resurrected the original trend of expressionism at
the beginning of the 20th century.

- “Luxe, Calme at Volupte” which as inspired by “L’invitation au voyage”, Charles Baudelaire’s

poem.

Symbolism- In contrast to impressionism, which emphasizes the realities of a painting's generated

surface, symbolism implies ideas through symbols and stresses the meaning behind shapes, lines, forms,
and paints.

- Angel of the Death

Art Nouveau- sought to modernize the design and avoid diverse historical styles that are previously
common.

- Casa Batllo

Fauvism- The Fauves were a loosely associated community of French painters with common interests.

- Matisse's "Le Bonheur de Vivre (The Joy of Life)”

Expressionism- has emerged as an answer to the widespread concern over the increasing division
between humankind and the world and the lost feelings of legitimacy and spirituality in different cities
around the globe at the same time.

- Self-Portrait with Chinese Lantern Plant

Cubism- Through a focus on the underlying nature of the shape.

- Les Demoiselles d’Avignon by Pablo Picasso

Futurism- The Futurists concentrated on change and progressivism and attempted to eradicate and
replace conventional artistic conceptions with a robust affirmation of the era of technology.

- Walking Man Sculpture

Dadaism- Dada's aesthetics is characterized by the spiteful ridicule of materialism and nationalism that
strongly influenced artists in several urban areas.
 - Construction for Noble Ladies” is an example of Schwitters' use of abstraction in collage and
sculpture.

Surrealism- surrealists attempted to incorporate the unconscious to open creativity.

- Leonora Carrington depicted more profound experiences of women, especially in male-

dominated societies and environments.

Constructivism- It drew inspiration from Cubism, surrealism, and futurism. However, in essence, it was a
completely new approach to create objects, which attempted to remove through composition
conventional artistic considerations and substitute them for "construction."

- Monument to the Third International, also known as Tatlin's Tower (Vladimir Tatlin’s Monument
to the Third International

De Stijl- De Stijl transformation involves an abstract wall-down design that makes use of geometric
shapes and primary colors.

- Geometric shapes

Popular Art- In pop art, subjects were not conventionally designed to be “great art”.

- Roy Lichtenstein’s “Whaam!”

Minimalism- Modern art prefers sleek over “dramatic;” minimalist works are mostly made of recycled
resources and stressed abstract expressionism’s anonymity.

- Carl Andre’s 144 Magnesium Square in 1969

Conceptual art -is a trend that rewards concepts about the visual or formal components of pieces of art.
Conceptualism has adopted many forms, including performance, events, and ephemera instead of a
firmly unified movement.

- Ewa Partum’s Active Poetry in 1971

Photorealism- Photorealists (also known as hyperrealists or super realists) refer to artists who rely
heavily on photographs and often project them onto canvas to reproduce images correctly and
accurately.

- “focusing on building facades, neon signage, movie marquees, and storefronts”

Installation Art- a term that is widely used to characterize artworks found in 3D interior spaces because
“install” denotes inside something else.

GENRES OF MUSIC

Baroque Music – known for its grand, dramatic, and energetic spirit, as well as its stylistic diversity.

 Johann Sebastian Bach- organist in Arnstadt

  Antonio Vivaldi- had the moniker “Il Prete Rosso” (meaning red priest) because of his red hair,
his pictorial surname soon became the only remnant of his priesthood as he withdrew from his
vocation.
 George Fredric Hande- showed considerable musical promise in Halle, similar to his friend
Telemann but was encouraged instead to study law
 Arcangelo Corelli - studied composition and violin in Bologna, which is close to his hometown
 François Couperin- more traditional suites of his clavichord music publications and often avoided
standard dance movements to favor the evocative bits of character.
 Johann Pachelbel- a German composer who was recognized as one of the great oran masters of
the generation before Johann Bach
 Franz Peter Schubert - was one of the prominent composers during the late Classical and early
Romantic eras.

Classical Music – produced or enraptured in Western traditions, both liturgical (religious) and secular.

 Franz Joseph Haydn was a great composer who reflected the essence of classical composition.
 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart became a musical prodigy at the age of five
 Antonio Salieri famous Kapellmeister
 Muzio Clementi was a dominant and articulate proponent of the piano as “the father of
pianofort
 Ludwig van Beethoven ranked among the most performed of the classical music repertoire.
 Luigi Boccherini stayed with Haydn. Musicologists occasionally refer to Boccherini as the “wife of
Haydn.

Romantic Music – The theory of romanticism is an intellectual and artistic literary movement that
became popular in Europe from about 1800 to 1910.

 Frederic Chopin was a Polish musician who specialized in etude, mazurka, night-time, waltz, and
Polish.
 Franz Joseph Liszt is probably one of the greatest pianists to have ever lived; he was a Hungarian
composer and pianist
 Giuseppe Verdi was a famous Italian composer, including Jerusalem, Rigoletto, and Aida, for his
operas.
 Clara Wieck Schumann was a prolific German composer and pianist.
 Carl Maria von Weber was best known for his operas which made him one of the many
significant composers of the Romantic era. His works were truly a crucial figure in the
development of romantic opera.
 Wilhelm Richard Wagner was a theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is mainly known
for his operas. In contrast to most opera composers, Wagner wrote the libretto and the music for
each of his stage work.
 Jacques Brahms was remembered for his more or less 100 operettas during the 1850s and most
especially his uncompleted opera in the 1870s, “The Tales of Hoffmann”
 Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was the first Russian composer best known during the Romantic period
and was honored in 1884 a lifetime pension from Tsar Alexander III.
  Richard Georg Strauss was the successor of Richard Wagner and Franz Liszt. He was a German
violinist, conductor, pianist and composer and was recognized as one of the leading composers
during his time.

Modern Music – The defining characteristic of contemporary music (including modern art in general) is
the breakdown of all conventional aesthetics that unleashes complete freedom in any esthetic
dimension, including melody, rhythm, and chord growth.

 Claude Debussy was a French composer that opposed the concept of impressionism strongly.
 Arnold Schoenberg approach became one of the most influential in harmonic thought in the
20th century.
 Joseph-Maurice Ravel was a French composer, pianist, and director.
 John Cage was one of the most prominent composers of the 20th century and was a pioneer in
the body of music that he described as “the current transformation from keyboardbased music
into all sound music for the future,” which includes over 16 percussion scores from 1930 to
1950. In his fifties, he introduced new methods of composition, incorporating elements of
chance and attempts to isolate the variable from the phase of composition.
 Philip Glass trained for the Philip GLASS Ensemble with Nadia Boulanger and Ravi Shankar. His
first opera, “Einstein on the Beach,” earned him praise and eventually received Oscar awards for
scoring the films “Kundun: The Hours” and “Notes on a Scandal.”

SOUL MAKING

- Has several forms: crafting images, crafting tales, crafting instruments, crafting gestures, and
crafting strategies.

Crafting a Poem

 Find your spark. find an emotion or experience that can serve as your inspiration for your poem.
 Fleshing it out. Expand the idea.
3. Structure and form. Think what structure best fits your style.
 Content. You may now start to put everything in place in the poem and begin the actual writing
part of poetry.
 Voice and Imagery. be smart in placing poetic devices throughout your piece.
 Word Choice. Choose the best words that will help convey the meaning you want to
communicate with the reader.
 Concept and Clarity. Ensure that words and devices are working together
 Line Length. Consider the line length of your poem concerning the form that you choose.
 Rhythm and Sound. Examine the technical aspects of your poetry
 Read it aloud. The presentation of a poem shows its flaws and powers in a manner that no visual
analysis can do.
Crafting Stories

 Show Do Not Tell. You begin the cycle of making them look after until they are in your shoes to
ensure that the story is much less likely to be abandoned at an early stage.
 Shock and Surprise. Start with something you were not waiting for your readers.
 Relatability. If you want to keep your readers on the hook, they must relate to the story.
 Raise the Stakes. you play with their emotions. Making this too “standard” will make your
readers slip right out of the hook once more.
 Mining the Depths. You have got the characters to come to life.
 Make It Memorable. Powerful writing gives the reader a positive memory that reminds them of
you, the author.

Crafting Instruments – The transformation of any discovered or used material into a musical instrument
allows you to discover harmony and balance to produce a beautiful and magical tone.

Crafting Movements

 Select the right music. Choose music to which you want to dance and relax while you watch it
again and again.
 Start creating the dance step. According to Bedinghaus (2019), you need to craft your movement
the way you would write your first few words in a poem.
 Plan the chorus part. Your best option is every time the chorus is playing should follow the same
series of moves.
 Plan the ending. Prepare the big finale. You may take a firm stand on the new comments.
 Practice more. When the dance is performed, the moves will be memorized.
 Be ready for the performance. When you are confident and believe like you have choreographed
a full dance, it is time to show it.

SEVEN (7) DA VINCIAN PRINCIPLES

 Curiosita. An insatiable curiosity about life and a constant desire for continuing knowledge.
 Dimonstraziones. A dedication to creativity, patience, and a desire to learn from failures of the
past. It is the scientific approach used in everyday life.
 Sensaziones. Continuous sensory enhancement as a way of enlivening memory. They ought to
be mindful of what is happening around them to be creative. Effective communication is one of
the key business subjects. We listen passively frequently in industry and ignore critical
knowledge that may motivate a new idea.
 Sfumato. The word is translated into smoke. We can embrace uncertainty, confusion, and
vulnerability. As the old saying goes, uncertainty and transition are the only two inevitable things
in life.
 Arte/scienza. Developing a balance between creativity and reality. Creativity without rationality
is a daydream, and reality is dull without creativity. The contrast between art and science, as well
as whole-brain thought, are other words for this.
 Corporalita. The aim is to keep the body safe and the mind balanced. Have you ever seen a
completely sick artistic person? While here and there are several examples, they are rare. One of
Da Vinci’s core ideas is that our bodies stay fit to keep our minds fit. Fit minds give efficient and
practical ideas.
 Connesione. This is a clear realization that all events and phenomena are related. When we
talked early, it is not just a matter of coming up with something brand different, often finding the
similarities in how to use old material in new ways.

Narrative – means the choice of events to be linked and to relate – so, instead of a story itself, it
depicts the particular manifestation of the story.

Appropriation –in art and art history refer to artists' work utilizing prior artifacts or pictures of
painting with no initial transformation.

Borrowing – Artists have also copied other artists' works to learn about the methods and processes
of art.

Ownership – Many artists' copying of art was a vexing problem in modern years; nevertheless, such a
form of copying was popular in art history.

Copyright – All work of art, including but not limited to photos, drawings, sketches, maps, diagrams,
caricatures (static not moving animations), logos, engravings, sketches, designs, and architectural
models, can be liable to copyright.

Copyright Ownership – Physical possession varied greatly from ownership of copyright. Copyright is
generally the artist or author's property but may vary based on conditions such as occupations or
licensing agreements.

FIVE ACTS OF CULTURAL APPROPRIATION

- cultural appropriation is distinct from acculturation, assimilation, or even cultural fusion because
it is a form of colonization.
 Object Appropriation – Physical artworks will be the first kind of item with which we will be
dealing. It refers to the appropriation of those items as appropriations for objects.
 Content Appropriation. The second type of item that could be appropriated is intangible. It
might be a musical composition, a story, or a poem. Content appropriation is going to be the
mark for this kind of possession.
 Style Appropriation. Something less than a full expression of an artistic idea can be appropriated.
 Motif Appropriation- This method of appropriation is similar to style appropriation, but only
simple motifs are appropriated.
 Subject Appropriation. A final appropriation that differs from the other types can be identified.
In various discussions on cultural appropriation, questions have been raised about externals
portraying individuals or entities from another society in their artworks.