M2 Unit 4

For more Subjects
https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes
Unit –IV
Curve Tracing
Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Curve Tracing
Tracing of curves means finding approximate shape of the
curves using different properties like symmetry, Intercepts,
tangents, asymptotes, region of existence etc.
The knowledge of tracing of curves is useful in applications of
integration in finding area, mass, center of gravity, volume etc.
1.Concavity.
(i) Concave upwards (Convex downwards.)
(ii) Convex upwards (Concave downwards.)
. nt
.
e nt ge
ng tan
e ta th
e
h w
vet Belo
Abo
(i) (ii)
2. Singular Points. Following points are called as singular points.
(i) Double Point – through which two branches of curve pass.
(ii) Multiple Point - through which more than one branches of curve pass.
(iii) Node – A double point is called a node if distinct branches have distinct
tangents.
y
x
o A
Node
Tangents
IV. Cusp: A double point is called cusp if two branches have a common
tangent. Y
Cusp
Common Tangent.
X
O
V. Point Of inflexion : A curve has inflexion at P if it changes from

concavity upwards to concavity downwards or vice versa.
O
VI. Isolated Point : A point P is called a isolated point or conjugate
point if the co-ordinates of P satisfies the equation of the curve , but
no branches passes through P.

Types of Curves
• Cartesian curves
• Parametric curves
• Polar curves
• Rose curves
• Rectification of curves

Cartesian curve
(Explicit relations)

Rules For Tracing Of Cartesian
Curves.

Rule 2. Special Points on the Curve

Rule 3 :Tangents:
1. Tangents at the origin : If a curve is passing through origin then :
The equation of the tangent or tangents at origin can be obtained by
equating to zero, the lowest degree terms taken together in the
equation of the curve.

4. Asymptotes
•
5. Region of Absence of the Curve

1) A double point is Node if
a) Distinct branches have a b) Distinct branches have distinct
common tangent tangent
c) Tangent at double point is above d) Tangent at double point is
the curve below the curve
2) A double point is Cusp if

Two branches have distinct Tangent line cuts the curve
a) b)
tangents unusually
Two branches have a common
c) d) None of the above
tangent
3)
a) b)
c) d)
4)
a) b)
c) d)
5)
a) b)
c) d)
6) If the curve passes through origin then the tangent to the curve at origin is
obtained by
Equating highest degree terms to Equating odd degree terms to
a) b)
zero zero
Equating even degree terms to Equating lowest degree terms

c) d)
zero to zero
•

•

•

•

•

Assignments

a) b)
c) d)
a) b) does not pass through origin
c) passes through the origin d)
a) b) Lowest degree terms to zero
c) Highest degree terms to zero d)

a) b)
c) d)
a) b)
c) d)
a) b)
c) d)
Parametric Curve Equations, x = f (t) , y = g(t)
Where t is a parameter.
Rules For Tracing parametric Curves.

-------------------------------------------------------------M-------------------------------------------------------

Y
(0,b)
Tangent
6. Table: b
θ 0 π/2 a
X’ (-a,0) O (a, 0) X
x a 0
y 0 b
We considered this table because (0,-b)

the curve is symmetric about both axes.
------------------------------------------M------------------------------------ Y’
Ex 2 : Trace the curve
B(0,a)
a
a a r k
A(a,0) X o
X’ A’(-a,0) O W
a e
om
H
B’(0,-a)
Y’
----------------------------------------------------------M--------------------------------------------------------
Cycloid : A locus of a fixed point on the circumference of a circle
when rolled on a plane along a given line is called as cycloid

Ex 3: Trace the curve x = a ( θ + sin θ ) , y = a ( 1 + cos θ )

Y
( 0 , 2a)
Tangent
- 2aπ - aπ O aπ 2aπ X
X’
Cusp
Y’

Ex 4 : Trace the curve x = a ( θ - sin θ ) , y = a ( 1 - cos θ ) Nov 2014
Y
Tangent
O X
Cusp
Ex 5: Trace the curve x = a ( θ + sin θ ) , y = a ( 1 - cos θ ) 2012
O X
Ex 6: Trace the curve x = a ( θ - sin θ ) , y = a ( 1 + cos θ )
O X
Polar Curves
π/3
θ=π/2
4
θ=
=π/
θ
π/6
θ=
θ=0

Rules For Tracing Polar Curves.
Y’ (θ=π/2)
r=0 (a,0)
X’ X(θ=0)
O
Y
•

•

•

•

line passing through pole and
a) b)
perpendicular to initial line
c) pole d)
a) b)
c) d)

•

•

•

•

•

•

Rectification Of Curves.
Definition : The process of determination of lengths of the plane curves whose
equations are in Cartesian, Parametric and Polar forms is known as
Rectification of curves.

Y
B(0,a)
C(-a,0) A(a,0)
X’ O X
D(0,-a)
Y’
---------------------------------------------------------------M--------------------------------------------------------

Y
Cusp Cusp
B( -aπ , 2a) A(aπ , 2a)
X’ θ = -π O θ=π X
Y’ θ = 0

---------------------------------------------------------------M --------------------------------------------------------

θ =π/2
θ = 2π/3
B
r= 0 r = 2a
θ=π . θ=0
a 0 A .
θ = 3π/2

AB
--------------------------------------------------------------- M --------------------------------------------------------

Y(θ=π/2)
θ=3π/4 θ=π/4
(-a,0) (a,0)
X’ (θ=π) a a X(θ=0)
O
θ=5π/4 θ=7π/4
Y’(θ=3π/2)

--------------------------------------------------------------- M --------------------------------------------------------
Thank You Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

M2 Unit 4

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

M2 Unit 4

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

M2 Unit 4

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

For more Subjects

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

V. Point Of inflexion : A curve has inflexion at P if it changes from

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

5. Region of Absence of the Curve

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

2) A double point is Cusp if

Equating even degree terms to Equating lowest degree terms

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

a) b) does not pass through origin

c) passes through the origin d)

a) b) Lowest degree terms to zero

c) Highest degree terms to zero d)

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

We considered this table because (0,-b)

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Ex 5: Trace the curve x = a ( θ + sin θ ) , y = a ( 1 - cos θ ) 2012

Ex 6: Trace the curve x = a ( θ - sin θ ) , y = a ( 1 + cos θ )

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

B( -aπ , 2a) A(aπ , 2a)

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

Thank You Other Subjects: https://www.studymedia.in/fe/notes

You might also like