PCE Week 10: Introduce-

Theorem. A linear transformation T: Rn —> Rn is

diagonalizable if and only it has an eigenbasis.
E
- 18 +
At + Ava +
1-2)( 5)
- -

2 s 2
10 - 3
-01 2)
25t
-
=
-

2 S
= -

2 + (x)( -

3) = -

↳
8 2
8
56
O + +

24 2
-

10

-
22

/ ( :)

(5) z
A
= QG
R

J
DA =

R
I]
CATA)"AT5

(iii)(ii)
P
·
[ii]
PCE PO -

solidity :

Theorem A scalar 1 of the matrix

is
eigenvalue
:
an nxn

A itland it) def/A- X (1) =

only
-

Av =
X

AT -
Xv = 0

AV -

XIn = 0

(A -

XIn)i = 0

-E isn't infective invertible

Null (A-1In) = A- xIn : is not

: det /A-1)In) = s

[0 -2)
detA-Inx)
=
-

X( x)-
X
S

o
=
x2 - 1
 Lecture :

-[i & A -

XIn
[ ]
=

activiti
Xt

I
Av

I
=

-
I
An = X Int X
2
-

(A- xIn)v = J

def(A -

XIn) = 0
x -

x) = x)
+

c -

x) -

n( x) =

(25 2) (x x)

:
+
-
-

↑I
(1
x)((1 x)( x) ()( 1)
-

-
- - -

(1 -

x)( x + y + 1) + (x -

2) + (2x -
1
(
#D + + + =
D- -

2
+ -
1

X + 2x -
X -
2
 X + 2x -
X -
2

x+ x + 2x -
2

x(x x) -

+ 2(x 1) -

o
= (x 1)(2 3)
- -
= (x 1)(x + 1)(2 x)
-
-

x =
11 2
,

End for
the basic eigen rector

x =
-

11 2
T

La
(1) (i) ( )
nur
:

B
=

(() (i) (i)] . .

eigen basis

[A]B =

[i]
=

[]
[A]i SAS ,
=

[F(B)
↳
[A] + =
Sayi A
SB - E
↑
4 in E
↑ go from i to &
multiply By A

in B the
go back from .
2 to B

[i] [i] =

↑
Sce =

[B)1] met (1) Sea]

 when colod a are orthenormal basis

ATA : In

XT
x
y y
- =

*
(AF) ·

(Ay) =
(A* )
(Ay) = *TATAj =

+ =y T
-

= X -

Utup 1IVIP 1/wp

-M
= + + 2 Vow
#eno-PLE Expand (ONe NETE) :

New Vocab : Trade of a Matrix A

.

tr(a) =
the sum of its
diagonal entries

[ Y]
a + d = - 2

ad - cb = -

+
(a-X by x(aed
ad = a

ad + y = bc + x(a + 1)

(a y)(d
-
-
x) -
bc = 0 -

3 + y =
-

2x

P + 2x -

3
(a -

X)(d x) -
=
b <
(x -

1)(X 2) -

ad -
Xd -
ay + y = bc
 Week11-PCE : Introduce

=> Theorem . Let T :

IR"-IR" be a linear transformation

Eigenvectors of T that correspond toAdstinct

eigenvalues are
linearly independant

=> theorem : if T : /"-IRL m distinct

has

eigenvalues then T is
diagonalizable

=> Theorem: Let T : IR"tIRh ,

T/2) = At and let X be

geometric multiplicity
of T Then the ofI
an
eigenvalue .
is less

algebrial multiplicity
than of 1.
or
equal to

gemu (1)
< almu(x)
same
thing

u
~
/Lecture 1)
Week 10
Monday
-

det (A -
XI) => f(x) = x(x -

x(y
RREf[A x]
their
algebriac multiplicity -

almu(0) 1
=>
X = 0 =

↓ X almu(x) = r

gemu(x) = #of

free variable :

dimension of the

eigenspace
 diagonalizable (VC -

diagonal matrix

diagonalizable(v) -
11 11

diagonalizable (v)-

Neigenvalue w/ alma's genm = n

not
diagonalizable(X)-genuz almu
eigenvalues associated /
rotation
not diagonalizable (X)- no

diagonalizable (v)
diagonalizable (v)
diagonalizable (v)