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    Tutorial 6

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    maittt.22ba13211
    The document discusses chemical bonding, molecular geometry and bonding theories. It provides examples of molecular shapes and asks questions about electron domains, hybridization, and whether molecules are polar or nonpolar. It also discusses molecular orbitals, bond orders, and isoelectronic molecules.

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    Tutorial 6

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    maittt.22ba13211
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    The document discusses chemical bonding, molecular geometry and bonding theories. It provides examples of molecular shapes and asks questions about electron domains, hybridization, and whether molecules are polar or nonpolar. It also discusses molecular orbitals, bond orders, and isoelectronic molecules.

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    The document discusses chemical bonding, molecular geometry and bonding theories. It provides examples of molecular shapes and asks questions about electron domains, hybridization, and whether molecules are polar or nonpolar. It also discusses molecular orbitals, bond orders, and isoelectronic molecules.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views4 pages

    Tutorial 6

    Uploaded by

    maittt.22ba13211
    The document discusses chemical bonding, molecular geometry and bonding theories. It provides examples of molecular shapes and asks questions about electron domains, hybridization, and whether molecules are polar or nonpolar. It also discusses molecular orbitals, bond orders, and isoelectronic molecules.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    General Chemistry I

    Tutorial 6: Chemical bonding, Molecular geometry and Bonding theories (II)

    1. The figure that follows shows ball-and-stick drawings of three possible shapes of
    an AF3 molecule.

    (a) For each shape, give the electron-domain geometry on which the molecular
    geometry is based.

    (b) For each shape, how many nonbonding electron domains are there on atom A? (c)
    Which of the following elements will lead to an AF3 molecule with the shape in (ii):
    Li, B, N, Al, P, Cl?

    (d) Name an element A that is expected to lead to the AF3 structure shown in (iii).
    Explain your reasoning.

    2. Predict whether each of the following molecules is polar or nonpolar: (a) IF, (b)
    CS2, (c) SO3, (d) PCl3, (e) SF6, (f) IF5.

    3. Dichlorobenzene, C6H4Cl2, exists in three forms (isomers) called ortho, meta, and
    para:

    Which of these has a nonzero dipole moment?

    1
    4. The nitrogen atoms in N2 participate in multiple bonding, whereas those in
    hydrazine, N2H4, do not.

    (a) Draw Lewis structures for both molecules.

    (b) What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atoms in each molecule?

    (c) Which molecule has the stronger N ¬ N bond?

    5. Acetylsalicylic acid, better known as aspirin, has the Lewis structure

    (a) What are the approximate values of the bond angles labeled 1, 2, and 3?

    (b) What hybrid orbitals are used about the central atom of each of these angles?

    (c) How many s bonds are in the molecule?

    6. Consider the H2+ ion.

    (a) Sketch the molecular orbitals of the ion and draw its energy-level diagram.

    (b) How many electrons are there in the H2+ ion?

    (c) Write the electron configuration of the ion in terms of its MOs.

    (d) What is the bond order in H2+?

    (e) Suppose that the ion is excited by light so that an electron moves from a lower-
    energy to a higher- energy MO. Would you expect the excited-state H2 ion to be
    stable or to fall apart? Why?

    (f) Which of the following statements about part (e) is correct: (i) The light excites an

    2
    electron from a bonding orbital to an antibonding orbital, (ii) The light excites an
    electron from an antibonding orbital to a bonding orbital, or (iii) In the excited state
    there are more bonding electrons than antibonding electrons?

    7. Explain the following

    (a) The peroxide ion O22- has a longer bond length than the superoxide O2-.

    (b) The magnetic properties of B2 are consistent with the 2p MOs being lower in
    energy than the 2p MO.

    (c) The O22+ ion has stronger O-O bond than O2 itself.

    8. The iodine bromide molecule, IBr, is an interhalogen com- pound. Assume that the
    molecular orbitals of IBr are analogous to the homonuclear diatomic molecule F2.

    (a) Which valence atomic orbitals of I and of Br are used to construct the MOs of
    IBr?

    (b) What is the bond order of the IBr molecule?

    (c) One of the valence MOs of IBr is sketched here. Why are the atomic orbital
    contributions to this MO different in size?

    (d) What is the label for the MO?

    (e) For the IBr molecule, how many electrons occupy the MO?

    9. (a) The nitric oxide molecule, NO, readily loses one electron to form the NO+ ion.
    Which of the following is the best explanation of why this happens: (i) Oxygen is
    more electronegative than nitrogen, (ii) The highest energy electron in NO lies in a
    p2*p molecular orbital, or (iii) The p2*p MO in NO is completely filled.

    3
    (b) Predict the order of the N ¬ O bond strengths in NO, NO+, and NO-, and describe
    the magnetic properties of each.

    (c) With what neutral homonuclear diatomic molecules are the NO+ and NO- ions
    isoelectronic (same number of electrons)?

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