Academic Journal of Plant Sciences 6 (4): 146-167, 2013

ISSN 1995-8986
© IDOSI Publications, 2013
DOI: 10.5829/idosi.ajps.2013.6.4.1116

Floristic Diversity of Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh, India

1
Vijay V. Wagh and 2Ashok K. Jain

Plant Diversity, Systematics and Herbarium Division,

1

CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001 (Uttar Pradesh), India

2
School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior-474 011 (Madhya Pradesh), India

Abstract: The present study was carried out in Jhabua district, situated in the western most part of Madhya
Pradesh. The present study shows that 692 species of angiosperms under 469 genera belonging to 115 families
are found in Jhabua district. Out of these 150 species in 102 genera and 20 families belongs to Monocot and
542 species in 367 genera and 95 families belongs to Dicot. The tribal of the district are totally depends on the
forest resources for their livelihood. Due to some natural and manmade factors several species are struggling
for their existence, proper conservation and management plans are needed to save the natural resources
especially medicinal and dwindling plant species of the district.

Key words: Jhabua district Floristic diversity Dicot Monocot Species

INTRODUCTION wetlands, mangroves, coral reefs and deserts [7]. India

holds a prominent position among the eight Vavilovian
India has been recognized as one of the 12- Centres of origin of cultivated plants, which is the
megadivesity countries of the world and it is estimated geographic region where crops exhibit maximum
that these 12 countries possess 70% of the world total diversity in terms of number of races and botanical
flowering plants [1]. With only 2.5% of the earth’s land varieties [8]. Today, about 166 crop species and well over
area, India accounts for 8% of the recorded species of the 324 species of wild relatives of crop plants are recognized
world which includes millions of races, subspecies and and utilized for food production. Wild edible plants
local variants of species and the ecological processes and account for nearly 1000 species serving various purposes:
cycles that link organisms into population, communities 145 as roots/tubers, 526 as leafy vegetables/greens, 101
and all different ecosystems [2]. Demographically, it is the for buds / flower, 647 for fruits and 18 for seeds and nuts
second largest populated country in the world and a [9].
majority of its population directly depends on biological It is considered to be the centre of origin for about
resources for livelihood. Western Ghats and Eastern 30,000 to 50,000 varieties of rice, pigeon-pea, mango,
Himalayas of India are two of the 18 hotspots of the world turmeric, ginger, sugar-cane, goose berry, etc., along with
due to rich phytodiversity and high percentage of the richness of marine biodiversity comprising coral reefs
endemism [3]. Chowdhary and Murti [4] have pointed out and mangroves [10]. Coral reefs are considered as the
that approximately 17,500 species of angiosperms occur in ‘rain forests of the sea’ and the mangrove cover of India
India, while Kartikeyan [5] has estimated approximately is around 4, 24,400 ha [11]. However, this rich biodiversity
16,809 species in India. Further, it is highly significant to of India, which is the hub of wheel of life is under severe
note that India harbours maximum number of endemic threat owing to several anthropogenic activities. Jain [12]
species i.e. 5725 angiosperms, 10 gymnosperms, 1200 stated that the flora of our country is very rich in many
pteridophytes, 678 bryophytes, 260 liverworts, 466 ways, in number of species, in economic potential, in
lichens, 3500 fungi and 1924 algae [6]. The main natural endemism and not unoften in uniqueness of biological
habitat types of India include forests, grasslands, characteristics.

Corresponding Author: Vijay V. Wagh Plant Diversity, Systematics and Herbarium Division,
CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001 (Uttar Pradesh), India.
E-mail: vijaywagh65@gmail.com
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Fig. 1: Map of Jhabua District of Madhya Pradesh, India

Study Site: Jhabua is the district head-quarter, situated in

western part of Madhya Pradesh and situated at 22' 47 N
latitude and 71' 35 E longitude at an average altitude of
428 m above mean sea level (Fig. 1). Total area of the
district is 6,792 Kms. The Total population of the district
as per 2001 census is 13, 94,345. Most of the village
habitants of Jhabua belong to tribal communities like
Bheel, Bhilala and Pataya. Out of these tribes Bheel and
Bhilala stand high in strength, scattered in most of the
villages of the district. The Bhil tribe is one of the most
important and the third largest tribe of India (Fig. 2). The
name has been derived from Dravidian word bil or vil
meaning bow because they always keep bow and arrow
for hunting. Bheel and Bhilala tribes live close to the
forest and are largely dependent on the wild biological
resources for their livelihood. They consume leaves, Fig. 2: Bhil Tribe family

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flower, corm, fruits, rhizome and bulbs, which are Dicot (Fig. 3). In life form category herbaceous species
considered as highly nutritional with high medicinal value. represents the highest numbers of species i.e. (374
In district about 28% of the area is covered with forest species) followed trees (130 species), shrubs (98 species),
whose total area counts to 1900 sq. km. The main climbers (80 species), Lianas (7 species) and parasitic
products of the forest are wood, tendu leaves, mahua and plants (3 species) Fig. 4.
bamboo. Local tribals are mostly dependent on forest for The ratio among monocot to Dicot with respect to
their daily needs. families, genera and species, families to genera and genera
It was observed through published literature that a to species with respect to Dicot, Monocot and total have
thorough floristic survey in reference to its relationship been given in Table 2. It is apparent from the data that the
with tribes of Jhabua district is altogether wanting. ratio of families to genera with respect to monocot to dicot
However some scattered information is available but not is higher than with respect to genera to species. While the
sufficient. Further, no systematic and studies on floristic ratio of monocot to dicot with respect to families is higher
diversity of Jhabua district were made. To fill this gap the than with respect to genera and species. On the other
present study has been carried out to collect the entire hand, the ratio of genera to species with respect to Dicot
information on angiospermic phytodiversity of Jhabua is higher than that of monocot and total.
district. Samvatsar [13] has made some floristic studies in The comparative status of families genera and
some districts of western Madhya Pradesh. Kadel [14] and species in India, Madhya Pradesh and Jhabua district
Kadel and Jain [15] have studied some ethnobotanical have been presented in Figs. 5, 6 and 7 [5, 33].
aspects of Jhabua district. Wagh and Jain studies some The data presented in (Fig. 8) reveals that Poaceae
threatened medicinal plant as well as some ethnobotanical (71 species) is the dominant family in the Jhabua district
aspects of the district [16-18]. Jain et al., [19] have made followed by Fabaceae (64 species), Asteraceae (38),
study on the presence of some miniature sacred groves in Euphorbiaceae (31 species), Acanthaceae (23 species),
Jhabua district and their conservation status. Despite the Convolvulaceae, (22 species), Malvaceae (20 species),
vast and varied flora of Western Madhya Pradesh the Caesalpiniaceae (18 species), Cucurbitaceae (17 species),
floristic diversity of the Jhabua district has not been Apocynaceae (16 species), Solanaceae and Verbenaceae
explored sufficiently. (14 species each).
It is noteworthy that the ten dominant families of
MATERIALS AND METHODS Jhabua district as given in (Fig.9) comprise 321 species
46.38 % of the total species included in the present work
Intensive floristic surveys were undertaken during while remaining 105 families with a total of 371 species
2008-2013 in Jhabua forest division in the manner so that constitute 53.61 %.
each locality could be studied in each season of the year.
Periodic collection of plants was made from each locality. Species under 10 dominant families
The plants were dried and pressed in the field and taken Species under remaining 105 families
to the laboratory and herbarium was prepared according
to the customary methods [20]. These plant specimens Results indicate that Euphorbia and Ipomoea (11
were critically studied and identified with the help of species each) are the most dominant genus in the district
various floras and published literature [21-32]. The followed by Ficus (7 species), Cyperus and Cassia (6
identification was also made by referring some authentic species each), Phyllanthus, Terminalia and Habenaria (5
publications and deposited in the herbarium of School of species each), Alysicarpus and Clerodendrum (4 species
Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior. each) (Fig. 10).
It is interesting to record that monotypic genera
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION occur in Jhabua district. These are Cocos, Desmostachya,
Digera, Gloriosa, Haldina, Hemidesmus, Hydrilla,
The present study shows that 692 species of Kigelia, Lablab, Lawsonia, Martynia, Millingtonia,
angiosperms under 469 genera belonging to 115 families Nelsonia, Nicandra, Oroxylum, Oougeinia, Pongamia,
are found in Jhabua district (Table 1). Out of these 150 Rhoeo, Ricinus, Schleichera, Soymida and Tamarindus.
species in 102 genera and 20 families belongs to Monocot Further, some of the genera, which are represented in
and 542 species in 367 genera and 95 families belongs to India by single species (including cultivated) also occur

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Fig. 3: Status of families, genera and species

Fig. 4: Life form of the species

Fig. 5: Comparative status of families in India, Madhya Pradesh and Jhabua district

Fig. 6: Comparative status of Genera in India, Madhya Pradesh and Jhabua district

in the region these are Aegle, Anthocephalus, Blainvillea, There are some species which have not been
Chrysanthemum, Cissampelos, Costus, Diplocyclos, reported in the flora of Madhya Pradesh but occur in the
Wattakaka, Holarrhena, Hydrolea, Lagascea,Phyla, area under investigation. These are Neuracanthus
Tridax, Waltheria and Woodfordia. sphaerostachys and Habenaria longicorniculata.

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Table 1: List of plant species found in Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh, India
Family Local Name Life form
DICOTYLEDON
MAGNOLIACEAE
Michelia champaca L. (JBA-278) Champa Tree
DILLENACEAE
Dillenia indica L. (JBA-259) Chalta Tree
ANNONACEAE
Annona reticulata L (JBA-471) Ranphal Tree
Annona squamosa L. (JBA-134) Sitaphal Shrub
Miliusa tomentosa (Roxb.) Sinclair (JBA-58) Umbia Tree
Polyalthia longifolia (Sonner.) Thw. (JBA-180) Ashok Tree
MENISPERMACEAE
Cissampelos pareira L. var. hirsuta (Buch.-Ham. ex DC.) Forman (JBA-126) Bhanjvel Climber
Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels (JBA-248) Veshang Climber
Cocculus pendulus (Forst.) Diels (JBA-181) Jaljamni Climber
Stephania glabra (Roxb.) Miers (JBA-299) Climber
Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. and Thoms (JBA-574) Giloy Climber
PAPAVERACEAE
Argemone mexicana L. (JBA-210). Satyanashi Herb
Fumaria indica (Hassk.) Pugsley (JBA-359) Pitpapda Herb
Papaver rhoeas L. (JBA-568) Herb
CAPPARACEAE
Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew.(JBA-723) Tethi Shrub
Capparis sepiaria L. (JBA-324) Kurrel Shrub
BRASSICACEAE
Brassica campestris L. (JBA-323) Rai Herb
Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. (JBA-353) Bandh gobi Herb
Raphanus sativus L. (JBA-573) Muli Herb
CLEOMACEAE
Cleome gynandra L. (JBA-15) Hulhul Herb
Cleome scaposa DC. (JBA-548) Herb
Cleome viscosa L. (JBA-402) Kuslya Herb
Crateva religiosa Forst. f. (JBA-473) Tree
VIOLACEAE
Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) f. v. Muell.(JBA-325) Ratnpurus Herb
FLACOURTIACEAE
Casearia elliptica Willd. (JBA-491) Kirchi Tree
Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr. (JBA-567) Bilanga Shrub
PITTOSPORACEAE
Pittosporum wightii A.K. Mukherjee (JBA-360) Yekadi Tree
POLYGALACEAE
Polygala chinensis L. (JBA-53) Kanphua Herb
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lamk. (JBA-476) Chiriya Herb
PORTULACACEAE
Portulaca oleracea L. (JBA-428) Golbgaji Herb
Portulaca pilosa L. ssp. grandiflora (Hook.) Geesink (JBA-566) Noniya Herb
MALVACEAE
Abelmoschus esculentus (Linn.) Moench. (JBA-291) Bhindi Herb
Abelmoschus ficulneus (L.) W. and A. ex Wt.(JBA-212) Ran bhindi Shrub
Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic. ssp. tetraphyllus (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Borss. (JBA-183) Jangali bhindi Shrub
Abelmoschus moschatus Medic. (JBA-306) Mushk dana Herb
Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet (JBA-02) Kanghi Herb
Abutilon pannosum (Forst. f.) Schlect.(JBA-298) Kasili Shrub
Gossypium hirsutum L. (JBA-260) Kapas Shrub
Hibiscus cannabinus L. (JBA-244) Kundrung Herb
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (JBA-11) Gurhal Shrub

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Table 1: Continued
Hibiscus vitifolius L. (JBA-253) Jangali kapas Herb
Kydia calycina Roxb. (JBA-184) Barangi Tree
Malvaviscus conzattii Greenm. (JBA-273) Shrub
Pavonia zeylanica (L.) Cav. (JBA-150) Herb
Sida acuta Burm. f. (JBA-490) Bala Herb
Sida alba L. (JBA-326) Aribala Herb
Sida cordifolia L. (JBA-539) Barilal Herb
Sida rhombifolia L. (JBA-482) Bhuinguli Herb
Thespesia lampas (Cav. ) Dalz. and Gibs.(JBA-579) Bankapas Shrub
Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Correa (JBA-572) Paras peepal Tree
Urena lobata L. (JBA-564) Bachita Shrub
BOMBACACEAE
Adansonia digitata L. (JBA-330) Gorakh Imli Tree
Bombax ceiba L. (JBA-48) Semala Tree
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. (JBA-575) Safed semal Tree
Chorisia speciosa St. Hill. (JBA-722) Safed semal Tree
STERCULIACEAE
Helicteres isora L. (JBA-138) Atodi Shrub
Sterculia urens Roxb. (JBA-152) Kadai Tree
Waltheria indica L. (JBA-468) Khain Herb
TILIACEAE
Corchorus capsularis L. (JBA-551) Cheja Herb
Corchorus olitorius L. (JBA-61) Rajan ki bhaji Herb
Corchorus tridens L. (JBA-577) Bhaji Herb
Corchorus trilocularis L. (JBA-22) Herb
Grewia flavescens Juss. (JBA-137) Choti dhamni Shrub
Grewia subinaequalis DC. (JBA-469) Phalsa Tree
Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. (JBA-580) Dhaman Shrub
Triumfetta pentandra A. Rich. (JBA-156) Liptiya Herb
Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. (JBA-342) Kalaliptiya Herb
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
Tribulus terrestris L. (JBA-27) Gokhru Herb
ELAEOCARPACEAE
Elaeocarpus prunifolius (C. Muell.) Masters (JBA-416) Rudraksha Tree
LINACEAE
Linum usitatissimum L. (JBA-396) Alsi Herb
OXALIDACEAE
Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (JBA-559) Lajwanti Herb
Oxalis corniculata L. (JBA-107) Khatti buti Herb
Oxalis corymbosa DC.(JBA-429) Herb
BALSAMINACEAE
Impatiens balsamina L. (JBA-10) Jangali Tilli Herb
RUTACEAE
Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa (JBA-252) Belpatra Tree
Citrus limona (L.) Burm. f. (JBA-576) Nibbu Shrub
Feronia limonia (L.) Swingle (JBA-185) kaith Tree
Murraya koenighii (L.) Spreng. (JBA-406) Meetha neem Shrub
Murraya paniculata (L.) (JBA-261) Madhukamini Shrub
SIMAROUBACEAE
Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. (JBA-96) mahaneem Tree
BALANITACEAE
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile (JBA-724) Hingoti Tree
BURSERACEAE
Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. (JBA-244) Salai Tree
Garuga pinnata Roxb. (JBA-135) Kakad Tree
MELIACEAE
Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (JBA-72) Limda Tree

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Table 1: Continued
Melia azedarach L. (JBA-216) Bakayan Tree
Soymida febrifuga (Roxb. ) A. Juss. (JBA-463) Rohan Tree
CELASTRACEAE
Cassine glauca (Rottb.) O. Kuntze (JBA-341) Bhutkasa Tree
Celastrus paniculatus willd. (JBA-412) Kangan Climber
Maytenus emarginata (Willd.) Ding Hou (JBA-194) Bekal Shrub
RHAMNACEAE
Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. (JBA-28) Ber Tree
Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f.) Wt. and Arn. (JBA-139) Jhaberi Shrub
Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. (JBA-385) Makoya Shrub
Ziziphus xylocarpus (Retz.) Willd.(JBA-55) Ghont Shrub
VITACEAE
Ampelocissus latifolia (Roxb.) Planch. (JBA-280) Jangali angur Climber
Cissus quandrangularis L. (JBA-235) Hadjod Climber
Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin (JBA-63) Panvelo Climber
LEEACEAE
Leea asiatica (L.) Ridsdale (JBA-425) Nanli Danhi Herb
Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem.(JBA-425) Motali Danhi Herb
SAPINDACEAE
Cardiospermum halicacabum L. (JBA-179) Kanphuta Herb
Dodonaea angustifolia L. f. (JBA-277) Sukha Kamer Shrub
Sapindus emarginatus Vahl. (JBA-549) Reetha Tree
Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken. (JBA-481) Kusum Tree
ANACARDIACEAE
Anacardium occidentale L. (JBA-130) Kaju Tree
Buchanania lanzan Spreng. (JBA-387) Chironji Tree
Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. (JBA-424) Moyana Tree
Mangifera indica L. (JBA-113) Aam Tree
Rhus parviflora Roxb. ex DC. (JBA-329) Tung Tree
Spondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz (JBA-327) Khattamba Tree
MORINGACEAE
Moringa oleifera Lamk. (JBA-464) Sahjana Tree
FABACEAE
Abrus precatorious L.(JBA-44) Ratti Climber
Abrus pulchellus Wallich ex Thwaites (JBA-171) kali ratti Climber
Aeschynomeme indica L. (JBA-558) Phulan Herb
Alysicarpus bupleurifolius (L.) DC. (JBA-430) Galiya Herb
Alysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC. (JBA-69) Katkhairi Herb
Alysicarpus rugosus (Willd.) DC. (JBA-570) Jaingali gailiya Herb
Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. (JBA-331) Herb
Arachis hypogea L. (JBA-343) Moongphali Herb
Atylosia platycarpa Benth. (JBA-552) Bankultha Herb
Atylosia scarabaeoides (L.) Benth. Jangali Kulthya Climber
Butea monosperma (Lamk.) Taub. (JBA-589) Palash Tree
Butea monosperma var. lutea (Witt) Maheshwari (JBA-247) Pila palash Tree
Butea superba Roxb. (JBA-177) Palash bel Climber
Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth (JBA-553) Arhar Herb
Cicer arietinum L. (JBA-397) Chana Herb
Clitoria ternatea L. (JBA-39) Aparajita Climber
Crotolaria filipes Benth. (JBA-431) Bhuinkhod Herb
Crotolaria juncea L. (JBA-66) Sanai Herb
Crotolaria medicaginea Lamk. (JBA-489) Gulabi Herb
Crotolaria ramossissima Roxb. (JBA-199) Harduli Herb
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. (JBA-297) Gwar Herb
Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. (JBA-91) Sheesham Tree
Dalbergia paniculata Roxb. (JBA-243) Dhoban Tree
Dalbergia sisoo Roxb. (JBA-13) Sheesham Tree

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Table 1: Continued
Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. (JBA-20) sarivan Herb
Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC. (JBA-281) Herb
Erythrina stricta Roxb. (JBA-198) Handau Tree
Erythrina suberosa Roxb. (JBA-125) Gadhapalas Tree
Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. (JBA-269) Tarul Tree
Glycine max (L.) Merr. (JBA-242) Soybean Herb
Goniogyna hirta (Willd.) Ali (JBA-142) Herb
Indigofera cordifolia Heyne ex Roth. (JBA-409) Nilawari Herb
Indigofera linifolia (L. f.) Retz. (JBA-144) Torki Herb
Indigofera linnaei Ali (JBA-201) Bhuiguli Herb
Indigofera trita L. f. (JBA-08) Nil Shrub
Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet ( JBA-276) Papdi Climber
Lathyrus aphaca L. (JBA-186) Jangali matar Herb
Lathyrus sativus L. (JBA-146) Vachanio Herb
Medicago sativa L. (JBA-213) Ranmetho Herb
Melilotus indica (L.) Ali. (JBA-321) Jangali methi Herb
Milletia extensa (Benth.) Baker (JBA-240) Goradbel Climber
Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. (JBA-31) Kewanch Climber
Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wallich ex Wight) Baker ex Burck. (JBA-195) Kwachphalli Climber
Ougeinia oogeinsis (Roxb.) Hockhr. (JBA-262) Tinchali Tree
Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Pierre (JBA-480) kanji Tree
Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. (JBA-206) Beejasal Tree
Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC. (JBA-303) Sirbala Climber
Rhynchosia capitata DC. (JBA-162) Bada tinchlo Climber
Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. (JBA-197) Chota tinchlo Climber
Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir. (JBA-290) Agast Tree
Stylosanthes fruticosa (Retz.) Mohlenbr. (JBA-554) Herb
Tephrosia hookeriana Wight and Arn. (JBA-432) Garrah Shrub
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. (JBA-521) Sarpunkha Herb
Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. (JBA-542) Bhamasia Herb
Teramnus labialis (L. f.) Spreng. (JBA-415) Mashoni Climber
Trifolium pratense L. (JBA-492) Lusan Herb
Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (JBA-433) Methi Herb
Uraria picta (Jacq.) Desv. (JBA-322) Dabra Herb
Vicia sativa L. (JBA-332) Herb
Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper (JBA-411) Urd Herb
Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek (JBA-414) Moog Herb
Vigna sublobata (Roxb.) Babu and Sharma (JBA-362) Jangali moog Herb
Zornia gibbosa Span. (JBA-466) Herb
CAESALPINIACEAE
Bauhinia acuminata L. (JBA-546) Ahlad Tree
Bauhinia purpurea L. (JBA-73) Koliar Tree
Bauhinia tomentosa L. (JBA-413) Pila Kachnar Shrub
Bauhinia variegata L. (JBA-312) Kachnar Tree
Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. (JBA-591) Ghataran Shrub
Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston (JBA-344) Chilati Shrub
Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) (JBA-467) Gulturah Shrub
Cassia absus L. (JBA-16) Chakasu Herb
Cassia fistula L. (JBA-50) Garmala Tree
Cassia kleinii Wight and Arn. (JBA-345) Herb
Cassia occidentalis L. (JBA-257) Kasondi Shrub
Cassia siamea Lamk. (JBA-67) Kasod Tree
Cassia tora L. (JBA-129) Puadiya Herb
Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Rafin. (JBA-169) Gulmohar Tree
Hardwickia binata Roxb. (JBA-103) Anjan Tree
Parkinsonia aculeata L.(JBA-543) Bilayati babool Shrub

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Table 1: Continued
Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Baker ex K. Heyne (JBA-522) Tree
Tamarindus indica L. (JBA-05) Imli Tree
MIMOSACEAE
Acacia auriculoformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. (JBA-352) Tree
Acacia catechu (L. f.) Willd. (JBA-560) Khairi Tree
Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. (JBA-45) Reunja Tree
Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile subsp. indica (Benth.) Brenan (JBA-132) Babool Tree
Albizia lebbek (L.) Benth. (JBA-95) Kala Siris Tree
Albizia odoratissima (L. f.) Benth. (JBA-271) Chichwa Tree
Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. (JBA-46) Safed Siris Tree
Leucaena leucocephala (Lamk.) de Wit (JBA-119) Subabul Tree
Mimosa hamata Willd. (JBA-523) Shrub
Mimosa himalayana Gamble (JBA-478) Aar Shrub
Mimosa pudica L. (JBA-475) Lajwanti Herb
Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. in Hook. (JBA-479) Jangali jalebi Tree
Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. (JBA-26) Vilayati babul Tree
ROSACEAE
Rosa multiflora Thunb.(JBA-384) Gulab bel Climber
CRASSULACEAE
Kalanchoe lanceolata (Forsk.) Pers. var. glandulosa (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Cufod. (JBA-398) Khatua Herb
Kalanchoe pinnata (Lamk.) Pers. (JBA-435) Patharchatta Herb
VAHLIACEAE
Vahliya digyna (Retz.) Kuntze (JBA-434) Herb
COMBRETACEAE
Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. ex Guill. and Perr (JBA-292) Safed Dhawada Tree
Anogeissus pendula Edgew. (JBA-250) Kardhai Tree
Combretum albidum G. Don (JBA-282) Liana
Quisqualis indica L. (JBA-218) Climber
Terminalia alata Heyne ex Roth (JBA-80) Sajad Tree
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight and Arn. (JBA-158) Arjun Tree
Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. (JBA-191) Baheda Tree
Terminalia catappa L. (JBA-263) Kadavi badam Tree
Terminalia chebula Retz. (JBA-234) Harrah Tree
MYRTACEAE
Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels (JBA-219) Turah Tree
Eucalyptus umbellata Dum. (JBA-12) Lipta Tree
Psidium guajava L.(JBA-264) Amrud Tree
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (JBA-390) Jamun Tree
Syzygium heyneanum Wall. ex Wight and Arn. (JBA-236) Gol jamun Tree
LECYTHIDACEAE
Careya arborea Roxb. (JBA-108) Kumbhi Tree
LYTHRACEAE
Ammannia baccifera L. (JBA-94) Nay Herb
Lagerstroemia indica L. (JBA-283) Shrub
Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. (JBA-265) Lendia Tree
Lawsonia inermis L. (JBA-07) Mehandi Shrub
Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz (JBA-151) Dhwai Shrub
PUNICACEAE
Punica granatum L.(JBA-578) Anar Shrub
CARICACEAE
Carica papaya L.(JBA-237) Papaya Tree
ONAGRACEAE
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven (JBA-147) Jangali lavang Herb
PASSIFLORACEAE
Passiflora foetida L. (JBA-296) Kaurava pandawa Climber
CUCURBITACEAE
Citrullus colocyntis (Linn.) Schrad. (JBA-258) Tumadi Climber

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Table 1: Continued
Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt (JBA-74) Kundru Climber
Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl. and Willd.) Hook. f. (JBA-209) Jangali Marcho Climber
Cucumis callosus (Rottl.) Cogn. (JBA-272) jangali kakdi Climber
Cucumis sativus L. (JBA-241) Kheera Climber
Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lamk. (JBA-284) Kaddu Climber
Cucurbita moschata (Dutch. ex Lamk.) Dich. ex Poir. (JBA-266) Meetha kaddu Climber
Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) Jeffery (JBA-124) Shivlingi Climber
Lagenaria sinceraria (Molina) Standl. (JBA-192) Lauki Climber
Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. (JBA-295) Kali torai Climber
Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. Roem. (JBA-337) Torui Climber
Melothria maderaspatana (L.) Cogn. (JBA-246) Bilari Climber
Momordica charantia L. (JBA-399) Karela Climber
Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. (JBA-308) Kakkuda Climber
Trichosanthes bracteata (Lamk.) Voigt. (JBA-04) Indrayan Climber
Trichosanthes cucumerina L. (JBA-251) Chichinda Climber
Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. (JBA-339) Parwal Climber
CACTACEAE
Cereus peruvianus (L.) Mill. (JBA-462) Hadzhadi Shrub
Opuntia elatior Mill. (JBA-333) Nagphan Shrub
Opuntia vulgaris Mill. (JBA-403) Motali nagphan Shrub
AIZOACEAE
Trianthema triquetra Rottl. ex Willd. (JBA-461) Herb
MOLLUGINACEAE
Glinus lotoides L. (JBA-268) Herb
Mollugo cerviana (L.) Seringe (JBA-289) Herb
APIACEAE
Coriandrum sativum L. (JBA-287) Dhaniya Herb
Centella asiatica (L.) Urban (JBA-294) Mandukparni Herb
CORNACEAE
Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wang (JBA-270) Okali Tree
RUBIACEAE
Anthocephalus chinensis (Lamk.) A. Rich. ex Walp. Tree
Catunaregam nilotica (Stapf) Tirvengadum (JBA-460) Kalaphetra Shrub
Gardenia gummifera L. f. (JBA-190) Papada Shrub
Gardenia latifolia Ait. (JBA-123) Safed papada Shrub
Haldinia cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsd. (JBA-140) Haldu Tree
Hamelia patens Jacq. (JBA-725) Shrub
Ixora coccinea L. (JBA-437) Shrub
Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. (JBA-148) Kalam Tree
Morinda pubescens Sm. (JBA-117) Aaledi Tree
Morinda umbellata L. (JBA-459) Aal Shrub
Oldenlandia corymbosa L. (JBA-334) Khet papra Herb
Spermacoce hispida L. (JBA-458) Herb
ASTERACEAE
Acanthospermum hispidum DC. (JBA-483) Chota Gokhru Herb
Ageratum conyzoides L. (JBA-71) Kobhi Herb
Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. and sherff. (JBA-23) Chewada Herb
Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson (JBA-438) Herb
Blumea hieraciifolia (D. Don) DC. var. macrostachya (DC.) Hook. f. (JBA-351) Herb
Blumea lacera (Burm.) f. DC. (JBA-335) Herb
Blumea obliqua (L.) Druc (JBA-336) Herb
Calendula officinalis L. (JBA-439) Zergul Herb
Chrysanthemum indicum L. (JBA-488) Herb
Cyathocline purpurea (Ham. ex D. Don) O. Ktze (JBA-407) Herb
Dahlia pinnata Cav. (JBA-457) Herb
Echinops echinatus Roxb. (JBA-286) Oontakata Herb
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. (JBA-60) Ghamara Herb

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Table 1: Continued
Elephantopus scaber L. (JBA-256) Herb
Erigeron asteroides Roxb. (JBA-456) Herb
Glossocardia bosvallea (L.f.) DC. (JBA-487) Nakchikani Herb
Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers. (JBA-338) Herb
Helianthus annuus L. (JBA-440) Surajmukhi Herb
Lagascea mollis Cav. (JBA-89) Herb
Launaea acaulis (Roxb.) Babc. ex Ker. (JBA-427) Jangali gobi Herb
Parthenium hysterophorus L. (JBA-383) Gajarghas Herb
Pentanema cernua (Dalz.) Ling (JBA-400) Jangali surajmukhi Herb
Pentanema indica (L.) Ling (JBA-164) Surajmukhi Herb
Solidago canadensis L. (JBA-484) Herb
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill. (JBA-155) Herb
Sphaeranthus indicus L. (JBA-114) Gorakhmundi Herb
Spilanthes calva DC. (JBA-395) Akalkara Herb
Spilanthes ciliata H.B.K. (JBA-401) Charka Herb
Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. (JBA-363) Herb
Tagetes erecta L. (JBA-441) Genda Herb
Tagetes patula L. (JBA-442) Gendi Herb
Tridax procumbens L. (JBA-68) Dimajare Herb
Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. (JBA-174) Ghodajira Herb
Vernonia cinerea (Linn.) Less. (JBA-83) Sahdevi Herb
Vernonia elliptica DC. (JBA-364) Parda bel Climber
Wedelia urticaefolia DC. var. wightii DC. (JBA-454) Herb
Xanthium indicum Koen. (JBA-54) Bada Gokhru Herb
Zinnia elegans Jacq. (JBA-274) Zenia Herb
PLUMBAGINACEAE
Plumbago zeylanica L. (JBA-547) Chitrak Shrub
PRIMULACEAE
Anagalis arvensis L.(JBA-41) Herb
SAPOTACEAE
Madhuca longifolia (J. koenig) Macbr. var. latifolia (Roxb.) Chevalier (JBA-06) Mahua Tree
Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen (JBA-275) Chiku Tree
Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard (JBA-470) Khirni Tree
Mimusops elengi L. (JBA-112) Maulsri Tree
EBENACEAE
Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. (JBA-255) Tendu Tree
OLEACEAE
Jasminum auriculatum Vahl (JBA-288) Juhi Climber
Jasminum grandiflorum L. (JBA-724) Chameli Climber
Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton (JBA-32) Bela Shrub
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. (JBA-110) Harsingar Shrub
Schrebera swietenioides Roxb. (JBA-350) Mokha Tree
SALVADORACEAE
Salvadora persica L. (JBA-182) Pilu Shrub
APOCYNACEAE
Allamanda cathartica L. (JBA-518) Climber
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. (JBA-70) Saptaparni Tree
Carissa carandas L. (JBA-587) Karonda Shrub
Carissa opaca Stapf ex Haines (JBA-422) Karondi Shrub
Catharanthus pusillus (Murr.) G. Don (JBA-128) Jangali Baramasi Herb
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (JBA-493) Sada-bahar Herb
Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) Wallich ex G. Don (JBA-76) Kurchi Tree
Ichnocarpus frutescens (Linn.) R. Br. (JBA-300) Dheemarbel Climber
Nerium indicum Mill. (JBA-453) Kanher Shrub
Plumeria alba L. (JBA-205) Champa Shrub
Plumeria rubra L. (JBA-443) Champa Shrub
Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz (JBA-246) Sarpganda Shrub

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Table 1: Continued
Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R. Br. (JBA-81) Chandani Shrub
Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum. (JBA-193) Pili bitti Shrub
Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabberley (JBA-517) Kueda Tree
Wrightia tinctoria R. Br. (JBA-82) Kali dudhi Tree
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Calotropis gigantea (L.) R.Br. (JBA-159) Madar Shrub
Calotropis procera (Aiton) R. Br. (JBA-157) Aak Shrub
Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb. (JBA-17) Bosia kand Climber
Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. and Schult. (JBA-494) Dudhibel Shrub
Cryptostegia grandiflora R.Br. (JBA-452) Liana
Gymnema hirsutum Wight and Arnott (JBA-581) Meshringi Climber
Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. (JBA-143) Anantmul Climber
Holostemma ada-kodien Schult. (JBA-477) Chhirovel Climber
Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. (JBA-472) Sadowani Climber
Tylophora rotundifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Wight (JBA-600) Dambela Climber
Wattakaka volubulis (L. f.) Stapf (JBA-565) Dudhali Climber
LOGANIACEAE
Mitreola petiolata (J.F. Gmelin) Torr and A. Gray (JBA-689) Herb
Spigelia anthelmia L. (JBA-85) Gudari Herb
Strychnos nux-vomica L. (JBA-650) Kuchla Tree
BUDDLEJACEAE
Buddleja asiatica Lour. (JBA-444) Neemada Herb
GENTIANACEAE
Canscora decussata (Roxb.) Roem. and Schult Sankhphuli Herb
Centarium meyeri (Bunge) Druce (JBA-582) Herb
Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A. Raynal (JBA-307) Dedpaliya Herb
Exacum pedunculatum L. (JBA-651) Herb
MENYANTHACEAE
Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze (JBA-601) Herb
HYDROPHYLLACEAE
Hydrolea zeylanica (L.) Vahl (JBA-445) Herb
BORAGINACEAE
Cordia dichotoma G. Forster (JBA-311) Lasoda Tree
Ehretia laevis Roxb. (JBA-64) Datrangi Tree
Helitropium indicum L. (JBA-451) Hathisunda Herb
Trichodesma indicum (Linn.) R. Br. ex Lehm. (JBA-03) Ghamara Herb
Trichodesma stocksii Boiss. (JBA-652) Herb
CONVOLVULACEAE
Argyreia kleiniana (Roem. and Schult.) Raizada (JBA-649) Climber
Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer (JBA-688) Samander-ka-pat Liana
Convolvulus arvensis L. (JBA-516) Grachi Herb
Convolvulus prostratus Forssk (JBA-404) Shankhpushpi Herb
Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. (JBA-141) Shankhpushpi Herb
Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. (JBA-495) Herb
Ipomoea carnea Jacq. (JBA-34) Umarichata Shrub
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (JBA-583) Shakkar kandi Climber
Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet (JBA-602) Chatribel Climber
Ipomoea dichroa (Roem. and Schult.) Choisy (JBA-687) Herb
Ipomoea eriocarpa R.Br. (JBA-167) Herb
Ipomoea hederifolia L. (JBA-598) Climber
Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth (JBA-420) Mirchai Climber
Ipomoea pestigridis L. (JBA-496) Nasedi Climber
Ipomoea quamoclit L. (JBA-686) Kamlata Climber
Ipomoea sindica Stapf (JBA-653) Climber
Ipomoea turbidata Lag. (JBA-603) Climber
Jacquemontia paniculata (Burm. f.) Hall. f. (JBA-597) Climber
Merremia emarginata (Burm. f.) Hall. f. (JBA-590) Undir kani Herb

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Table 1: Continued
Merremia tridentata (L.) Hall. f. (JBA-648) Herb
Operculina turpenthum (L.) Manso (JBA-654) Climber
Rivea hypocrateriformis (Desr.) Choisy (JBA-604) Parh Climber
CUSCUTACEAE
Cuscuta campestris Yunck. (JBA-647) Amarbel Climber
Cuscuta chinensis Lam. (JBA-655) Amarbel Climber
Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. (JBA-21) Akasbel Climber
SOLANACEAE
Capsicum annuum L. (JBA-450) Mirch Herb
Cestrum nocturnum L. (JBA-38) Rat-ki-rani Shrub
Datura innoxia Mill. (JBA-446) Dhatura Shrub
Datura metel L. (JBA-515) Kala dhatura Shrub
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (JBA-449) Tamatar Herb
Nicandra physalodes (L.) Scop. (JBA-656) Herb
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. (JBA-685) Jangali tamakhu Herb
Petunia hybrida x Hort. ex Vilm. (JBA-605) Herb
Physalis minima L. (JBA-116) Poptiya Herb
Solanum melongena L. (JBA-646) Bhanta Herb
Solanum nigrum L. (JBA-160) Makoi Herb
Solanum tuberosum L. (JBA-596) Aalu Herb
Solanum virginianum L. (JBA-436) Kateri Herb
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (JBA-86) Asgandh Shrub
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Bacopa hamiltoniana (Benth.) Wettst. (JBA-584) Bam Herb
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. (JBA-465) Brahmi Herb
Lindenbergia indica (L.) Vatke (JBA-645) Herb
Lindernia ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell (JBA-684) Herb
Lindernia crustacea (L.) F.v. Muell. (JBA-657) Herb
Linernia antipoda (L.) Alston (JBA-605) Herb
Russelia equisetiformis Schlechtend. and Cham. (JBA-644) Shrub
Striga angustifolia (D. Don) Saldanha (JBA-595) Herb
Torenia indica Saldanha (JBA-585) Herb
Veronica anagalis-aquatica L. (JBA-683) Herb
BIGNONIACEAE
Dolichandrone falcata (Wallich ex DC.) Seem. (JBA-447) Tree
Jacarandra mimosaefolia D. Don (JBA-606) Niligulmohar Tree
Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. (JBA-643) Jharphanus Tree
Millingtonia hortensis L. f. (JBA-658) Aakash neem Tree
Oroxylum indicum (L.) Venten. (JBA-302) Sonpata Tree
Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawl.) Miers (JBA-682) Liana
Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth (JBA-448) Sonpati Shrub
Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem. (JBA-586) Ragtroida Tree
PEDALIACEAE
Sesamum indicum L. (JBA-594) Til Herb
MARTYNIACEAE
Martynia annua L. (JBA-77) Bicchu Herb
ACANTHACEAE
Adhatoda zeylanica Medik. (JBA-642) Adulsa Shrub
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wallich ex Nees. (JBA-47) Bhuin neem Herb
Barleria cristata L. (JBA-681) Tandralu Shrub
Barleria prionitis L. (JBA-208) Piyabans Shrub
Blepharis asperrima Nees (JBA-659) Herb
Blepharis repens (Vahl) Roth (JBA-593) Herb
Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees (JBA-607) Priya darsa Herb
Dipterocanthus patulus (Jacq.) Nees (JBA-640) Herb
Elytraria acaulis (L. f.) Lindau (JBA-592) Herb
Eranthemum roseum (Vahl) R. Br. (JBA-170) Herb

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Table 1: Continued
Haplanthodes tentaculatus (Nees) Majumdar (JBA-18) Katsula Herb
Hemigraphis latebrosa (Heyne ex Roth) Nees (JBA-661) Bhangara Herb
Hygrophila auriculata (Schumach.) Heine (JBA-313) Talmakhana Herb
Indoneesiella echioides (L.) Sreemadh. (JBA-680) Herb
Justicia diffusa Willd. (JBA-145) Makandar Herb
Justicia procumbens L. (JBA-371) Herb
Justicia simplex D. Don Thunb (JBA-608) Bansa Herb
Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng. (JBVA-639) Chhota aandhi Herb
Neuracanthus sphaerostachys (Nees) Dalz. (JBA-620) Herb
Peristrophe paniculata (Forssk.) Brummitt (JBA-25) Atrilal Herb
Ruellia tuberosa L. (JBA-638) Herb
Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees (JBA-56) Herb
Rungia repens (L.) Nees (JBA-662) Kharmor Herb
VERBENACEAE
Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. (JBA-679) Vilayati mehndi Shrub
Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm. f.) Kuntze (JBA-24) Shrub
Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon (JBA-188) Bharangi Shrub
Clerodendrum splendens G. Don ex James (JBA-720) Climber
Duranta repens L. (JBA-609) Shrub
Gmelina arborea Roxb. (JBA-102) Siwan Tree
Gmelina philippensis Cham. (JBA-619) Tree
Lantana camara L. var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke (JBA-105) Zai Shrub
Lantana indica Roxb. (JBA-663) Raimuniya Shrub
Phyla nodiflora (L.) E. (JBA-678) Herb
Tectona grandis L. f. (JBA-109) Sagda Tree
Verbena bipinnatifida Schauer (JBA-664) Herb
Vitex leucoxylon L. f. (JBA-721) Safed nirgundi Shrub
Vitex negundo L. (JBA-421) Nirgundi Shrub
Vitex trifolia L. (JBA-637) Shrub
LAMIACEAE
Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze. (JBA-618) Karahi Herb
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. (JBA-104) Vilayati tulsi Herb
Lavandula bipinnata (Roth) Kuntze (JBA-665) Herb
Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br. (JBA-677) Gathora Herb
Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link (JBA-106) Bhodaki Herb
Leucas cephalotes (Koeing ex Roth) Spreng. (JBA-203) Dhurpi sag Herb
Ocimum basilicum L. (JBA-165) Jangali Tulsi Herb
Ocimum canum Sims (JBA-173) Ban tulsa Herb
Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (JBA-149) Tulsi Herb
Salvia aegyptiaca L. (JBA-617) Herb
NYCTAGINACEAE
Bougainvillea glabra Choisy (JBA-623) Boganbel Liana
Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. (JBA-636) Boganbel Liana
Boerhavia diffusa L. (JBA-40) Punarnava Herb
Mirabilis jalapa L. (JBA-59) Gulbas Herb
AMARANTHACEAE
Achyranthes aspera Linn. (JBA-43) Apamarg Herb
Achyranthes aspera var. porphyristachya (Wallich ex Moq.) Hook. f. (JBA-676) Chirchita Herb
Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult. (JBA-305) Gorakhganja Herb
Aerva sanguinolenta (L.) Blume. (JBA-624) Herb
Alternathera pungens Kunth (JBA-635) Gurrosag Herb
Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC. (JBA-42) Gurroo Herb
Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell. (JBA-310) Jangali chaulai Herb
Amaranthus spinosus L. (JBA-319) Kantachaulai Herb
Amaranthus viridis L. (JBA-315) Chaulai Herb
Celosia argentea L. (JBA-207) Jangalimurga Herb
Digera muricata (L.) Mart. (JBA-14) Lesua Herb

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Table 1: Continued
Gomphrena celosioides Mart. (JBA-634) Herb
Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. (JBA-87) Kala liptiya Herb
CHENOPODIACEAE
Chenopodium album L. (JBA-340) Bathua Herb
Chenopodium murale L. (JBA-388) Bathua Herb
BASELLACEAE
Basella alba L. (JBA-625) Poibhaji Climber
POLYGONACEAE
Antigonon leptopus Hook. and Arnott (JBA-610) Climber
Polygonum glabrum Willd. (JBA-163) Nandi bhaji Herb
Rumex dentatus L. subsp. Klotzschianus (Meisn.) Rchb. f.(JBA-616) Amabavah Herb
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
Aristolochia indica L. (JBA-626) Isharmul Climber
PIPERACEAE
Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth (JBA-633) Herb
LAURACEAE
Cassytha filiformis L. (JBA-675) Amarbel Climber
LORANTHACEAE
Dendrophthoe falcta (L. f.) Etting. (JBA-666) Banda Parasite
Loranthus philippensis Cham. and Schlechtend. (JBA-611) Parasite
Viscum articulatum Burm. f. (JBA-674) Madang Parasite
SANTALACEAE
Santalum album L. (JBA-154) Chandan Tree
EUPHORBIACEAE
Acalypha ciliata Forssk. (JBA-615) Herb
Acalypha indica L. (JBA-01) Kuppi Herb
Acalypha wilkesiana Muell. Arg. (JBA-621) Shrub
Bridelia retusa (L.) spreng. (JBA-93) Agon Tree
Codiaenum variegatum (L.) Blume (JBA-667) Shrub
Croton bonpalndianus Baill. (JBA-632) Herb
Drypetes roxburghii (Wallich) Hurusawa (JBA-614) Kanghi Tree
Euphorbia coccinia Roth (JBA-673) Herb
Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. (JBA-668) Chagalputputi Herb
Euphorbia fusiformis Buch.-Ham. (JBA-613) Kharkhundiya Herb
Euphorbia heterophylla L. (JBA-622) Dudhi Herb
Euphorbia heyneana Spreng (JBA-672) Choti Dudhaly Herb
Euphorbia hirta L. (JBA-90) Kali dudhi Herb
Euphorbia milli Desmoul. (JBA-669) Dudhi Herb
Euphorbia nerifolia L. (JBA-136) Thuvar Shrub
Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham. (JBA-671) Hathalothuvar Shrub
Euphorbia thymifolia L. (JBA-612) Dudhalo Herb
Euphorbia tirucalli L. (JBA-627) Thor Shrub
Jatropha curcas L. (JBA-33) Ratanjyot Shrub
Jatropha gossypifolia L. (JBA-52) Lal ratanjot Shrub
Jatropha integerrima Jacq. (JBA-631) Shrub
Jatropha nana Dalz. (JBA-670) Ratan Shrub
Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. (JBA-630) Shrub
Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. and Thonn. (JBA-356) Bhuin Aanwala Herb
Phyllanthus emblica L. (JBA-29) Amla Tree
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. (JBA-97) Kanocha Herb
Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. (JBA-628) Shrub
Phyllanthus virgatus G. Forster (JBA-497) Herb
Ricinus communis L. (JBA-57) Arandi Tree
Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.) Muell. Arg. (JBA-514) Hartho Shrub
Synadenium grantii Hook. f. (JBA-506) Shrub
URTICACEAE
Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew. (JBA-506) Lal bichua Herb

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Table 1: Continued
ULMACEAE
Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. (JBA-09) Ovala Tree
Trema orientalis (L.) Blume (JBA-498) Dandanni Shrub
MORACEAE
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (JBA-84) Kathal Tree
Ficus benghalensis L.(JBA-65) Bargad Tree
Ficus benjamina L. var. nuda (Miq.) Barrett (JBA-505) Liana
Ficus hispida L. f. (JBA-513) Bhuin gular Tree
Ficus palmata Forsk. (JBA-507) Khemri Tree
Ficus racemosa L. (JBA-19) Umari Tree
Ficus religiosa L. (JBA-36) Peepal Tree
Ficus virens Dryander (JBA-51) Pakar Tree
CASURINACEAE
Casurina equisetifolia L. (JBA-508) Shrub
MONOCOTYLEDON
HYDROCHARITACEAE
Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle (JBA-512) Herb
ORCHIDACEAE
Eulophia herbacea Lindl. (JBA-178) Herb
Habenaria commelinifolia (Roxb.) Wallich ex Lindl.
(JBA-504) Herb
Habenaria digitata Lindl. (JBA-509) Herb
Habenaria frucifera Lindl. (JBA-511) Herb
Habenaria longicorniculata Graham (JBA-499) Herb
Habenaria marginata Colebr. (JBA-503) Vanpyaz Herb
Malaxis acuminata D. Don (JBA-500) Herb
Nervilia aragoana Gaud. (JBA-200) Dudh goliya Herb
Peristylus goodyeroides (D. Don) Lindl. (JBA-502) Herb
Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex G. Don (JBA-550) Banda Herb
ZINGIBERACEAE
Curcuma amada Roxb. (JBA-501) Ambahaldi Herb
Curcuma longa L. (JBA-510) Haldi Herb
Curcuma pseudomontana J. Graham (JBA-405) Jangali Haldi Herb
Zingiber officinale Roscoe (JBA-569) Adrak Herb
COSTACEAE
Costus speciosus (J. Koeing) Sm. (JBA-189) Jangali Aadu Herb
MUSACEAE
Ensete superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman (JBA-220) Choti Keli Herb
Musa paradisiaca L. (JBA-233) Kela Herb
Musa rosacea Jacq. (JBA-254) Jangali kela Herb
CANNACEAE
Canna flaccida Salisb. (JBA-226) Keli Herb
Canna indica L. (JBA-221) Lal keli Herb
AMARYLLIDACEAE
Crinum asiaticum L. (JBA-227) Kanwal Herb
Zephyranthes flava G. Nicols. (JBA-232) Herb
AGAVACEAE
Agave americana L. (JBA-222) Hathichikar Herb
Agave angustifolia Haw. (JBA-231) Guial Herb
Agave cantula Roxb.(JBA-228) Choti guial Herb
Cordyline terminalis Kunth. (JBA-230) Tree
Dracaena elliptica Thunb. (JBA-229) Shrub
Polyanthes tuberosa L.(JBA-726) Gandha Herb
Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druc(JBA-224) Herb
HYPOXIDACEAE
Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. (JBA-133) Kali-musali Herb
Hypoxis aurea Lour. (JBA-225) Bhuin khajur Herb

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Table 1: Continued
DIOSCOREACEAE
Dioscorea bulbifera L. (JBA-239) Kanda Climber
Dioscorea hispida Dennst. (JBA-357) Baichandi Climber
Dioscorea oppositifolia L.(JBA-101) Bada Kanda Climber
Dioscorea pentaphylla L. (JBA-393) Dukkar kanda Climber
LILIACEAE
Allium cepa L. (JBA-556) Piyaz Herb
Allium sativum L. (JBA-223) Lahsun Herb
Aloe vera (Linn.) Burm. f. (JBA-98) Gwarpatha Herb
Asparagus racemosus Willd. (JBA-391) Sesliya Ghas Climber
Chlorophytm tuberosum (Roxb.) Baker (JBA-524) Safedmusli Herb
Chlorophytum borivilianum Santapau and Fernandis (JBA-99) Dhawali musli Herb
Gloriosa superba L. (JBA-176) Ranchenadi Climber
Iphigenia indica (L.) A. Gray (JBA-214) Jangali lahan Herb
Urginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth (JBA-196) Jangali pyaz Herb
PONTEDERIACEAE
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (JBA-538) Jalkumbhi Herb
COMMELINACEAE
Commelina benghalensis L. (JBA-410) Kenna Herb
Commelina erecta L. (JBA-49) Kenna Herb
Cyanotis arcotensis Rolla Rao (JBA-122) Herb
Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan (JBA-530) Herb
Rhoeo spathacea (Sw.) W.T. Stearn (JBA-537) Herb
ARECACEAE
Borassus flabellifer L. (JBA-555) Tad Tree
Cocos nucifera L. (JBA-525) Nariyal Tree
Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. (JBA-111) Shindi Tree
Roystonea regia (Humb., Bonpl. and Kunth) O.F. Cook (JBA-536) Bilayati tad Tree
PANDANACEAE
Pandanus odoratissimus L. f. (JBA-529) Shrub
TYPHACEAE
Typha angustifolia L.(JBA-115) Ghav bajara Herb
ARACEAE
Amorphophallus paeoniifoilus (Dennst.) Nicolson (JBA-131) Suran Kand Herb
Amorphophallus sylvaticus (Roxb). Kunth (JBA-535) Jangali Suran Herb
Arisaema tortuosum (Wallich) Schott (JBA-418) Jangali Tad Herb
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott (JBA-389) Arvi Herb
Remusatia vivipara (Roxb.) Schott (JBA-531) Herb
Sauromatum venosum (Aiton) Schott (JBA-249) Pebada Herb
Theriophonum minutum (Willd.) Baill. (JBA-526) Herb
Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott (JBA-534) Herb
ERIOCAULACEAE
Eriocaulon quinquqngulare L. (JBA-527) Herb
CYPERACEAE
Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke (JBA-533) Herb
Carex cruciata Wahlenb. (JBA-528) Herb
Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk. (JBA-532) Herb
Cyperus cephalotes Vahl (JBA-386) Herb
Cyperus cuspidatus Kunth (JBA-382) Herb
Cyperus flavidus Retz. (JBA-92) Herb
Cyperus platystylis R. Br. (JBA-365) Herb
Cyperus rotundus L. (JBA-279) Nagarmotha Herb
Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl (JBA-372) Herb
Fimbristylis squarrosa Vahl (JBA-381) Herb
Lipocarpha chinensis (Osbeck) Kern (JBA-373) Herb
Rhynchospora rubra (Lour.) Makino (JBA-366) Herb
Scirpus articulatus L. (JBA-371) Herb

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Table 1: Continued
POACEAE
Allopteropsis cimicina (L.) Stapf (JBA-380) Herb
Apluda mutica L. (JBA-238) Herb
Aristida funiculata Trin. and Rupr. (JBA-367) Herb
Arundinella ciliata (Roxb.) Nees ex Miq. (JBA-374) Herb
Avena sativa L. (JBA-379) Oat Herb
Bambusa arundinaceae (Retz.) Willd. (JBA-172) Vahan Tree
Bothriochloa glabra (Roxb.) A. Camus (JBA-368) Herb
Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm.) Griseb. (JBA-375) Herb
Cenchrus ciliaris L. (JBA-62) Herb
Chloris barbata Sw. (JBA-378) Herb
Chloris virgata Sw. (JBA-370) Herb
Chrysopogon fulvus (Spreng) Chiov. (JBA-376) Herb
Coix lacryma-jobi L. (JBA-369) Mani Herb
Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. ( JBA-377) Nibu ghas Herb
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (JBA-75) Dub Herb
Dactyloctenium aristatum Link (JBA-392) Herb
Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees (JBA-408) Bans Tree
Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf (JBA-347) Dabha Herb
Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf (JBA-316) Herb
Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Keeler (JBA-349) Herb
Eichinochloa crusgalli (L.) P. Beauv. (JBA-267) Herb
Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. (JBA-318) Mandua Herb
Eragrostiella brachyphylla (Stapf.) Bor (JBA-348) Herb
Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. (JBA-317) Herb
Eragrostis ciliata (Roxb.) Nees (JBA-660) Herb
Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. and Schult. (JBA-485) Herb
Eulalia trispicata (Schult.) Henr. (JBA-562) Herb
Hemathria compressa (L. f.) R. Br. (JBA-641) Herb
Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. and Schult. (JBA-121) Sukala ghas Herb
Hordeum vulgare L. (JBA-563) Jau Herb
Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. var. major (Nees) Hubb. ex Hubb. and Vaughan (JBA-394) Herb
Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr. (JBA-629) Herb
Iseilema laxum Hack. in A. DC. (JBA-561) Herb
Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nee (JBA-486) Herb
Melanocenchris jacuemontii Jaub. and Spach (JBA-690) Herb
Ophiuros exaltatus (L.) Kuntze (JBA-699) Herb
Oplismensus burmannii (Retz.) P. Beauv. (JBA-691) Herb
Oryza sativa L. (JBA-698) Chawal Herb
Panicum notatum Retz. (JBA-692) Herb
Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. and Schult. (JBA-697) Herb
Paspalidium punctatum (Burm. f.) A. Camus (JBA-30) Torki Herb
Paspalum plicatulum Michx. (JBA-695) Herb
Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin. (JBA-693) Herb
Perotis indica (L.) Kuntze (JBA-696) Herb
Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud. (JBA-202) Herb
Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. (JBA-732) Herb
Rottboelia exaltata L. f. (JBA-700) Herb
Saccharum officinarum L.(JBA-705) Ganna Shrub
Saccharum spontaneum L. (JBA-78) Kans Herb
Sacciolepsis interrupta (Willd.) Stapf (JBA-701) Herb
Schizostachyum pergracile (Munro) R. Majumdar (JBA-704) Herb

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Table 1: Continued
Sehima nervosum (Rottl.) Stapf (JBA-702) Herb
Sehima sulcatum (Hack.) A. Campus (JBA-161) Herb
Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. (JBA-703) Herb
Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. and Schult. (JBA-79) Herb
Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. (JBA-88) Liptiya Herb
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (JBA-710) Herb
Sorghum miliaceum (Roxb.) Snowden (JBA-707) Herb
Sporobolus diander (Retz.) P. Beauv. (JBA-709) Herb
Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. (JBA-706) Herb
Tetrapogon tenellus (Roxb) Chiov. (JBA-708) Herb
Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze (JBA-541) Herb
Themeda triandra Forssk. (JBA-711) Herb
Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Kuntze (JBA-715) Herb
Tragus roxburghii Panigrahi (JBA-713) Herb
Tripogon jacqemontii Stapf (JBA-712) Herb
Triticum aestivum L.(JBA-714) Gehu Herb
Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv. (JBA-716) Herb
Vetiveria lawsonii (Hook. f.) Blatt. and McCann (JBA-718) Herb
Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash (JBA-153) Khas Herb
Zea mays L. (JBA-717) Makki Herb

Table: 2 Ratio among various groups / taxa

Group/ Taxa Ratio
Monocot to Dicot Families 1: 4.8
Genera 1: 3.6
Species 1: 3.6
Families to Genera Dicot 1: 3.8
Monocot 1: 5.0
Total 1: 4.0
Genera to Species Dicot 1: 1.5
Monocot 1: 1.4
Total 1: 1.4

Fig. 7: Comparative status of species in India, Madhya Pradesh and Jhabua district.

Fig. 8: Ten Dominant families of Jhabua district

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Fig. 9: Distribution of species under families

Fig. 10: Ten Dominant genera of Jhabua district

During study it was observed that a good number of Another important strategy which can protect the
species are facing threat due to several manmade and forest could be by rehabilitation of the biodiversity of the
natural factors. area. The species on which the tribals are mostly
dependent such as, wild edible and timber trees, firewood
CONCLUSIONS species etc. should be planted in large scale or cultivated.
It would rejuvenate the eco-system with maximum
Biodiversity of any region plays an important role in indigenous floral and faunal elements. It will also bring
establishing social, cultural and economic environment of together several associated and supporting species and
its inhabitants. Most of the customs, rituals, festivals and thus automatically sustain the traditional lifestyle of the
other activities of any place community revolve around its tribals.
biodiversity. Phytodiversity of Jhabua district comprises Several myths and traditions concerned with forests
a large number of plant species, which have got a wide are an integrated part of tribal’s life and by way of faith
relationship with tribes and other local people. The study and beliefs the forests are preserved by them. Tribals are
on floristic diversity of Jhabua district provides the totally unaware about scientific and modern methods but
complete status of species diversity of angiosperms of the by following such tradition the conservation
area, which is not known yet and thus fulfils the point automatically takes place. Therefore, the message of
(Clause 36) given in chapter IX of the Biological Diversity conservation is more meaningful to them through myth,
Bill 2000 as well as Article 7 of Convention on Biological faith and traditions rather through scientific approach.
Diversity (CBD). Floristic diversity of the study area directly helps the
Tribals of this region are also expert in making management to protect and conserve the biological
baskets, mats, ropes, cordages and several other diversity of the sanctuary. The floristic composition has
household commodities from plant parts. This knowledge more impact on the distribution of wildlife of the forest
could be utilized in an organized way and kinds of cottage localities. Floristic studies of different geographical
industries can be established in tribal areas [34]. regions are necessary for proper documentation,

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conservation plans and sustainable utilization of the plant 9. Anonymous, 1994. Conservation of Biological
resources. The present study provides baseline data on Diversity in India: An Approach. Ministry of
floral diversity of Jhabua district. The degradation of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India, New Delhi.
habitat due to several natural or biotic stresses creates 10. Anonymous, 2000. Report on the Task Force on
favourable grounds to some obnoxious invading species conservation and sustainable use of Medicinal
and limitation to primitive or original ones. In order to Plants. Planning Commission, Govt. of India,
sustain biodiversity and also to improve soil fertility, there New Delhi.
is an urgent need to promote plantation of locally common 11. Gadgil, M., U. Ghate and P. Pramod, 1996.
tree in the degraded forest lands. Biodiversity Resource Material, Indian Institute of
Science. Bangalore, pp: 218-417.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 12. Jain, S.K., 1983. Flora and vegetation of India-An
outline. Botanical Survey of India. Publication and
The authors are thankful to Director, CSIR-National Information Directorate, New Delhi.
Botanical Research Institute Lucknow, for encouragement 13. Samvastar, S., 1996. The Flora of Western Tribal
and providing facilities to carry out the work. Thanks are (M.P.). Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur.
also due to Divisional Forest Officer, Jhabua (M.P.) for 14. Kadel, C., 2006. Ethnobotanical Studies on Tribal
extending facilities during the field work. The cooperation Communities of Jhabua district (M.P.). Ph.D. Thesis,
of tribal’s of Jhabua district is deeply acknowledged for Jiwaji University, Gwalior.
this work. 15. Kadel, C. and A.K. Jain, 2006. Plants used in
ethno-veterinary practices in Jhabua district, Madhya
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