CHM231

CHM231
TUTORIAL 1: INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
1.1 TYPES AND STEPS IN ANALYSIS
1. Give the main steps in chemical analysis.

Ans:
1) defining the problem
2) selecting the method
3) acquiring the representative sample
4) processing the sample
5) eliminating the interference
6) performing the measurement
7) calculating and presenting the result
2. Differentiate between qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.

Ans: Quantitative analysis
● Analysis to determine how much of each constituent present in the
sample.
● Quantitative analysis is how much .
Qualitative analysis
● Analysis conducted to identify what are the constituents present in the
sample .
● Qualitative analysis is what .
3. State the type of analysis required for the following statements.

a) To determine and compare the percentage yield of fish oil in siakap and tilapia
fish.
Ans:Quantitative
b) To determine the presence of ascorbic acid in canned fruit juices.

Ans: Qualitative
c) To compare the amount of potassium content in varieties of local durians.

Ans: Quantitative
1.2 TREATMENT OF SAMPLE (TECHNIQUES OF SAMPLING, DRYING AND

WEIGHING)
1. Define the term sampling.

Ans:A process that obtained a representative sample of the whole sample where it can
be taken to laboratory for chemical analysis and the result obtained will be accurate.
2. Differentiate between gross sample and laboratory sample.

Ans:
Gross Sample Laboratory Sample
Consists of several portions of the Consists of small portions of gross

materials to be tested sample made homogenous
3. Describe the techniques of sampling the followings:

a) soil
Ans: Coning and Quartering is used as a method of sampling soil.
b) water
Ans: Water is a example of homogeneous mixture and it is easier to sample. So, since
the sampling techniques depends on the type of liquid, the water is included in the
category of large stationary liquids.
c) gas
Ans: It tends to be homogenous alkjnd requires a large volume of samples because
gases have lower density in states of matter. There are 3 methods that can be used in
this sampling such as air analysis, liquid displacement method and breath method.
4. Describe the problems that occurred when the sample was not handled and stored
properly before the analysis is carried out and suggest how to overcome these
problems.
Ans:
Problems occurred when the sample was Suggestions how to overcome these
not handled and stored properly before problems.
the analysis is carried out
Decomposition of sample from bacterial Samples may need to be stored in

sources refrigerator
Loss of the analyte due to exposure to -Put sample in a completely clean (sterile)
atmosphere or adsorption onto the wall of container or use contaminant-free
the container. containers
- should not be stored in glass container
Decomposition due light, heat or bacteria. Samples requiring preservation should be

preserved as soon as possible after
collection to maintain the integrity of the
sample.
1.3 DISSOLUTION OF SAMPLE AND ELIMINATION OF INTERFERENCES
1. Define the sample dissolution.

Ans: The sample is changed into solution form by dissolving the sample in suitable
solvents.
2. Name four (4) methods can be used in dissolution of samples.

Ans: (1)Partial dissolution, (2) total dissolution, (3)wet digestion, (4)dry ashing
3. Give three (3) differences between dry ashing and wet digestion.
Ans:
Dry ashing Wet digestion
determine the composition of a sample determine the composition of a sample

at its dry state at its aqueous state
Heating at a high temperature in muffle heating in the presence of a strong acid

furnace and an oxidizing agent
the sample in a dry state the sample is in aqueous state
4. Give three (3) sources of errors in decomposition and dissolution of solid samples.
Ans:
1)Light
2)Heat
3)Bacteria
5. Name two (2) common acids which can be used to dissolve organic samples prior to
analysis.
Ans: (1)HNO3 (2)HCl
6. Suggest three (3) separation methods to eliminate the interferences in the sample.
Ans:1)Precipitation
2)Extraction
3)Distillation
7. Give two (2) problems encountered during storage of samples.

Ans: It will cause contamination or alteration and loss of analyte due to exposure to
the atmosphere.
8. Explain why glass containers are inappropriate for sampling and storage of water
samples for trace level of heavy metals.
Ans: Glass containers are inappropriate for sampling and storage of water samples for
trace level of heavy metals because glass can leach small amounts of metal.

CHM231 - Tuto 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHM231 - Tuto 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TUTORIAL 1: INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

1.1 TYPES AND STEPS IN ANALYSIS

1. Give the main steps in chemical analysis.

2. Differentiate between qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.

3. State the type of analysis required for the following statements.

b) To determine the presence of ascorbic acid in canned fruit juices.

c) To compare the amount of potassium content in varieties of local durians.

1.2 TREATMENT OF SAMPLE (TECHNIQUES OF SAMPLING, DRYING AND

1. Define the term sampling.

2. Differentiate between gross sample and laboratory sample.

Consists of several portions of the Consists of small portions of gross

3. Describe the techniques of sampling the followings:

Decomposition of sample from bacterial Samples may need to be stored in

- should not be stored in glass container

Decomposition due light, heat or bacteria. Samples requiring preservation should be

1. Define the sample dissolution.

2. Name four (4) methods can be used in dissolution of samples.

determine the composition of a sample determine the composition of a sample

Heating at a high temperature in muffle heating in the presence of a strong acid

the sample in a dry state the sample is in aqueous state

7. Give two (2) problems encountered during storage of samples.

You might also like