Branches of Stylistics

Branches of Stylistics
1 Branches of Stylistics
4 Stylistics:Stylistics is the study and interpretation of texts in regard to their linguistic and
tonal style.It is the scientific and systematic study of linguistics.As a discipline, it links literary
criticism to linguistics.It does not function as an autonomous domain on its own, and can be
applied to an understanding of literature and journalism as well as linguistics.
5 Stylistics as a science
Stylistics is a branch of general linguistics. It is regarded as a language science which deals
with the results of the act of communication.There are 2 basic objects of stylistics:- stylistic
devices and figures of speech- functional styles
6 Branches of Stylistics
7 Computational Stylistics
Lexical StylisticsComparative StylisticsPhonostylisticsGrammatical StylisticsFunction of
StylisticsStylistics syntaxIndividual style study
8 COMPUTATIONAL STYLISTICS
Pure computationalstylisticsThe fieldIntroductionEmpiricalstudyCOMPUTATIONAL
STYLISTICSScopeSample ofcorpusCorpusApplication toLanguage
LearningComputationalstylistics
10 Lexical stylistics: Lexical stylistics studies functions of direct and figurative meanings,
also the way contextual meaning of a word is realized in the text. Lexical stylistics deals with
various types of connotations – expressive, evaluative, emotive; neologisms, dialectal words
and their behaviour in the text.Comparative stylistics: Comparative stylistics is connected with
the contrastive study of more than one language. It analyses the stylistic resources not
inherent in а separate language but at the crossroads of two languages, or two literatures
and is obviously linked to the theory of translation.
11 Phonostylistics:Phonostylistics is phonetical organization of prose and poetic texts.

Here are included rhythm, rhythmical structure, rhyme, alliteration, assonance and
correlation of the sound form and meaning. Also studies deviation in normative
pronunciation. Phonostylistics studies the way phonetic means of the language function in
various oral realizations of the language. The choice of the phonetic means suitable to this or
that situation depends on a number of factors, among which extra-linguistics ones are very
important as they result in phonostylistic varieties.
13 Grammatical stylistics: Grammatical stylistics is subdivided into morphological and

syntactical stylistics.Morphological stylistics views stylistic potential of grammatical categories
of different parts of speech. Potential of the number, pronouns.Syntactical stylistics studies
syntactic, expressive means, word order and word combinations, different types of sentences
and types of syntactic connections. Also deals with origin of the text, its division on the
paragraphs, dialogs, direct and indirect speech, the connection of the sentences, types of
sentences.
14 Function of Stylistics:
Stylistics of decoding– deals with all subdivisions of the language and its possible use
(newspaper, colloquial style). Its object - correlation of the message and communicative
situation.Stylistics of encoding - The shape of the information (message) is coded and the
addressee plays the part of decoder of the information which is contained in message. The
problems which are connected with adequate reception of the message without any loses
(deformation) are the problems of stylistics of encoding.
16 Stylistic Syntax: Stylistic Syntax is one of the oldest branches of stylistic studies that
grew out of classical rhetoric. The material in question lends itself readily to analysis and
description. Stylistic syntax has to do with the expressive order of words, types of syntactic
links ( asyndeton, polysyndeton), figures of speech (antithesis, chiasmus, etc.). It also deals
with bigger units from paragraph onwards.Individual style study: It studies the style of the
author. It looks for correlations between the creative concepts of the author and the language
of his work.
17 ConclusionStylistics is the scientific study of language and literature.It has link with other
different fields of sciences.Study of stylistics include phonology, morphology, phonetics,
syntax, etc.Stylistics helps to understand the language in a different and better way.Use of
stylistics is also seen in our daily life as reading sign boards etc.
• Forensic Stylistics
• Expressive Stylistics
• Feministic Stylistics
• Comparative Stylistics
• Pedagogical Stylistics
Literary and linguistic stylistics, comparative stylistics, decoding stylistics and

functional stylistics.
I. According to the type of stylistic research we can distinguish literary

stylistics and lingua–stylistics. Both have common objects of research. Both study
the common ground of:
1) the literary language from the point of view of its variability;
2) the idiolect of a writer;
3) poetic speech that has its own specific laws.
But they differ in points of analysis. Lingua–stylistics studies
• functional styles and

• the linguistic nature of the expressive means of the language, their systematic
character and their functions.
The subjects of Literary Stylistics are:
• composition of a work of art

• various literary genres
• writer’s outlook.
II. Comparative stylistics deals with the contrastive study of more than one
language. It analyses the stylistic resources not inherent in a separate language but
at the crossroads of two languages, or two literatures and is linked to the theory of
translation.
III. Decoding stylistics
A comparatively new branch of stylistics is the decoding stylistics, which can be

traced back to the works of L.V. Shcherba, B.A. Larin, M. Riffaterre, R. Jackobson
and other scholars of the Prague linguistic circle. A serious contribution into this
branch of stylistic study was also made by Prof. I.V.Arnold.
Each act of speech has the performer, or sender of speech and the recipient. The
former does the act of encoding and the latter the act of decoding the information.
If we analyze the text from the author’s (encoding) point of view we should consider
the epoch, the historical situation, and personal, political, social and aesthetic views
of the author.
But if we try to treat the same text from the reader’s angle of view, we shall have to
disregard this background knowledge and get the maximum information from the text
itself (its vocabulary, composition, sentence arrangement, etc.). The first approach
manifests the prevalence of the literary analysis. The second is based almost
exclusively on the linguistic analysis. Decoding stylistics is an attempt to
harmoniously combine the two methods of stylistic research and enable the scholar
to interpret a work of art with a minimum loss of its purport and message.
IV. Functional stylistics

Functional stylistics is a branch of lingua–stylistics that investigates functional styles,
that is special sublanguages or varieties of the national language such as scientific,
colloquial, business, publicist and so on.
However many types of stylistics may exist or spring into existence they will all
consider the same source material for stylistic analysis – sounds, words, phrases,
sentences, paragraphs and texts. That’s why any kind of stylistic research will be
based on the level–forming branches that include:
• Stylistic lexicology
Stylistic Lexicology studies the semantic structure of the word and the interrelation
(or interplay) of the connotative and denotative meanings of the word, as well as the
interrelation of the stylistic connotations of the word and the context.
• Stylistic phonetics (or phonostylistics) is engaged in the study of style–
forming phonetic features of the text. It describes the prosodic features of
prose and poetry and variants of pronunciation in different types of speech
(colloquial or oratory or recital).
• Stylistic grammar
• Stylistic morphology is interested in the stylistic potentials of specific

grammatical forms and categories, such as the number of the noun, or the
peculiar use of tense forms of the verb, etc.
• Stylistic syntax is one of the oldest branches of stylistic studies that grew out
of classical rhetoric. The material in question lends itself readily to analysis
and description. Stylistic syntax has to do with the expressive order of words,
types of syntactic links (asyndeton – the omission of
conjunctions, polysyndeton – the use of a number of conjunctions in close
succession), figures of speech (antithesis – opposition or contrast of ideas,
notions, qualities in the parts of one sentence or in different
sentences; chiasmus – inversion of the second of two parallel phrases or
clauses, etc.).

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Branches of Stylistics

11 Phonostylistics:Phonostylistics is phonetical organization of prose and poetic texts.

13 Grammatical stylistics: Grammatical stylistics is subdivided into morphological and

Literary and linguistic stylistics, comparative stylistics, decoding stylistics and

I. According to the type of stylistic research we can distinguish literary

1) the literary language from the point of view of its variability;

2) the idiolect of a writer;

3) poetic speech that has its own specific laws.

But they differ in points of analysis. Lingua–stylistics studies

• functional styles and

• composition of a work of art

III. Decoding stylistics

A comparatively new branch of stylistics is the decoding stylistics, which can be

IV. Functional stylistics

• Stylistic morphology is interested in the stylistic potentials of specific

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