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    Solution Assignment 1, Spring 2024, MTH405

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    Waqar Ishaq
    The document contains solutions to 4 questions from an assignment on elementary topics in pure mathematics. Question 1 explores possible values of n using Lagrange's theorem when the order of a subgroup K divides the order of a group G. Question 2 finds possible prime values of m when the order of a subgroup S divides the order of a group G and justifies when such subgroups would be cyclic. Question 3 determines the distinct left cosets of a subgroup H of integers. Question 4 calculates the composition of two permutations.

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    Solution Assignment 1, Spring 2024, MTH405

    Uploaded by

    Waqar Ishaq
    40 views2 pages
    The document contains solutions to 4 questions from an assignment on elementary topics in pure mathematics. Question 1 explores possible values of n using Lagrange's theorem when the order of a subgroup K divides the order of a group G. Question 2 finds possible prime values of m when the order of a subgroup S divides the order of a group G and justifies when such subgroups would be cyclic. Question 3 determines the distinct left cosets of a subgroup H of integers. Question 4 calculates the composition of two permutations.

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    The document contains solutions to 4 questions from an assignment on elementary topics in pure mathematics. Question 1 explores possible values of n using Lagrange's theorem when the order of a subgroup K divides the order of a group G. Question 2 finds possible prime values of m when the order of a subgroup S divides the order of a group G and justifies when such subgroups would be cyclic. Question 3 determines the distinct left cosets of a subgroup H of integers. Question 4 calculates the composition of two permutations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    40 views2 pages

    Solution Assignment 1, Spring 2024, MTH405

    Uploaded by

    Waqar Ishaq
    The document contains solutions to 4 questions from an assignment on elementary topics in pure mathematics. Question 1 explores possible values of n using Lagrange's theorem when the order of a subgroup K divides the order of a group G. Question 2 finds possible prime values of m when the order of a subgroup S divides the order of a group G and justifies when such subgroups would be cyclic. Question 3 determines the distinct left cosets of a subgroup H of integers. Question 4 calculates the composition of two permutations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    Spring 2024

    Elementary Topics in Pure Mathematics

    Solutions of Assignment 1

    Question: 1 Marks: 05

    Let 𝐺 be a group of order 70. Suppose that 𝐾 is a proper subgroup of G and |𝐾| = 𝑛. Use Lagrange’s
    theorem to find the possible values of 𝑛.
    1. If 𝑛 is prime.
    2. If 𝑛 is not prime.
    Solution: Lagrange's theorem states that for a finite group 𝐺 and a subgroup 𝐾 of 𝐺, the order of 𝐾
    divides the order of 𝐺. In equation form: |𝐾| divides |𝐺|.
    Given that |𝐺| = 70 and 𝐾 is a proper subgroup of 𝐺 with |𝐾| = 𝑛, we shall explore the possible values
    of 𝑛 using Lagrange's theorem.
    1. If 𝑛 is a prime divisor of |𝐺| = 70, then by Lagrange's theorem, 𝑛 must divide |𝐺| = 70. The
    only primes that divide 70 are 2,5,7. Thus, the possible values of 𝑛 are 2, 5, and 7.
    2. If 𝑛 is not a prime divisor of |𝐺| = 70, it means 𝑛 cannot be 2, 5, or 7. The divisors of 70,
    excluding the primes, are 1,10, 14, 35 and 70. However, since 𝐾 is a proper subgroup, |𝐾| cannot
    equal to 1 and 70. Thus, the possible values of |𝐾| = 𝑛 when 𝑛 is not prime are 10, 14, and 35.

    Question: 2 Marks: 05

    Let 𝐺 be a group of order 60. Suppose that 𝑆 is a subgroup of G and |𝑆| = 𝑚. What are the possible
    values of 𝑛 which are prime and justify that for these values of 𝑚, 𝑆 is cyclic subgroup.
    Solution: Given that |𝐺| = 60 and 𝑆 is a proper subgroup of 𝐺 with |𝑆| = 𝑚, we shall explore the
    possible values of 𝑚 using Lagrange's theorem. The only primes that divide 60 are 2,3,5. We know that a
    group of prime order is always cyclic. So, all these subgroups of prime order are necessarily cyclic.

    Question: 3 Marks: 05

    Let 𝐻 = {0, ±6, ±12, ±18, ⋯ }. Find all the distinct left cosets of 𝐻 in ℤ (set of integers).
    Solution: let's determine the distinct left cosets of the subgroup 𝐻.
    The left cosets of 𝐻 in ℤ are sets of the form 𝑎 + 𝐻, where 𝑎 is an integer and
    𝑎 + 𝐻 = {𝑎 + ℎ ∶ ℎ ∈ 𝐻}.
    Let's compute the left cosets for different integers 𝑎 in ℤ:
    For 𝑎 = 0,
    0 + 𝐻 = {0, ±6, ±12, ±18, ⋯ } = 𝐻.
    Now, let's find other left cosets:
    For 𝑎 = 1, 1 + 𝐻 = {⋯ , −17, −11, −5,1,7,13,19, ⋯ }
    For 𝑎 = 2, 2 + 𝐻 = {⋯ , −16, −10, −4,2,8,14,20, ⋯ }
    For 𝑎 = 3, 3 + 𝐻 = {⋯ , −15, −9, −3,3,9,15,21, ⋯ }
    For 𝑎 = 4, 4 + 𝐻 = {⋯ , −14, −8, −2,4,10,16,22, ⋯ }
    For 𝑎 = 5, 5 + 𝐻 = {⋯ , −13, −7, −1,5,11,17,23, ⋯ }
    However, 0 + 𝐻 = 6 + 𝐻, 1 + 𝐻 = 7 + 𝐻 and so on.

    Question: 4 Marks: 05

    1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
    Let 𝛼 = ( ) and 𝛽 = ( ). Find 𝛼 ∘ 𝛽 and 𝛽 ∘ 𝛼.
    2 5 6 4 3 1 6 3 2 5 4 1
    1 2 3 4 5 6
    Solution: 𝛼 ∘ 𝛽 = ( )
    3 4 1 5 2 6
    1 2 3 4 5 6
    𝛽∘ 𝛼=( ).
    1 6 5 3 4 2

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