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    Demineralization of Water by Ion Exchange

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    Deena
    The document discusses the demineralization process for removing ions from water using ion exchange resins. Hard water is passed through cation exchange resins to remove cations like calcium and magnesium, then through anion exchange resins to remove anions like chloride and sulfate. This produces demineralized water that contains very low levels of dissolved ions and is soft.

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    Demineralization of Water by Ion Exchange

    Uploaded by

    Deena
    43 views2 pages
    The document discusses the demineralization process for removing ions from water using ion exchange resins. Hard water is passed through cation exchange resins to remove cations like calcium and magnesium, then through anion exchange resins to remove anions like chloride and sulfate. This produces demineralized water that contains very low levels of dissolved ions and is soft.

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    Demineralization of water by Ion exchange

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    The document discusses the demineralization process for removing ions from water using ion exchange resins. Hard water is passed through cation exchange resins to remove cations like calcium and magnesium, then through anion exchange resins to remove anions like chloride and sulfate. This produces demineralized water that contains very low levels of dissolved ions and is soft.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    43 views2 pages

    Demineralization of Water by Ion Exchange

    Uploaded by

    Deena
    The document discusses the demineralization process for removing ions from water using ion exchange resins. Hard water is passed through cation exchange resins to remove cations like calcium and magnesium, then through anion exchange resins to remove anions like chloride and sulfate. This produces demineralized water that contains very low levels of dissolved ions and is soft.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Demineralization of water by Ion exchange or

    Demineralization process – (An External treatment)


    Softening or conditioning of water
    • The process of removing hardness producing salt from water.
    • Two methods are (a) External treatment (b) internal treatment
    Ion exchange or demineralization process
    • The process in which removal of almost all the ions (both anion and
    cation) present in the hard water.
    • The soft water, produced by lime-soda and zeolite processes, does
    not contain hardness producing Ca and Mg ions, but it will contain
    2+ 2+

    other ions like Na+, K+, SO42–, Cl– etc.,


    • On the other hand demineralised (DM) water does not contain both
    anions and cations.
    • Thus soft water is not demineralised water, whereas demineralised water
    is soft water.
    Demineralization process
    • This process is carried out by using ion exchange resins, which are
    long chain, cross linked, insoluble organic polymers.
    • The functional groups of present in resins are responsible for the
    ion exchanging properties.
    Cation exchanger
    • Resins containing acidic functional groups (–COOH, – SO3H).
    • Acidic resins are capable of exchanging their H + ions with other cation
    present in hard water.
    • Cation exchange resin is represented as RH2.
    Examples: Sulphonatedcoals, Sulphonated polystyrene, R–SO3H; R–
    COOH ≡ RH2.
    Anion Exchanger
    • Resins containing basic functional groups (–NH2, –OH).
    • Basic resins are capable of exchanging their anions with other
    anions present in hard water.
    • Anion exchange resin is represented as R (OH)2.
    Examples: Cross-linked quaternary ammonium salts, Urea-
    formaldehyde resin, R–NR3OH; R–OH; R–NH2 ≡ R (OH)2
    Process
    • The hard water first passed through a cation exchange which absorbs
    all the cations like Ca2+, Mg2+ Na+, K+ from the hard water.
    RH2 + CaCl2 → RCa + 2HCl
    RH2 + MgSO4 → RMg + H2SO4
    RH + NaCl → RNa + HCl
    • The cation free water is then passed through anion exchange column.
    • Cation exchange column absorbs all the anions like Cl–, SO42-, HCO3–,
    from the hard water.
    R' (OH)2 + 2HCl → R'Cl2 + 2H2O
    R'(OH)2 + H2SO4 → R'SO4 + 2H2O
    • The water coming out of the anion exchanger completely free from
    cations and anions.
    • This water is known as demineralised water or deionised water.

    Regeneration
    • The exhausted cation exchange resin can be regenerated by passing a
    solution of dil.HCl or dil.H2SO4.
    RCa + 2HCl → RH2 + CaCl2
    RNa + HCl → RH + NaCl
    • Similarly, the exhausted anionic exchange resin can be regenerated by
    passing a solution of aq.NaOH.
    R’Cl2 + 2 NaOH → R'(OH)2 + 2 NaCl
    Advantages
    • The obtained water will have very low hardness.
    • Highly acidic or alkaline water can be treated by this process.
    Disadvantages
    • The equipment is costly.
    • More explosive chemicals are needed for this process.
    • Water containing turbidity, Fe and Mn cannot be treated. Hence
    turbidity reduces the output.
    Difference between Zeolite and Demineralization process
    S.no Zeolite process Deminealization process
    1. It exchanges only cation It exchanges both anion and cation
    2 Acidic water cannot be treated Acidic water can be treated
    3 The treated water contains contain The treated water does not contain
    small amount of dissolved salts. small amount of dissolved salts.
    Hence priming, foaming, and Hence there is no priming, foaming,
    caustic embrittlement are possible. and caustic embrittlement.
    4 Water containing turbidity, Fe, Mn Also, Water containing turbidity, Fe,
    cannot be treated. Mn cannot be treated.
    5 Treated water is not soft water. Treated water is a soft water.

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