Biology grade 9 third term revision sheet

Questions
Q1.

The world supply of wild fish is decreasing.

Fish farming provides an alternative method of supplying fish.

(a) The graph shows the change in total supply of fish and the supply of wild fish between 1950 and
2017.
The graph also shows the predicted total supply of fish and supply of wild fish from 2017 to 2050.

(i) The total supply of fish is the sum of the supply of wild fish and the supply of farmed fish.
Describe the change in the supply of wild fish and the supply of farmed fish between 1950 and 2017.
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(ii) Calculate the predicted rate of increase in the total supply of fish in tonnes per year between 2017
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 and 2050.
Give your answer in tonnes per year.
Show your working.
(2)

rate of increase = ........................................................... tonnes per year

(b) To increase production, fish farmers maintain water quality and food quality on a fish farm.
Explain three other ways that farmers could increase production on a fish farm.
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(Total for question = 10 marks)

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Q2.

The diagram shows a salmon fish farm in the sea.

(a) Suggest three ways in which the net protects the salmon.
(3)
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(b) Waste food and faeces can collect in the mud beneath the fish farm.
Suggest how this could affect the growth of the salmon.
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(c) Suggest what should be done with the dead salmon with fungus growing on it.
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(d) Give the example of biological control shown in the diagram of the fish farm.
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(Total for question = 9 marks)

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Q3.

Untreated sewage entering a river affects the numbers of organisms living in the river.

The graph shows the changes in the numbers of fish, algae and bacteria in a river before the sewage
outlet and after the sewage outlet.

Algae are protoctists that can carry out photosynthesis.

Explain the changes in the numbers of fish and algae from the point at which sewage enters the river.
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(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q4.

Some rice farmers use ducks as a method of biological control.

The photograph shows ducks swimming in a rice paddy field.

The ducks help rice plants to grow because they eat insects and weeds in the paddy fields.

(a) (i) Suggest how the ducks eating insects helps rice plants to grow.
(1)
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 (ii) Explain how the ducks eating weeds helps rice plants to grow.
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(b) Explain why faeces from the ducks helps rice plants to grow.
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(c) The ducks stir up the soil in the rice paddy field with their feet, which increases the oxygen content of
the soil.
Suggest how increasing the oxygen content of the soil helps rice plants to grow.
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(d) Using ducks as a method of biological control allows the farmer to grow rice without using herbicide or
pesticide.
(i) Suggest what is meant by the term herbicide.
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(ii) Give three advantages of using biological control rather than using pesticide.
(3)
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(Total for question = 11 marks)

Q5.

Fish farms provide food for many people.

(a) State one way in which intraspecific predation can be reduced on fish farms.
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(b) Antibiotics are used on fish farms.

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using antibiotics on fish farms.
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(c) Fish produce faeces that can build up in the water. This may affect the fish growth.
Design an investigation to find out the effect of fish faeces on fish growth.
Your answer should include experimental details and be written in full sentences.
(6)
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(Total for question = 10 marks)

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Q6.

Global warming may affect the number of insect pests by increasing their ability to
produce offspring. An experiment was carried out to find out the effect of different
air temperatures on the ability of insects to produce offspring.

Five tubes were set up at an air temperature of 16 °C. Each tube contained a male
and a female insect and some food. This procedure was repeated at air temperatures
of 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C and 45 °C.

The insects were allowed to mate and the number of offspring they produced after
two weeks was counted.

The table shows the results.

(a) Identify the anomalous result in the table and suggest a reason for the anomaly.
(2)
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(b) The diagram shows the insect offspring collected from one of the tubes in the experiment.

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 (i) Use the key to count the number of male and female offspring in this tube.
(1)
number of males .......................................................
number of females .......................................................

(ii) Which tube did these insect offspring come from?

(1)
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(c) Explain why the results in the table are reliable.

(2)
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(d) Describe the results in the table and write a conclusion for this experiment.
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(Total for question = 9 marks)

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Q7.

A student investigates the effect of pesticide on the number of insects living in soil.

The student collects 5 cm3 soil samples from a wheat field where pesticide is not used.

She also collects 5 cm3 soil samples from a wheat field where pesticide is used.

The table shows the student's results.

(a) Calculate the percentage change in the number of insects when pesticide is used.
Show your working.
(2)

percentage change = ...........................................................

(b) Name the dependent variable in the student's investigation.

(1)
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(c) Describe a method the student could use to obtain a valid comparison of the number of insects in
each wheat field.
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(d) Some farmers use selective breeding to increase the grain size of their wheat.
Explain how the process of selective breeding can be used to increase grain size.
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(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q8.

A student investigates the effect of deforestation on the number of insects living in the soil.

She uses a quadrat to sample the soil from two areas in an oak forest.

One area has trees growing.

The other area has been deforested.

She compares the number of insects in each area.

The table shows her results.

(a) Name the independent variable in this investigation.

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(b) Suggest an explanation for these results.

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(c) The student's results are valid and reliable.

Suggest how the student made sure that her results were valid and reliable.
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(d) The student claims her results show that deforestation should be prevented.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of deforestation?
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(Total for question = 12 marks)

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Q9.

A student used this apparatus to find out if nitrate ions helped plants to grow.

A young plant was grown in a solution that contained all the ions needed for growth.
A different young plant was grown in a solution that also contained all the ions
needed for growth except nitrate.

(a) (i) Suggest why the solutions have air bubbled into them.
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(ii) Suggest why the apparatus was covered in black paper.

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(b) The diagram shows the young plants after 55 days of growth.

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 (i) Measure the length of the plants in mm and write your answers below.
(2)
plant grown in the solution containing all the ions ........................................................................... mm
plant grown in the solution without nitrate ions ..................................................................................
mm

(ii) Suggest how the student could make the results of the investigation more
reliable.
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(iii) Suggest two factors, not seen in the diagram, that the student should keep
the same for both plants while they are growing.
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(c) Explain the consequences of fertiliser containing nitrates polluting a river.

(6)
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(Total for question = 15 marks)

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Q10.

The passage describes water pollution caused by untreated human sewage and by fertiliser.
Complete the passage by writing a suitable word or words in each of the spaces.
(7)
If sewage gets into fresh water it will increase the number of pathogenic

............................................................................ in the water. The sewage contains waste

organic material in the form of ............................................................................

from humans. Microorganisms break down this material using a process called aerobic

............................................................................ . This process reduces the level of

............................................................................ in the water making it less likely for

larger organisms to survive. Fertilisers can get into water by a process called

............................................................................ . The minerals present in the fertiliser

such as ............................................................................ cause the rapid growth of

............................................................................ in the water.

(Total for question = 7 marks)

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Q11.

A student found the following instructions for making yoghurt on the internet.

• put milk in a saucepan and heat the milk to 80 °C

• pour the hot milk into a bowl and leave to cool to 46 °C
• add the organisms needed to change the milk into yoghurt
• pour the yoghurt into glass jars and put them into a warm place for 8 hours
• pour the yoghurt into a sterile, airtight container and put it in the fridge

(a) Name an organism added to change the milk into yoghurt.

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(b) Explain why the milk is heated to 80 °C.

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(c) Explain why the milk must be cooled to 46 °C.

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(d) Explain why the yoghurt is kept in a warm place for 8 hours.
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(e) Changes take place to the pH of the yoghurt when it is kept warm for 8 hours.

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Describe and explain how the change in pH helps to preserve the yoghurt.
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(Total for question = 10 marks)

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Q12.

A student wants to make yoghurt. The diagram shows what she did.

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(a) Which two stages help to improve the production of yoghurt by killing bacteria that compete with
Lactobacillus?
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(b) Explain why the milk needed to be cooled to 45 °C in stage 3.

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(c) Explain what could happen to the production of yoghurt if the jars used in stage 5 had not been
sterilised in stage 2.
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(d) Explain what would happen to the production of yoghurt if the water cooled below 35 °C in stage 6.
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(e) The student added fruit to her yoghurt to improve the taste.
Suggest how adding fruit to yoghurt also helps to maintain healthy skin.
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(Total for question = 9 marks)

Q13.

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Yeast is an organism used in the production of beer.

The diagram shows a yeast cell.

(a) (i) Give the letter of the part made of chitin.

(1)
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(ii) Give the letter of the part that contains glycogen.
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(b) Yeast releases carbon dioxide when beer is made.

A student uses this apparatus to measure the rate of carbon dioxide production by yeast.

(i) The solution contains yeast cells.

Name two substances in the solution.
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(ii) Every three minutes, the student records the position of the drop of ink using the scale.
The table shows the student's results.

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 Calculate the difference between the rate of carbon dioxide production in the first three minutes and
the rate in the final three minutes.
Show your working.
(2)

difference in rate = ........................................................... mm per minute

(c) The student then investigates the effect of temperature on the rate of carbon dioxide production by
yeast.
He measures the volume of carbon dioxide produced rather than the distance moved by the drop of
ink.
The graph shows his results.

(i) Give the optimum temperature for the production of carbon dioxide.
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(ii) Explain why the rate of carbon dioxide production is slow at low temperatures.
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(iii) Suggest how the student could modify the apparatus to vary the temperature.
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(Total for question = 11 marks)

Mark Scheme
Q1.

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