Pacom 10299

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COATINGS
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SSPC-PA COM
November 1, 2004
SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings
PAINT APPLICATION SPECIFICATIONS AND GUIDES

Commentary on Paint Application
1. Introduction 3. SSPC-PA 2, “Measurement of Dry Coating

Thickness With Magnetic Gages”
This commentary is for information only and is not part
of the standards and guides in this chapter. Its purpose is to This document describes the types of magnetic gages
present a general description of the sections that comprise available, how to verify the calibration of the gages, and
this chapter: (1) SSPC PA 1, “Shop, Field, and Maintenance procedures to use in measuring the dry film thickness of paint
Painting of Steel;” (2) SSPC-PA 2, “Measurement of Dry on steel.
Coating Thickness with Magnetic Gages;” (3) SSPC-PA The gages are classified as either Type 1 – pull-off gages
Guide 3, “A Guide to Safety in Paint Application;” (4) SSPC- or Type 2 – electronic gages. Both are magnetic gages and
PA Guide 4, “Guide to Maintenance Repainting with Oil Base measure the thickness of dry film of a non-magnetic coating
or Alkyd Painting Systems;” (5) SSPC-PA Guide 5, “Guide applied on a magnetic substrate.
to Maintenance Coating of Steel Structures for Atmospheric This standard specifies the number of measurements to
Service;” SSPC-PA 6, “Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) be made to determine compliance with the specified minimum
Linings Applied to Bottoms of Carbon Steel Aboveground and maximum dry film thicknesses.
Storage Tanks;” SSPC-PA 7, “Applying Thin Film Coatings to
Concrete;” and SSPC-PA 8, “Thin-Film Organic Linings Applied The 2004 revision includes some changes and additions,
in New Carbon Steel Process Vessels.” SSPC-PA 6 and PA 8 as listed below.
are jointly issued as NACE No. 10 and No. 11, respectively. • Changes in gage terminology
• The procedure for dealing with a non-conforming area
2. SSPC-PA 1, “Shop, Field, and Maintenance when measuring large structures has been modified. As
Painting of Steel” before, only one 100 ft2 (10 m2) area need be measured
in each 1000 ft2 (100 m2). In the previous version of PA
This specification should be used when paint service is 2, “additional measurements must be made to isolate the
severe or when rigid requirements for appearance are estab- non-conforming area.” Added to that sentence in this latest
lished. When painting is necessary for protection from corrosive version is “and each 100 ft2 (10 m2) area painted during that
environments or for good appearance, then it is in the best work shift shall be measured.” The idea behind this change
interests of the purchaser to see that paint is applied in strict is that finding one non-conforming area indicates that
conformance with good practice. While surface preparation is something went wrong during that work shift. Therefore,
probably the most critical factor that governs the performance there is no way of knowing how many other areas are
of paints, improper paint application may result in paint failure, non-conforming unless they are all measured.
even over blast cleaned surfaces. • Gage accuracy has been changed from 10% to 5%.
The specification covers pre-application procedures that Contracting parties must now agree whether pen gages,
are necessary before actual application of paint can begin. which normally do not meet the 5% accuracy requirement,
They include handling and use of materials, surface prepara- are permitted.
tion, and proper mixing and thinning of paints. Also, general • The “Definitions” section has been expanded. A clear
conditions for good application are covered in detail and include distinction is made between calibration (normally done by
proper air temperature, moisture, humidity, cover, and surface the gage manufacturer) and adjustment (done by the user).
temperature. Two sample protocols for measuring the DFT on beams
SSPC-PA 1 permits application by brush, air spray, airless and girders is given in Appendix 3. The full DFT determina-
spray, hot spray, plural component spray, high volume low tion requires five spot measurements on each surface of
pressure spray, or a combination of these methods. Roller the beam, while the less stringent sample determination
coat applications may be used over flat or slightly curved steel requires only two or three spot measurements on each
surfaces. surface. The committee recognized that the existing PA
Inspection procedures for paint applications are discussed 2 was appropriate for large flat surfaces, but there were
in detail in Volume 1 of the SSPC Painting Manual and in , some concerns when the method was applied to more
“The Inspection of Coatings and Linings, A Handbook of Basic irregular shapes. Although appendices are not require-
Practice for Inspectors, Owners, and Specifiers.” ments of PA 2, they were written in such a way that they
can be referenced in a job specification.
7-1
SSPC-PA COM
November 1, 2004
• Appendix 4 is similar to Appendix 3 except that it refers to Planning and implementing maintenance painting
beams or miscellaneous parts painted as a laydown in a programs is presented in a logical sequence of six specific
shop. Protocols are given for two levels of DFT determina- steps. These steps range from assessing the initial condition
tion. It is suitable for referencing in a job specification. of the structure to follow-up activities required to implement an
• Protocols for measuring DFT on test panels are given in on-going maintenance program. Each step is designed such
Appendices 5 and 6. The small size of test panels does that it may be utilized in sequence with other steps, or inde-
not fit well with the usual PA 2 procedure of making five pendently for those with interest in only one or a few aspects
spot measurements per 100 ft2 (10 m2). This is obviously of the program.
for lab work and not for field use. Appendix 5 specifies the
number of gage readings for each test panel and Appendix 7. SSPC-PA 6/NACE No. 10, “Fiberglass-
6 specifies how many gage readings to take in the special Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Linings Applied to
case of a blast cleaned test panel with a thin coating. Bottoms of Carbon Steel Aboveground Storage
Tanks”
4. SSPC-PA Guide 3, “A Guide to Safety in
Paint Application” This standard recommended practice specifies the proce-
dures to design, apply, and inspect fiberglass-reinforced plastic
This guide, currently under revision, has been prepared so (FRP) linings that are applied internally to the bottom of carbon
that the user will have information available when preparing steel aboveground storage tanks (ASTs). PA 6 includes sections
a section on safety for a procurement document. The guide on lining materials, tank repair and preparation, applicator
covers in considerable detail the necessary precautions to be qualifications, surface preparation, holding primer, caulking,
taken in order to protect personnel and property from accidents laminate application, and roof leg bearing plates and a section
due to falls, toxic fumes, fires, explosion,etc. in the applica- on lining inspection, testing, and repair.
tion of coatings to steel structures. Also covered is protective
equipment to be used by the workers. Safety precautions are 8. SSPC-PA 7, “Applying Thin Film Coatings
given for the equipment for applying paint and also for the
to Concrete”
equipment for providing access to the work area.
This standard covers methods and procedures for applying
5. SSPC-PA Guide 4, “Guide to Maintenance thin film organic coatings to concrete surfaces by brush, roller,
Repainting with Oil Base or Alkyd Painting or spray. It is not intended for coatigs applied to concrete floors
Systems” or similar surfaces where thick coatings or surfacings are
applied by trowel or mechanical equipment. Among the topics
This guide has been prepared specifically for use in addressed are materials handling, mixing, thinning, moisture,
repainting with oil base, alkyd, and other solvent-thinned paint temperature, topcoating, surface porosity, coating thickness,
systems. It is concerned with procedures necessary to maintain continuity, and various methods of application.
previously painted steel structures so that they continue to
provide the corrosion protection as originally intended. Items 9. SSPC-PA 8/NACE No. 11, “Thin-Film Organic
covered are determining when maintenance painting is required Linings Applied in New Carbon Steel Process
and preparing the existing surface for painting.
Vessels”
6. SSPC-PA Guide 5, “Guide to Maintenance This standard covers methods and procedures for applying
Coating of Steel Structures for Atmospheric thin film (less than 500 µm [20 mils]) organic coatings to new
Service” steel vessels. Among the topics addressed in this standard are
lining materials, vessel fabrication and preparation, applicator
This guide, intended for use primarily by the ownerʼs repre- qualifications, surface preparation, lining application, and
sentative, covers procedures for developing a maintenance inspection and repair of vessel lining.
painting program for steel structures. It may be used for one
time repaint programs or long range repaint programs.
7-2

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COPYRIGHT © SSPC: THE SOCIETY FOR PROTECTIVE

This document and the information contained herein are copyrighted by

SSPC standards, guides, specifications, and other technical documents are

SSPC specifically disclaims responsibility for the use or misuse of any

SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings

PAINT APPLICATION SPECIFICATIONS AND GUIDES

1. Introduction 3. SSPC-PA 2, “Measurement of Dry Coating

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