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    AC Dogma Central

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    sdsomosa
    The document discusses the central dogma of molecular biology which describes how genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein. It explains the processes of transcription, where DNA is copied into RNA, and translation, where the RNA is used to build a protein according to the genetic code.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    AC Dogma Central

    Uploaded by

    sdsomosa
    9 views3 pages
    The document discusses the central dogma of molecular biology which describes how genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein. It explains the processes of transcription, where DNA is copied into RNA, and translation, where the RNA is used to build a protein according to the genetic code.

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    The document discusses the central dogma of molecular biology which describes how genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein. It explains the processes of transcription, where DNA is copied into RNA, and translation, where the RNA is used to build a protein according to the genetic code.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    9 views3 pages

    AC Dogma Central

    Uploaded by

    sdsomosa
    The document discusses the central dogma of molecular biology which describes how genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein. It explains the processes of transcription, where DNA is copied into RNA, and translation, where the RNA is used to build a protein according to the genetic code.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Central Dogma of molecular biology

    In molecular biology, central dogma illustrates the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA
    to protein. It is defined as a process in which the information in DNA is converted into a
    functional product.
    It is suggested that the information present in a DNA is essential to make up all proteins
    and RNA acts as a messenger that carries information through the ribosomes.

    Central Dogma Definition


    “Central dogma is the process in which the genetic information flows from DNA to RNA,
    to make a functional product protein. “

    Transcription
    The enzyme RNA Polymerase transfers information from one strand of DNA to another strand
    of RNA during transcription. Three parts of the DNA strand are involved in this process: the
    promoter, the structural gene, and the terminator.

    DNA strands that synthesize RNA are called template strands, and DNA strands that Code for
    RNA are called coding strands. RNA polymerases that are DNA-dependent bind to the promoter
    and catalyze the 3' to 5' directions of polymerization.
    The newly synthesized RNA strand is released from the terminator sequence as it approaches
    the terminator. RNA strands released after transcription undergo further modifications post-
    transcriptionally

    Translation.

    Proteins are encoded by RNA by a process called translation. Translation involves energy and
    is an active process. The energy comes from the charged tRNA Molecules.

    The translation process is initiated by ribosomes. The mRNA enters the smaller subunit and is
    then held by the tRNA Molecules present in the larger subunit that are complementary to the
    codon. In this way, two codons are held together by two tRNA Molecules placed close together
    and a peptide bond is formed between them. This process results in long polypeptide chains of
    amino acids.
    the nucleotides of the mRNA are read in triplets (groups of three) called codons. There
    are 61 codons that specify amino acids. One codon is a "start" codon that indicates where to
    start translation.
    Codons

    Cells decode mRNAs by reading their nucleotides in groups of three, called codons. Here are
    some features of codons:

     Most codons specify an amino acid


     Three "stop" codons mark the end of a protein
     One "start" codon, AUG, marks the beginning of a protein and also encodes the amino
    acid methionine

    Codons in an mRNA are read during translation, beginning with a start codon and continuing
    until a stop codon is reached. mRNA codons are read from 5' to 3' , and they specify the order
    of amino acids in a protein from N-terminus (methionine) to C-terminus
    The genetic code table

    The full set of relationships between codons and amino acids (or stop signals) is called
    the genetic code. The genetic code is often summarized in a table.

    Notice that many amino acids are represented in the table by more than one codon. For
    instance, there are six different ways to "write" leucine in the language of mRNA

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