‫‪Research Papers Abstracts‬‬

‫ملخصات مجمل ابحاث االنتاج العلمى‬

 Canine Pyoderma, Clinical and Laboratory Findings with Special
Reference to Therapeutic Trials.

Khloud A Abeed, Abd ElFatah AE, Kelany WM, Noha Y Salem

Abstract

Pyoderma is one of long standing problems and one of the most common
skin problems in dogs. Staph intermedius is the primary pathogen has vast
majority causative isolation in pyoderma cases. Main objective of the
present investigations was to study the etiology and antimicrobrial
resistance of staphylococci. The present work aimed to select a
satisfactory prescription for cases of pyoderma. Total number of 13 dogs
was examined for dermatological pyoderma lesions. Main clinical signs
were pruritus, skin lesion (papules and putules), marked alopecia and
epidermal collaret's were recorded. The most affected breed was German
shepherd. Amoxicillin-calvulnic acid, cephalosporins achieved magic
results on antibiogram basis in treatment of pyoderma. Definitive
diagnosis isolation, identification of M.O. with subsequent culture and
sensitivity test provide accurate and precise information about which
drug to be used. There are no significant changes in serum biochemical
analysis except for ALT; significant increase in WBCs especially in
neutrophils with subsequent decrease in lymophocyte counts.

J Egy Vet Med Assoc, 2013, 73(4):769-775.

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 Naturally occurring Ehrlichiosis in Egyptian Dogs

Salem NY, Rakha GH, Baraka, TA

Abstract

Canine ehrlichiosis has emerged as one of the most clinically important

tick-borne diseases affecting dogs. Eighty-five naturally infected dogs
have been investigated; the most consistent clinical signs recorded were
fever, emaciation and lymphoadenopathy, anemia, monocytosis,
thrompocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, elevation in liver enzymes and
total bilirubin were the most remarkable changes associated with canine
ehrlichios is in Egyptian dogs; microscopic examination failed to provide
definitive diagnosis ofcanine ehrlichiosis. Season did not greatly influence
the disease; the type of ticks involved in the disease transmission in Egypt
wasRhipicephalus sanguineus

Key words: Canine ehrlichiosis, Fever,Anemia, Liver enzymes, PCR

Iranian J Vet Research, 2014, 15(1): 54-57.

Canine Viral Diarrhea: Clinical, hematological and alterations with

particular reference to in-clinic rapid diagnosis.
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 Salem NY

Abstract

Diarrhea is one of most faced medical problems in canine practice; viral

causes comprise a good proportion. Thirty-five diarrheic dogs examined
in this study for clinical signs, hematologic, serum biochemical
alterations; rapid in-clinic immune chromatography test used to
determine the causative agents and results were compared to RT-PCR
findings. Anemia, leucopenia, neutropenia and lymphopenia were the
most observed hematologic alterations in both viruses, increase in ALT,
ALP, triglycerides with decrease in albumin, sodium and chloride were
the most observed serum biochemical alterations in CPV while increase in
BUN and triglycerides and decrease in sodium level observed in CDV.
Immune chromatography [IC] test is a rapid, sensitive and accurate tool
for in-clinic diagnosis for both CPV and CDV antigen and when
compared with RT-PCR for CDV.

Key words: CPV CDV Hematology Biochemistry IC

Global Veterinaria, 2014, 13(3):302-307.

Comparative Studies on Acid Base Status in Pneumonia and After

Treatment with Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Goat

El-Mashad, N. E.; Baraka, T.A.; Salem, N. Y.; Khattab, M. R.

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Abstract

Etiologic approach to the diagnosis, treatment, and control of ovine respiratory

diseases is unrealistic in most general veterinary practice situations because clinical
signs are not pathognomonic for particular causative agents, costs, limit laboratory
resources to isolate the causative agents, and necropsy findings are easily confused
(Donachie, et al., 2007; Sharp, et al., 2007; Galapero, 2016).To compare efficacy of
flunixin meglumine versus dexamethasone in controlling sever inflammation and
pain accompanied to pneumonia under field conditions; 40 goats of native breed of
both sexes, aged 6 months to 2 years, with pneumonia in Giza, Egypt; were used in
this study. prior to the study, animals were randomly divided into two groups: 15
assigned to the flunixin meglumine group were injected with flunixin meglumine, 2ml
per 45kg bodyweight (equivalent to 2.2mg flunixin per kg) administered
intravenously, repeated as at 24 hour intervals for up to 5 consecutive days. and 15
assigned to the dexamethasone group were injected intramuscularly with
dexamethasone sodium phosphate, 3ml per 50kg bodyweight (equivalent to 2.2mg
dexamethasone sodium phosphate per kg) administered intravenously. repeated as at
24 hour intervals for up to 5 consecutive days. the remaining 10 animals, clinically
healthy, served as a control group. Significant differences in the acid base status
between the groups flunixin meglumine d zero (p <0.05) and the groups control (p
<0.01). significant differences between the groups flunixin meglumine and
dexamethason d zero, no significant differences were seen in the acid base status
between the dexamethasone group and control after treatment. Dexamethasone
considered more efficient in treatment of pneumonia in goats.

Keywords: Blood gases, pneumonia, goat, dexamethasone, flunixin meglumine.

7th scientific conference of Egyptian society for animal management 26-30

August 2015.

The effect of inhaled bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory therapies

for induced airway inflammation in dogs

Kubesy AA, Noha Y Salem, Torad FA, Eman S Mahmoud

Abstract
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 The disorders of the respiratory tract are common problems in dogs;
traditional therapies have often included corticosteroids and
bronchodilators given by oral or injectable route usually have variable
side effects but now aerosol therapy can be advocated as alternative
treatment option. In this study,18- dogs were examined for developed
clinical manifestations after induction of airway inflammation by
inhalation of cadmium chloride , hematologic constituents,
bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) cytological and biochemical
constituents , thoracic radiography and bronchoscopy were carried up.
The dogs were divided into 2 subgroups, one received the bronchodilaror
and the anti-inflammatory by oral and injectable route and the other
received the therapy by inhalation route. Clinical improvement was
faster in subgroup treated by inhaled route when compared with
subgroup treated by traditional route.

Key words: Dogs, airway inflammation .aerosol therapy, hematology,

BALF cytology and MMPs.

J Egyptian Veterinary Medical Association 2015, 75(2):201-213.

Cytological, Biochemical and Bacteriological analysis of

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids in Healthy cosmopolitan Dogs

Kubesy AA, Khattab MR, Salem SE, Salem NY, Ali ME

Abstract

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Epithelial lining fluids (ELF) from alveoli and airways can be diagnostic
for lower respiratory diseases. However few studies are concerning in
establishing reference range for cytological and non-cytological
constituents of BAL especially after urea adjustment to overcome the lack
of uniformity of ELF fraction in the retrieved fluid. This study was
conducted to analyze different BAL constituents with urea adjustment.
For this purpose 8 dogs were used in this study and BALF collected was
examined cytologically, biochemically and bacteriologically. The result
showed predominance of alveolar macrophaghe (78%±1.85) followed by
lymphocytes (9%±2.07) in cytological axis and the range of different
biochemical constituents including ALP (197U/L), LDH (113U/L), Ca
(15mg/dl), and phosphorus (4mg/dl) as well as MMP-2, MMP-9 and total
gelatinases determination using gelatin zymography.

Key words: Cystological, Biochemical, Bacteriological, Analysis of

bronchoalveolar lavage, dogs

Veterinary Medical Journal- Giza, 2015,61(2):59-66.

Serum Protein and Lipid Profile of Gastrointestinal affections in dogs

Wedad A Abdallah, Baraka TA, Salem NY

Abstract

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Gastrointestinal affections are the most common disorders seen in the
dogs. The protein and lipid profiles are very important markers for
diagnosis and prognosis of several cases. This study was applied on 66
dogs included 19 healthy as control group and 47 diseased dogs were
divided into 4 groups: enteritis group (7 dogs), gastritis group (7 dogs),
gastroenteritis group (26 dogs), and hemorrhagic enteritis group (7 dogs).
All dogs exposed to complete comprehensive clinical and physical
examination, complete blood picture, serum biochemistry of protein
profile (total protein, albumin, globulin, and A/G ratio) and lipid profile
(cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and VLDL). Significant increases in
lipid profile, and decreases in protein profile were the almost observed
serum biochemical alterations in gastrointestinal affected dogs groups.
Lipid profile can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator in
gastrointestinal affections in dogs.

Key words: Dogs, Gastrointestinal affections, Serum protein and lipid profiles.

7th Scientific Congress of Egyptian Soc Anim Mang, 26-30 August, 2015,
Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt

Hemato-biochemical and Mineral Status in Mixed Parasitic infection in

Arabian Foals

Noha Y Salem, Shimaa G Yehia, Mohamed A El-Sherif

Abstract

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In equine practice, parasitic infestation comprises a major health and
management problem especially in foals. This study was designed to
investigate hematological, selected biochemical and minerals levels in
foals infected with both Parascaris equorum and Oxyuris equi. A total
number of twenty-two Arabian foals were examined in this study; the
main problem was inappetence, tail scratching and failure to gain weight.
The hematologic findings showed marked eosinophilia. Serum
biochemical findings showed significant decrease in TP and Albumin
values along with significant increase in the cholesterol level. Zinc level
showed significant decrease while the copper and iron levels showed
decrease in values in comparison to control data however, differences are
considered to be not statistically significant. The parasitic burden
appeared to directly affect the mineral status level.

Key word: Foal, Hematology, Mineral status, Parasite

IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 2015, 8(10):37-39.

Hemato-biochemical and Mineral Status in dogs with intermittent

diarrhea and unthriftness

Noha Y Salem, Shimaa G Yehia, Mohamed A El-Sherif

Abstract

Parasitic infection in dogs constitutes a major health concern to both

veterinarian and pet owner. This study aims to scrutinize the effect of
T.canis on hemato-biochemical and mineral status in dogs. Thirty dogs

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were involved in this investigation, hematologic, serum and stool samples
were taken and examined. Significant decrease in RBCs, HB, and PCV
along with significant increase in WBCs and eosinphils were the most
consistent hematologic alterations recorded. Significant decrease in TP,
albumin accompanied by significant increase in ALT, AST and cholesterol
values were found. Mineral profile showed significant decrease in zinc,
copper and iron levels in the examined dogs. In conclusion, Toxocara
canis infection appeared to have direct effect on mineral and cholesterol
levels in dogs; anemia is furthermore major health concern associated
with the parasite.

Keywords: Dogs, Toxocara canis, Mineral profile, Hemato-biochemical

alterations

Research Journal of Veterinary practitioners 2015, 3 (4):89-92.

Malondialdehyde Status, Trace Minerals and Hematologic Results of

anemic-T. equi infected Egyptian Horses

NY Salem and MA El-Sherif

Abstract

Equine piroplasmosis is a clinically significant widespread tick borne

disease affecting equine population. Thus, this study aims to describe the
clinical signs, correlation between the developed anemias and mineral
status along with the lipid peroxidation product Malondialdehyde (MDA)
in naturally occurring T. equi infected horses in Egypt. Twenty-five

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horses of different age and sex were involved in this study; horses have
signs compatible with babesial infection were examined. Fever,
hemoglobinuria and icterus were the most consistent clinical signs
recorded in this study. The hematology picture showed decrease in red
cell parameters along with leucocytosis. Macrocytic hypochromic anemia
was found in infected horses alongside relative increase in copper and
relative decrease in ferrous and zinc. MDA showed very statistically
significant difference when compared to control data. In conclusion, high
level of MDA along with reduction in PCV, HB, and RBCs count is
indicating the presence of oxidative stress and implicating the process as a
cause of anemia in T. equi infection. The mineral status (Cu, Zn, Fe)
appeared to be directly affected by the parasite and the mineral status
influenced by the anemic syndrome associated with T. equi. Inversely
correlation between zinc and MDA level might be used in planning the
treatment strategy of T. equi. Including these minerals in treatment
regimen of T. equi will help to counter the anemic nature of the disease
Keywords: T. equi, Trace Minerals, Malondialdehyde, Hematology,
Equine

International J Veterinary Science 2015, 4(3): 118-122

Thyroid Hormones Status in Puppies and Foals with poor Growth

Rate

Noha Y Salem, Shimaa G Yehia

Abstract

Poor growth rate constitutes a major health distress to both owner and
clinician. Presence of intestinal parasites interferes with digestion and
absorption and henceforth poor growth may be predictable. Thyroid
hormones are important elements for normal growth in all animals'
species. This study was performed to investigate thyroid hormones levels
in puppies and foals suffering from poor growth due to Ascaridida
infection. 25 puppies and 20 foals were involved in this study, T.canis and
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Parascaris equorum were confirmed via direct fecal smear and
sedimentation method and salt floatation technique. Serum of affected
animals was used to estimate T4, T3 and TSH levels using respective EIA
kits. The mean tT4 and T3 showed slight decrease in the value (low
normal level), however, this decrease was not considered statistically
significant and TSH differences were considered to be not statistically
significant when compared to control data in both foals and puppies.
Ascaridida infection appeared to have no direct correlation with thyroid
hormones production. No puppies or foal were suffering with
"Hypothyroidism" based on clinical pictures and laboratory outcomes
Key words: T4 level, T3, TSH level, Ascaridida, Foals, Puppies

Veterinary Medical Journal-Giza, 2016, 62(special issue):41-45.

Oxidative stress biomarkers in dermatophytosis infected dogs

El-Sherif MT, Kubesy AA, Salem NY, Jaheen AHR

Abstract

Skin affections especially of fungal etiology are common problem

faced on daily basis in canine practice. This work aimed to investigate
selected oxidative stress biomarkers in dermatophytosis infected dogs.
Clinical studies were applied on 20 dogs and for investigation of
hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers showed

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significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase, and plasma zinc levels.
Dermatophytes infection represents a stress factor to animal affecting
its antioxidant mechanism system.

Keywords: Dogs, skin affections, hematology, biochemistry, oxidative

stress biomarkers

Veterinary Medical Journal-Giza, 2016, 62(1):59-62.

Studies on oxidant-antioxidant and trace minerals alteration in

equine upper respiratory affection

Yehia SG, Salem NY, El-Sherif MA

Abstract

In equine field, respiratory affections are common diagnostic

problems, strangles is a bacterial disease causing airway affection in
young horses. This study aimed to evaluate oxidant/antioxidant

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status in strangles affected horses. Fifteen horses (15) were evaluated
in this study, the levels of SOD, GPx, Catalase, MDA, hydrogen
peroxide and antioxidant trace minerals (Zn and Cu) were estimated.
Significant decrease in SOD, GPx, Zn along with significant increase in
MDA and hydrogen peroxide levels were recorded. Oxidative process
has been associated with strangles infection in horses leading to
oxidant-antioxidant imbalance and its effect extends to associate
antioxidant trace minerals, thus, a future thinking of adding
antioxidant supplementation to regular treatment regimen may be
rewarding.

Keywords: horse; strangles; oxidant; antioxidant; trace minerals

Journal of Livestock science 2016, 7:260-264.

Clinical, hemato-biochemical alterations and oxidant–antioxidant

biomarkers in Babesia-infected calves

Noha Y. Salem, Shimaa G. Yehia, Heba S. Farag, Mohammed Awny Elkhiat

Abstract

Babesia is one of the main causes of anemia in cattle, a lot of elucidations

have been suggested to explain its pathogenesis. This study was designed to
investigate clinical, hemato-biochemical and oxidant/antioxidant status and
its relation with the resultant anemia in Babesia-infected calves. Seventeen
(17) native breed calves were involved in this study, clinical signs and
microscopic findings were recorded, also blood samples were taken to
investigate hematologic changes, serum biochemical variations and

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oxidative stress biomarkers. The most commonly observed clinical signs
were fever, emaciation, depression, icterus and hemoglobinuria. Significant
reduction in PCV, HB, RBCs, MCHC, Total protein, and albumin along with
significant increase in MCV, WBCs, monocytes and BUN were the most
consistent hemato-biochemical changes. Oxidant/antioxidant and trace
mineral assessment showed significant reduction in Superoxide dismutase
“SOD”, Glutathione peroxidase “GPx”, Zn, Cu along with significant
increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) activities. In the current investigation,
oxidant/antioxidant imbalance along with the synchronized alterations in
antioxidant trace minerals was detected in Babesia-infected calves. These
findings support notion that Babesia infection associated with oxidative
stress and this process may be linked to the resultant anemia.

Keywords: Babesia; Clinical; Hemato-biochemical; Anemia; Oxidative stress

International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine 2016, 4(1):

17-22.

Estimation of Selected Serum Biochemical and Mineral Constituents

in Anemic Goats
Noha Y Salem

Abstract

Anemia can be of different etiologies, endo and ecto-parasites can be

implicated in anemia's etiology in animals. The aim of this study was to
investigate selected serum biochemical and mineral alterations in
association with anemia caused by intestinal parasitism in goats. 20 baladi
goats were involved in this study, 8 apparently healthy goats and 12 goat
with confirmed intestinal parasite infestation and anemia. Serum samples
were used to evaluate levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol,
BUN, zinc, copper and iron. Significant reduction in protein profile along
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with selected mineral profile was observed in anemic goats along with
slight increase in cholesterol levels and BUN. Anemia in goats of parasitic
etiology appeared to have a direct effect on protein profile, cholesterol, and
direct impact on mineral profile. Anemia in association with parasitism has
an apparent impact on health status and future productivity of goats.
Keywords: Goat; Anemia; Protein profile, Minerals

9th International Scientific Conference, Faculty of Veterinary

Medicine, Suez Canal University; 23-26 November 2016, Sharm El-
Sheikh, Egypt.

Mega esophagus in Dogo Argentino Bitch Concurrent with

Hypothyroidism (A case report)
Naglaa A Abd El Kader, Haithem A Faraghali, Noha Y Salem

Summery

A 5-years Dogo Argentino bitch had suffered frequent regurgitation and

bilateral alopecia. The diagnostic workup contains thoracic and
abdominal plain and contrast radiograph, esophageo-gastroscopy. Skin
scraping was examined microscopically to exclude parasitic infestation.
Estimation of serum levels of T4, T3 and TSH. Based on history, clinical
signs, thyroid profile results, radiologic and endoscopic findings, the
bitch was diagnosed with megaesophegus concurrent with
hypothyroidism. Oral thyroxin administration along with feeding at
raised table was prescribed. The dermatologic signs and regurgitation
improved significantly with continual treatment
Keywords: Bitch, regurgitation, megaesophegus, hypothyroidism

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9th International Scientific Conference, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Suez Canal University; 23-26 November 2016, Sharm El-
Sheikh, Egypt.

Clinical, serum-biochemical and Thyroid hormones alterations in

Foals' upper airway Affection caused by Strangles

Noha Y Salem

Abstract

Upper airway infections are common illness in foals' population,

among them strangles, a bacterial infection known to affect
respiratory tract of horses at any age particularly young horses.
This study aimed to investigate the clinical, serum biochemical,
mineral and thyroid hormones alterations in association with
strangles infection. Seventeen foals "17" were involved in this
study. The most consistent clinical signs were mucopurulent nasal
discharge and abscessation in submandibular and retropharyngeal
lymph nodes. Significant increase in total protein and globulin
along with significant decrease in albumin were observed, non-
significant increase in cholesterol and BUN were recorded. In
mineral profile assay, significant decrease in zinc with non-
significant decrease in Ph accompanied with non-significant
16
increase in Cu were recorded. Thyroid hormones profile showed
non-significant decrease in T3 and T4 with no subsequent increase
in TSH were observed. In conclusion, strangles affection appeared
to have a direct effect on serum protein levels and mineral profile
status, thyroid hormones appeared to be non-significantly
decreased in association with infection.

Keywords: Foals; Strangles; Serum; Biochemistry, Minerals; Thyroid Hormones

Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Science 2017, 52(1):1-6.

Effect of Lactation on Hemato-Biochemical and Minerals Constituents

in Small Ruminant

Noha Y Salem

Abstract

One of major stressors affecting the animal is lactation phase; ewes and
does are no exception. This study aimed to investigate alterations in
serum biochemical, mineral status and hematologic value in lactating
ewes and does compared with non-lactating animals under same
condition (climate, feeding and rearing system). Significant reduction in
RBCs, HB, and PCV% along with significant increase in MCV were the
most consistent hematologic alterations. Significant reduction in protein
and lipid profile along with increase in BUN was the most consistent
biochemical alteration. The minerals profile showed decrease in Zinc,
Copper and Calcium, though PH showed no change. In Conclusion, this
study showed that the lactation has significant effect on body
metabolites, hematologic and mineral storage in small ruminant, for
future production scheme, failure to substitute those deficits, will have a
bad impact on health and metabolism of animal production lifespan.
Key words: Lactation, Ewe, Doe, Hemato-biochemical, Mineral
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International J Veterinary Science 2017, 6(1): 53-56.

Autohemotherapy autologous whole blood therapy approach to

allergy in dogs with allergic itching
El-Mashad NE, Salem NY, Baraka TA, Yehia SG

Abstract

Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) and cutaneous adverse food reaction

(CAFR) are fairly common encounter in canine practice. Nevertheless,
investigations of new treatment options have been limited. This study
carried out for assessing the efficacy of Autohemotherapy, or autologous
whole blood (ABT), as a treatment for CAD and CAFR.
This is a randomized, double-blind, controlled Study over a period of 25
days, designed for evaluation the efficacy of ABT in 45 adult dogs
suffering from atopic dermatitis and / or cutaneous adverse food
reaction. Dogs’ inclusion criteria were a seasonal itching, which had been
present for at least one year.
Animals showed good responses to intramuscular injection of ABT,
tolerated the treatment, and there were no adverse effects. Therefore,
ABT may be an alternative treatment option for patients with CAD and
CAFR. Future investigation into the mechanism with controlled clinical
studies using a large number of patients will be necessary to provide
supporting evidence for this potential treatment. The success rate seems
to be a promising option for the future treatment of allergic skin
conditions in dogs.
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Keywords: alternative medicine, atopic dermatitis, autologous blood
therapy (ABT), CAD, CARF.

J Egy Vet Med Assoc,2017, 77(1):73-79.

Rumen and Blood Constituents Alterations in Gastrointestinal

Parasites infestation in Egyptian Dromedary Camels

Baraka, T. A., El-Mashad, N. E. and Salem, N.Y.

Abstract
It was necessary to emphasize the rule of gastrointestinal parasites in
clinical physical examination, prevalence and impact on rumen and
blood constituents in healthy, infected and treated dromedary camels.
Complete clinical examination of 240 camels (including 60 infected
cases); rumen and blood samples were examined during the affection
and after treatment with Netobimin 15% (5 ml/100kg body weight).
High prevalence rate of gastrointestinal parasites was recorded as
Trichostrongylus and Nematodirus were 53.7 and 52.5 %; while that of
Heamonchus, Trichuris, Cooperia and Monezia were 22.1, 21.7, 21.3 and
12.5% respectively in camels examined around the year. The infected
camels suffered from mild rumen acidosis with significant increases
(p<0.001) in the level of acetic, probionic, butyric and isovaleric acids;
macrocytic hypochromic anemia, hemodilution, moderate hypozincemia
and hypercupremia. The increases in the rumen calcium, magnesium
and zinc were significant (p<0.001). The study of the correlations
confirmed the tight interaction between the rumen and blood
constituents in health and disease.
Keywords: body fluids, camel, gastrointestinal parasites, Netobimin
15%.

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J Egyptian Veterinary Medical Association 2017, 77(1):89-101

The Influence of Age on Hematologic Values in Arabian Fillies,

Yearling and Mares above 5 Years Old
Noha Y. Salem1, Shimaa G. Yehia1, Mohamed A. El-Sherif

Abstract

Normal hematologic parameters of great importance, however age

may influence these values of a given breed. This study directed to
investigate consequence of age on hematologic parameters of healthy
Arabian fillies, Yearling and mares. Sixty four Arabian females clinically
and apparently healthy were involved in this study (25) fillies, (27)
yearling and (12) Mares, hematologic parameters were investigated.
Significant reduction in PCV, HB, Neutrophil and MCV were observed
in fillies and yearling when compared to adult mares. Age appears to
have a significant effect on hematologic parameters in Arabian horses. It
was important to determine mean hematologic parameters in different
age groups to help establish the difference between health and disease.
Key word: Fillies, Yearling, Arabian Mares, Hematology, Health.

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Veterinary Medical Journal- Giza, 2017, 63(2):

Effect of Rumen Alkalosis on Acid-Base Balance, Electrolytes and

Fecal Examination in Cows Fed on Silage (Makmora).

El-Mashad NE, Salem NY, Orabi, S.; El-Hanafy MM

Abstract

Fifty native breed cows, assigned to study designed to clear the effect of
silage (Makmora) as a high-concentrate diet on acid-base status. The
cows were fed on 10-20 g/kg daily of silage (Makmora) before admitted
to the clinical examination because of rumen indigestion, all cows were
fed a diet containing rice straw which was used as a roughage source.
Based on the present study, the results revealed that silage (Makmora)
could be a dangerous cause for indigestion and threating general health
condition of cattle in Egypt. The protozoal, numbers and motility were
lower among diseased animals may be due to rumen ecology and
nutrient digestibility by enhancing ruminal pH.

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the diagnostic use of
the acid-base status and fecal examination as additional auxiliary means
in diagnostic investigation and as a prognostic indicator in cows with
rumen alkalosis.

Due to obtained results the serum concentrations of sodium and chloride

were appropriate values to predict rumen fermentation efficiency in
alkalosis in cows fed on silage (Makmora).

Keywords: Cows, rumen alkalosis, acid-base status, fecal examination,

(Makmora) silage

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Veterinary Medical Journal- Giza, 2017, 63; 135-143

Calcium metabolism around time of parturition in dairy cows fed on

concentrates in Egypt

El-Mashad, N. E., Orabi, S.; Salem, N. Y., Khattab, M.R

Abstract

The objective of this experiment was to determine the acid-base-balance

and calcium metabolism in dairy cows feed on concentrates in Egypt. 40
late pregnant cows (more than 240d), having completed three or more
lactations, with an expected calving date within the next three weeks
were selected. The animals were randomly allocated to 2 groups which
were offered the same diet first group consists of 20 native breed and
second group consists of 20 Holstein cows. Mean age and body weight
did not differ between the groups. Sample of blood and urine were
collected 21 days before the expected day of parturition from each cow
weekly, on the day of calving and the next two days Creatinine, urine
pH, Fractional excretion and Net acid-base excretion (NABE) were
measured in blood and urine.
Keywords: Hypocalcaemia, milk fever, calcium homeostasis, calcium
mobilization, dairy cow, subclinical acidosis, DCAD.

22
Veterinary Medical Journal- Giza, 2017, 63;127-134

23
Clinical and Laboratory Investigations Associated with Sheep’s
Allotrophagia
Noha Y. Salem1*
Abstract

Pica is a fairly common condition in small ruminants. This

study aimed to investigate changes occur in hematology, serum
biochemical, mineral, MDA and thyroid hormones in pica affected
sheep. The present study was conducted on 7 native breed sheep
aged "1year-2.5years", of both sexes (5 females and 2 males) and
five apparently healthy sheep from same locality were used as
control. Clinical, physical, skin scraping and fecal samples were
examined. Blood samples were withdrawn for hematologic
investigation; TP, albumin, BUN, creatinine, cholesterol, and
triglyceride, Zn, Cu, Ca, Ph, Mg, Malondialdehyde (MDA), T3 and
T4 were estimated in serum and heparinized plasma. Significant
reduction in RBCs, Hb, PCV, TP, and albumin, Zn, Cu, Ph and Fe
along with non-significant increase in BUN, Cholesterol and MDA
were recorded. Non-significant reduction in thyroid hormones
observed. In conclusion, Allotrophagia appeared to be strongly
correlated with mineral status in animal and have an impact on
oxidative stress marker (MDA) and hemato-biochemical
constituents with minimal effect on thyroid hormones.
Keywords: Sheep, allotrophagia, Mineral, MDA, Thyroid hormones.

Veterinary Medical Journal-Giza 2017, 63(3) [accepted for

publication].

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Altered blood oxidative stress biomarkers in association with
canine Pyoderma and Allergic contact dermatitis.

Kubesy AA, Salem NY, Jaheen AR

Skin diseases are a common problem in dogs that may lead

to increased risk of oxidative stress. This work was designed to
estimate selected oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase
(SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and plasma
zinc) in pyoderma- and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)-affected
dogs. This study was carried out on 25 dogs, in which ten dogs
were used as controls, nine dogs were affected with pyoderma,
and six dogs had ACD. Analysis of oxidative stress markers
showed a significant decrease of the mean values of GPx and CAT
enzymes in pyoderma-infected dogs while showing a significant
increase of the mean value of SOD enzymes along with a decrease
of the plasma zinc level in ACD-affected dogs. Pyoderma and
ACD are associated with significant changes in plasma biomarkers
of oxidative stress.
Keywords: Canine Skin disease Oxidative stress markers

Comparative Clinical Pathology Journal 26: 643.

doi:10.1007/s00580-017-2418-2.

25
 MicroRNA-21 expression, serum tumor markers, and immunohistochemistry
in canine mammary tumors

Ramadan ES, Salem NY, Emam IA, AbdElKader NA, Farghali HA, Khattab
MS

Abstract
Background: Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are one of the most common
malignancies in dogs and are associated with significant mortality. Serum tumor
markers and non-coding microRNAs have gained widespread popularity in human
oncology studies. The present study has two aims, first one is to investigate the
miR-21 expression compared with changes in serum tumor markers (CEA and
CA15-3) in CMT. The second aim is to detect the immunohistochemistry markers
as vimentin, P63, and -SMA in CMT.
Methods: This study enrolled 17 female dogs: 10 with mammary tumors and
seven controls without tumors. Blood samples were collected to measure miR-
21, CEA, and CA 15-3, and histological samples were prepared for histological
grading and immunohistochemistry.
Results: CA 15-3 was elevated in all animals, whereas CEA levels showed no
change compared with controls. miR-21 was upregulated 12.84-fold in animals
with CMT. The most frequently recorded CMT was the mixed type.
Myoepithelial cells were identified by P63 immunoreactivity, but not SMA.
High expression of miR-21 was observed with positive vimentin
immunoreactivity, indicating the mesenchymal origin of the tumor cells.
Conclusion: The present study showed that miR-21 was elevated to a greater
extent than CA 15-3 (12.84-fold vs. threefold). Tumors that was positive for
vimentin immunoreactivity was also associated with an elevation in the levels
of miR-21, showing that miR-21 is released from mesenchymal cells. These
findings support the hypothesis that miR-21 may be a more sensitive,
noninvasive indicator for CMT.
Keywords: CA 15-3; CEA; Canine mammary tumor; Immunohistochemistry;
miRNA-21

Vet Res Commun. 2021 Nov 17. doi: 10.1007/s11259-021-09861-9.

26
 Evaluation of chromocystoscopy in the diagnosis of cystitis in female
.donkeys

Abd El Kader NA, Farghali HA, Abu-Seida AM, Salem NY, Khattab MS

Abstract
Early detection of cystitis in equine is essential to improve the prognosis and outcome
of therapy. However, the conventional white light endoscopy is not sufficiently
accurate for this purpose. Hence, this study evaluated chromoendoscopy as a recent
diagnostic tool for cystitis in female donkeys. For this purpose, 5 apparently normal
donkeys (control group) and 5 female donkeys with cystitis (diseased group) were
used. Physical and rectal examinations, urine analysis, white light cystoscopy,
methylene blue-based chromoendoscopy and histopathology were performed in all
animals. Turbid urine exhibiting an alkaline pH and a significant (P = .02) increase in
the numbers of RBCs and WBCs was observed in the diseased group compared to the
control one. In the control group, white light cystoscopy showed a smooth pale pink
glistening mucosa with two openings of the ureters and visible submucosal blood
vessels. During chromocystoscopy, faint bluish discoloration of the mucosal surface
with clearly visible submucosal blood vessels was detectable. These findings were
correlated with the histopathological findings of the biopsies collected from the
urinary bladder. In the diseased group, white-light cystoscopy showed clearly visible
blood vessels, mildly hyperaemic mucosa in focal or diffuse forms and small vesicle
formation. Chromocystoscopy revealed dark bluish oedematous and irregular mucosa
either in a focal form or a diffuse form (marbled appearance) with deeply stained
submucosal blood vessels. Histopathologically, the urothelium was hyperplastic with
squamous metaplasia and the lamina propria was infiltrated with few leukocytes and
congested blood vessels. Small bluish dots representing the absorbed methylene blue
dye were seen in the inflamed areas against the lightly stained mucosa of the bladder.
Severe diffuse necrotic cystitis was also seen with bacterial aggregations on the
surface. Gram's staining revealed both gram positive bacilli and Gram-positive
coccobacilli. In conclusion, chromoendoscopy is a helpful tool for early diagnosis of
cystitis in female donkeys and enables targeted biopsies, which improves the
prognosis and outcome of therapy.

PLoS One. 2018 Aug 29;13(8):e0202596. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202596.

27
 Corneal Ulcer in Dogs and Cats: Novel Clinical Application of Regenerative
Therapy Using Subconjunctival Injection of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma

Farghali HA, AbdElKader NA, AbuBakr HO, Ramadan ES, Khattab MS, Salem NY,
Emam IA.

Abstract

Background: Corneal ulcer could be a major source of distress in small animals,

with many contributing agents. In recent years, few studies evaluated the efficacy of
platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in healing corneal ulcers. Aim: This study aimed to assess
the ability of subconjunctival injection of autologous PRP in the treatment of corneal
ulcers in dogs and cats as well as estimate the expression of matrix
metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and oxidative stress biomarkers in these
patients. Methods: A total number of 28 animals (16 cats and 12 dogs) were enrolled
in this study. Each animal was subjected to clinical, neurologic, and ophthalmic
examinations where the type of ulcer was documented. Tear samples were collected
for evaluation of oxidative biomarkers and MMPs; conjunctival swabs were taken to
identify the involved organism. PRP was prepared from each animal and given as
subconjunctival injection; numbers of injections were done according to case
response. Clinical follow-up was done and documented for each case. Results: In
cat patients, female and Persian cats were most affected; unilateral and superficial
ulcers were most recorded. In male dogs, unilateral, and superficial ulcers were
most recorded. FHV-1 was most identified in cats, while Staphylococcus aureus was
most identified in dogs. Numbers of injections needed to achieve healing were
recorded, with 50% of dogs needing two injections with 1-week intervals and 50% of
cats needed three injections with 1-week intervals. Alterations in both oxidative
biomarkers and MMPs were recorded in affected animals. Conclusion: The use of
autologous PRP as a subconjunctival injection in treating corneal ulcers in dogs and
cats is effective. The number of injections is the case and corneal ulcer type-
dependent. Clinical Significance: Autologous PRP as a subconjunctival injection in
treating corneal ulcer is a relatively cheap, safe method and can be done in the
clinical setting.
Keywords: MMPs; autologous PRP; cats; corneal ulcer; dogs; oxidative stress;
subconjunctival injections.

Front Vet Sci. 2021 Mar 18;8:641265

28
 Oesophageal foreign bodies in cats: Clinical and anatomic
findings.

Abd Elkader NA, Emam IA, Farghali HA, M DS, Salem NY

Abstract

Background: Anatomical feline models can aid in understanding the relationships

between clinical findings and anatomical features and the course of foreign bodies
passing through the oesophagus. This study has two goals 1) to assess feline
oesophageal foreign bodies in feline patients using physical, radiologic and
endoscopic examination and, how their location influences treatment plans and
complications. 2) How the anatomical sharp angle of the oesophagus contribute to
foreign body lodgement. Thirty-five cats were enrolled in this study; 30 of them were
clinically ill, and five cats were used for anatomical study.
Results: Cats with clinical signs underwent complete clinical and radiologic
examination. Endoscopy was performed in only five cases. The site with the highest
occurrence of foreign body lodgement was the oesophageal entrance, caudal to the
pharynx (63.3%), followed by the thoracic inlet (26.7%) and the mid-cervical region of
the oesophagus (10%). Two types of foreign bodies were identified: sewing needles
(25/30) and bone (5/30). Radiography was able to identify the location and nature of
the foreign body in all 30 affected cats. Therapeutic regimens were applied according
to the nature and location of the foreign body and any associated complications.
Removal of the foreign body was achieved using Rochester pean artery forceps in
17/30 cases, using full surgical intervention in 8/30 cases, and during endoscopy in
5/30 cases.
Conclusion: The results suggest that the location of the foreign body is strongly
related to combination of consumed foreign body type and anatomic features of the
cat oesophagus. The feline oesophagus has a variety of sharp angles that facilitate the
entrapment of rigid linear and angular foreign bodies. Radiographic imaging remains
the most frequently used diagnostic modality for determining the lodgement site and
nature of radiopaque foreign bodies. Over all complication rate was low (6/30).
PLoS One. 2020 Jun 2;15(6):e0233983.

Canine demodicosis: Hematological and biochemical alterations

29
 N. Y. Salem; H. Abdel-Saeed; H. S. Farag and R. A. Ghandour
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the most common cutaneous infections seen in veterinary
canine practice is canine demodicosis. Demodicosis is a parasitic skin infection with a possible
impact on acute-phase proteins (APPs) and oxidant antioxidant balance. This study aimed to
estimate the possible alterations in hematological, biochemical, oxidant-antioxidant, and APP
(C-reactive protein [CRP] and albumin) profiles in naturally infected dogs with demodicosis.
Materials and Methods: This study enrolled 21 dogs that were divided into two groups: The
control group including 7 apparently healthy dogs and the diseased group including 14 dogs
with generalized demodicosis. Demodicosis was confirmed through microscopic detection.
Blood samples werecollected for the estimation of CBC, total protein, albumin, alanine
transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, superoxide dismutase
(SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT),
malondialdehyde (MDA), and CRP levels.
Results: Significant reduction in red blood cells along with significant elevation in white blood
cells was recorded in the diseased group compared with the control group. There was also
significant elevation in MDA, TAC, SOD, and CRP levels along with significant reduction in
GSH-Px and CAT levels in the diseased group.
Conclusion: Based on these findings, a relationship between canine generalized demodicosis
and oxidant-antioxidant disequilibrium could be suggested. Evidence of this relation manifested
in the elevation in MDA and SOD levels and reduction in GPx and CAT levels as a
consequence to the release of ROS resulting from Demodex infection. CRP elevation is
expected in canine demodicosis.
Keywords: antioxidant enzymes, canine generalized demodicosis, C-reactive protein,
malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity.

Veterinary World, 2020, 13(1): 68-72

Evaluation of total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, catalase, proteins,

zinc, copper and IgE response in ovine verminous pneumonia
30
 Abdel-Saeed, H., and N. Y. Salem
Abstract
Pneumonia considered one of the most important and frequent problem facing sheep
industry in veterinary practice as it causes high economic losses through mortalities and weight
loss leading to poor body condition. Verminous pneumonia is one of main types of pneumonia in
Egypt that severely affect sheep with characteristic clinical picture included paroxysmal cough,
abnormal lung sound and pulmonary emphysema. This study aimed to detect alterations in total
antioxidant capacity, Malondialdehyde, catalase, Protein profile, selected minerals as well as IgE
response in verminous pneumonia in sheep. This study conducted on fourteen sheep with age
range of approximately 11.5 year. Studied animals divided into seven diseased and seven control
animals. Clinical signs were recorded and parasitic involvement was detected using modified
Baermann technique. Blood samples were collected and divided into three portions. First part was
taken on EDTA for hematological examination. Second, was taken on heparin for estimation of
TCA, Malondialdehyde, and catalase. Third portion separated and serum samples were used for
estimation of total protein, albumin, zinc and copper. Regarding results, there was significant
(P≤0.001) elevation in total leucocytic count and significant (P≤0.05) elevation of eosinophils.
Significant (P≤0.01) decrease in total antioxidant capacity was recorded while there was
significant (P≤0.01) elevation in Malondialdehyde level. Significant (P≤0.001) decrease was
recorded among total proteins, globulins, zinc and copper levels in diseased group. IgE response
indicates significant (≤0.01) elevation in diseased sheep in comparison with control group.
Verminous pneumonia appeared to be associated with oxidant-antioxidant imbalance manifested
by elevation in MDA and reduction in TAC. Reduction in albumin seems to be correlated with
oxidative stress status. IgE elevation is expected in respiratory disease especially that of parasitic
factor.

Keywords: Total antioxidant capacity, Malondialdehyde, Protein profile, IgE, Verminous

pneumonia, Sheep

Int. J. Vet. Sci 8.4 (2019): 255-258

Clinical, hematologic, sero-biochemical and IgE response in lambs with

diarrhea caused by Eimeria
Abdel-Saeed, H., and N. Y. Salem
31
 Abstract
Diarrhea is a frequently encountered problem especially in lambs. Eimeria is one of
major causes of diarrhea in young animals. It has a negative impact on health status
and growth. This study aimed to investigate changes in hematologic, selected sero-
biochemical and IgE response in lambs diarrhea caused by Eimeria infection. This
study enrolled 20 lambs, eleven diseased and 9 apparently healthy
lambs. Detection of Eimeria oocyte was done via salt floatation technique. Blood
samples were withdrawn from each animal for clinical hematology and serum
biochemistry (total protein, albumin, zinc, copper, T4 and IgE). Significant elevation
in hemoglobin, WBCs and neutrophils along with significant reduction
in lymphocytes were recorded. Eosinophils and PCV showed numerical elevation,
however, this elevation was considered to be non-statistically significant. Significant
reduction in copper level along with insignificant decrease in total protein, albumin,
and zinc were recorded. T4 showed no significant alteration in diseased group when
compared with control data. IgE response showed significant elevation in diseased
lambs compared with control lamb. Eimeria spp. has great impact on hematology and
serum biochemistry of infected lambs as well as it appears to have an effect
on immune response presented by an elevation in IgE level. Further studies needed to
be performed to investigate the effect of Eimeria spp. infection on immune response
in lambs.
Keywords: Lambs; Diarrhea; Eimeria; IgE; Hematology, Sero-biochemistry

International Journal of Veterinary Science, 2019, 8.1: 10-12

Evaluation of hepcidin level and clinico-pathological modifications

in canine parvovirus enteritis

32
 Salem, N. Y., Yehia, S. G., Farag, H. S., & Soliman, S. M.
Abstract
Canine parvovirus enteritis (CPV) is one of foremost reasons of vomiting
and diarrhea in puppies with consequential alterations in homeostasis; anemia is one of
these major changes. This investigation aimed to study alterations in Hepcidin and
clinic-pathologic parameters in CPV infected puppies. This investigation carried out
thirteen puppies with CPV enteritis and five clinically healthy puppies were enrolled as
control with total number of 18 puppies. Upon admission, clinical signs were recorded
and rapid in-clinic IC test kit for detection of CPV Ag in feces. Blood samples were
used to determine hematologic and biochemical alterations along with hepcidin level.
Vomiting and diarrhea were the main recorded clinical signs. Significant reduction in
erythrogram and leucogram were recorded in CPV infected puppies. A reduction in
Total Protein and albumin accompanied with elevation in triglycerides and Blood Urea
Nitrogen were recorded. Significant elevation in serum hepcidin values in CPV enteritis
when compared to control data was recorded. Depending on obtained results, CPV
enteritis is associated with elevation in hepcidin level, anemia, reduction in leucocytes
and elevation in triglycerides.
Keyword: Canine Parvovirus enteritis, Hepcidin, Hematology, Serum Biochemistry,
Dogs

International Journal of Veterinary Science, 2018, 7.2: 93-96

Megaesophagus in Littermates Dogo Argentino Accompanied With

Hypothyroidism

33
 Sheta, E., Abd El-Kader, N. A., Farghali, H. A., & Salem, N. Y.
ABSTRACT: Four littermates aged 5 years, belonging to the Dogo Argentino breed, experienced
frequent regurgitation, and bilateral alopecia. The diagnostic approach of treatment was associated
with a clinical examination of thoracic and abdominal plain, using a contrast radiograph and by
performing esophagogastroscopy. Skin scrapings of the affected dogs were examined microscopically
to exclude any discrepancies in the observation due to parasitic infestations. The serum levels of T4,
T3, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were estimated. On the basis on medical history, clinical
symptoms, reports of thyroid profile, radiologic and endoscopic findings, the dogs were diagnosed
with megaesophagus concurrent with hypothyroidism. Oral administration of thyroxin and assisting
feeding on a raised table was prescribed. The dermatological signs and regurgitation improved
significantly with continued feeding on.small multiple meals with a high calorie content accompanied
with elevated feeding for management of megaesophagus, proton pump inhibitors Controloc® 20 mg
pantoprazole tablet per day for the long-term management of gastroesophageal reflux and gastric
hyperacidity, in addition to oral levothyroxine for cure of hypothyrodism using Forthyron® 0.8 mg
pills dosed at 20 μg/kg every 12 hours for three months.
KEY WORDS: Dogs; Megaesophagus; Esophagogastroscopy; Hypothyrodism.

Vet Med Open J. 2017; 2(3): 143-146.

Impact of claw trimming practice on hematologic and mineral profiles in goats

Naglaa A. Abd El Kader, Ibrahim A. Emam, Noha Y. Salem, Eman S. Ramadan,
Haithem A. Farghali and Fayez A. Salib

34
Foot problems are a worldwide dilemma for small ruminant producers, as it causes production loss
with subsequent economic losses. One of these problems is claw over growth. this study was
conducted to investigate effect of claw trimming on hematologic and mineral status of goats and
application of ideal claw overgrowth trimming with maintaining healthy outlines. Forty goats were
enrolled in this study, 35 goats with overgrowth and 5 control goats. The goats with overgrowth claw
underwent trimming process. Bloods samples were withdrawn from each goat for hematologic and
mineral profile, x-ray was also performed. In trimmed-claw goats, blood samples were also withdrawn
after 5 months post trimming Significant reduction in RBCs, hemoglobin, PCV, Zinc, copper and iron
in pre-trimming group compared to control and post-trimming group. Trimming process is important
for claw health especially in goats reared on soft bedding where movement is restricted. Claw
overgrowth appeared to have significant impact on hematologic and mineral profile of affected goats.

Keywords: Goat, Claw overgrowth, Radiology, Trimming, Mineral status, Hematology.

BIOSCIENCE RESEARCH, 2019 16(3): 3217-3225

Expression of blood hepatocyte-derived microRNA-122 in canine

multicentric lymphoma with hepatic involvement
Eman S. Ramadan & Adel Abdelbaset Kubesy & Taher Ahmed Baraka & Faisal

35
 & Abdelsamad Torad
Shaymaa Ismaiel Salem & Noha Yousef Salem
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the hepatocyte-derived microRNA (miR)-122 as novel
diagnostic biomarker in canine lymphoma. Fifteen dogs were enrolled in this study. Dogs presented at
Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University. Dogs were
divided into 8 clinically healthy dogs act as control and 7 clinically ill dogs. All dogs were subjected to
clinical, ultrasonographic, hemato-biochemical and ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy for
cytological and histopathological investigations. On the basis of these results, 7 dogs were found to be
suffering from multicentric lymphoma involving liver. Serum hepatocyte-derived miRA-122 was
determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in all dogs. Multicentric lymphoma
involving liver manifested by inappetance for several days, depression and peripheral
lymphadenopathy. Hematological examination showed significant lymphocytosis. Serum biochemical
analysis revealed significant increase in ALT, AST, ALP compared to control dogs. Ultrasonography
revealed hypoechoic lymphoid aggregation at area of “porta hepatis” and circumscribed hypoechoic
nodule interrupt liver parenchyma. Cytology revealed infiltration of liver tissue by lymphoblast cells
and histopathology revealed diffuse infiltration of hepatic sinusoids and portal area by uniform
population of small lymphocytes. Serum miRNA-122 analysis showed a significant increase
represented as 9.00 fold in canine multicentric lymphoma involving liver. Serum hepatocyte-derived
miRNA-122 is of diagnostic value, non invasive, stable and easily measurable blood biomarker for the
detection of hepatocellular injury in dogs with multicentric lymphoma involving liver.

Keywords: Canine. Multicentric lymphoma. Hepatocyte derived miRNA-122. Cytology.

Histopathology. Ultrasonography.

Veterinary Research Communications (2019) 43:231–238

Bovine Cryptosporidiosis and the Egyptian Diarrheic Buffalo Calves

Dalia A Hamza, Soliman M Soliman, Noha Y Salem and Sara M Nader

36
ABSTRACT: The negative impact of diarrhea on livestock health is well known, Cryptosporidium,
is one of the protozoan that causes diarrhea in calves especially buffalo calves. Some species of
Cryptosporidium represent a zoonotic hazard. This study aimed to distinguish the potential species of
Cryptosporidium in affected buffalo calves and evaluate a modified technique to improve the
molecular detection and identification of Cryptosporidium. Twenty buffalo calves suffered from
diarrhea were enrolled in the study. The enrollment criteria depended on the results of Ziehl–Neelsen
stain. Sugar floatation technique was performed followed by oocyst concentration to form a pellet for
DNA extraction. Multiplex PCR was performed for identification and differentiation of
Cryptosporidium Spp. The results showed a mixed infection in 4 samples; the most common type of
Cryptosporidium affecting the examined buffalo calves was C.parvum (10), followed by C.bovis (7
samples) and C.andersoni (6 samples) while no C.reyne was detected in the examined samples. The
zoonotic type, C.parvum was found in 50% of the total affected animals. The current study detects
three Cryptosporidium spp. namely C.parvum, C. andersoni, and C.bovis linked to diarrhea in the
studied buffalo calves. Mixed infection with more than one species of Cryptosporidium was present.
Standard detection of oocyte in fecal samples using modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain is a simple way for
diagnosis of Cryptosporidium. However, a more sophisticated method is recommended to detect and
differentiate the zoonotic species in calves, as they symbolize a crucial source of human infection.

Key words: Cryptosporidium; Buffalo calves; Multiplex PCR; C.parvum; Diarrhea

Int J Vet Sci, 2020, 9(2): 448-452

Effect of parity on metabolic and oxidative stress profiles in Holstein

dairy cows
Shimaa G. Yehia1 , Eman S. Ramadan1 , Eissa A. Megahed2 and Noha Y. Salem

37
Abstract: Background and Aim: Pregnancy and lactation have an impact on health status of animals
and constitute burden on body metabolites and the oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium. This study is
aimed at evaluating metabolic and oxidative stress patterns and parity impacts in both primiparous
and multiparous dairy cows. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven primiparous and multiparous
Holstein cows were enrolled and categorized into four groups according to their physiologic status:
Primiparous peripartum heifer (n=5), primiparous postpartum cow (n=9), multiparous peripartum
cows (n=5), and multiparous postpartum cows (n=8). Blood sample was taken from each animal –
peripartum groups at 3 weeks prepartum and postpartum groups at 3 weeks post-parturition – for
complete blood picture, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, non-esterified fatty
acids (NEFA), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity, and haptoglobin estimation.
Results: Postpartum primiparous cows showed significant decrease in glucose, total protein, and
albumin while showing significant increase in MDA, NEFA, and globulin; on the other hand,
multiparous postpartum cows showed significant decrease in glucose, total protein, and albumin,
associated with significant increase in cholesterol and MDA when compared with prepartum PP and
MP cows, respectively. Postpartum multiparous cows significantly showed reduction in NEFA when
compared to primiparous postpartum cows. Hematologic profiles of postpartum primiparous and
multiparous cows showed significant decrease in red blood cells and packed cell volume, significant
increase in lymphocytes when compared with prepartum cows. Conclusion: Metabolic and oxidative
abnormalities exist in both primiparous and multiparous cows during the transition phase, however
postpartum primiparous cows show higher susceptibility to negative energy balance impacts.
Oxidant/ antioxidant imbalance occurred in both the primiparous and multiparous postpartum cows,
highlighting the importance of oxidative stress profiles in the assessment of metabolic health status
during transition.
Keywords: haptoglobin, heifers, multiparous, non-esterified fatty acids, oxidative stress, transition.

Veterinary World, 2020, 13(12): 2780-2786.

Altered blood oxidative stress biomarkers in association with canine

parvovirus enteritis

Noha M. Elsayed; A. A. Kubesy & Noha Y. Salem

38
bstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV-2), a member of Parvoviridae, mainly affects puppies and it is a major cause
of vomiting and diarrhea in canine; sometimes, it has fatal outcomes. This study aims to scrutinize the
alterations in hematology as well as oxidative stress biomarkers in association with CPV-2 infection
in puppies. The present study was applied on 22 dogs with different breeds, both sexes, and different
age, divided into 8 healthy dogs enrolled as a control group and 14 dogs with clinical signs consistent
with CPV-2 infection. Blood samples were withdrawn from each animal from cephalic vein for
complete blood count using automated hematology analyzer and to estimate level of oxidant
biomarkers (MDA and H2O2) and antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, GPX, catalase, Zn, Cu, and iron),
with cortisol level. The elevation of MDA, H2O2, SOD, and GPX and decrease of catalase, Zn, Cu,
and iron were recorded in diseased dogs compared with those in control dogs. In conclusion, dogs
with CPV-2 infection, MDA, and H2O2 elevation contributed to oxidative stress state and alteration
in antioxidant biomarkers as SOD, GPX, catalase, and trace minerals as Zn, Cu, and iron to
counteract the expected damage of cells were recorded. Based on these findings, antioxidant
supplementation might bolster body defense mechanism and decreases stress condition.
Keywords: Canine parvovirus (CPV-2). Antioxidant enzymes. Trace minerals. Oxidant

Comparative Clinical Pathology (2020) 29:355–359

Influence of Dexamethasone Administration on Hematology,

Biochemistry, and Thyroid Hormones in Dogs

Ryad, N., Ramadan, E. S., Salem, N., & Saleh, I. A.

39
Abstract | Veterinary drug formulary includes many anti-inflammatory drugs, among them
Glucocorticoids (GCs). This study evaluated the influence of dexamethasone parenterally (IM) on
hematology, biochemistry, thyroid function in normal healthy dogs. Ten mongrel dogs were enrolled
in this study, each dog received dexamethasone at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg once daily for 7 days then on
an alternate day for 14 days. Blood samples were taken at day 0, day 7, and day 21 of the experiment
for determination of CBC, ALT, ALP, Cholesterol, Serum total thyroxine (T4), free T4 (fT4), and
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). No significant changes in hematology were recorded throughout
the experimental period. Elevation of ALT and ALP was recorded on day 7 and continue on day 21.
Total T4 decreased significantly at day 7 and day 21. Free T4 showed a non-significant decrease at
day 7 and day 21 compared to day 0 values, TSH showed a non-significant decrease at day 7,
however, at day 21, TSH values were elevated to the level of day 0. Dexamethasone administration
has an impact on the enzymatic activities of the liver. Administration of dexamethasone at a dosage
of 0.1 mg /kg once daily for 7 days decreased total T4, while fT4 was unchanged, suggesting that fT4
may be less affected by daily dexamethasone administration. Administration of dexamethasone every
other day meddled with TT4 but its effect on FT4 was minimum. Dexamethasone in this
administrated dose has a little effect on serum TSH value.
Keywords | Dexamethasone, dogs, Thyroid hormones, ALP, Hematology.

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci, 2021, 9.1: 111-116

Trace Elements Status During Different Production Stages and

Parities in Holstein Dairy Cows

Yehia SG,. Ramadan ES, Megahed EA, Salem NY

40
Abstract | Macro and microminerals are essential for dairy cattle health. The principal purpose of the
current investigation was to explore the modifications of the blood levels of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn),
Iron (Fe), Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), and Magnesium (Mg) alterations during different
production stages of clinically healthy dairy primiparous and multiparous cows. This study enrolled
20 healthy Holstein primiparous and multiparous dairy cattle (Ten primiparous and ten multiparous).
Three blood samples were taken from each cow in close-up, early lactation, and mid-lactation
phases. Samples were analyzed for Cu, Zn, Fe, Ca, P, and Mg levels. In the primiparous group,
significant elevation in Cu, Zn, Ca, P, and Mg was seen in lactating groups compared to the
prepartum group. Significant elevation in both P and Cu were detected in early and mid-lactating
multiparous cows respectively compared to the prepartum phase. Serum Iron levels did not differ
throughout different phases in primiparous and multiparous groups. The production stage strongly
modified the trace elements profile in different parities. The parity and stage of lactation should yield
more attention during the ration formulation and minerals mix supplementation.
Keywords | Parity, Microminerals, Macrominerals, Transition, Lactation.

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci, 2021, 9.12: 2266-2271

,Influence of Season and Lactation Stage on Oxidative, Haematological

and Metabolic Profile Parameters in Holstein Dairy Cows

Yehia SG,. Ramadan ES, Megahed EA, Salem NY

41
Abstract | Seasonal variations and lactation are among stressors that have a significant impact on the
blood metabolites of dairy cattle. The current study aimed to compare the impact of season, different
lactation stages, and their combined effect on the hematobiochemical and oxidative stress variables in
Holstein dairy cows. Forty (40) multiparous Holstein dairy cows with the age range of 5-7 years were
enrolled in this study. This study was conducted during the Winter (January 2020) and Summer
(August 2020). Cows were divided according to production period and season into early-lactating
summer group (n=10), mid-lactating summer group (n=10), early lactating Winter group (n=10), and
mid-lactating Winter group (n=10). One blood sample was withdrawn from each cow for
hematological, selected serum biochemical, and oxidative stress parameters estimation. Regarding
season, in Summer, significant elevation in triglyceride and malondialdehyde (MDA) were recorded.
In Winter, total protein was significantly higher. Regarding the lactation stage, early lactation was
associated with a significant decrease in glucose, cholesterol, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)
and a significant increase in non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and MDA compared to the mid
lactating stage. Significant increases in leukocytes and lymphocytes were recorded in the summer
season compared to the Winter season regardless of the lactation stage. Season and stage of lactation
have influenced some of the blood biochemical, hematological, and oxidative stress parameters. Mild
heat stress might influence the metabolites in the early lactation stage
Keywords | Oxidative biomarkers, NEFA, Lactation stage, Season, Cow

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci, 2021, 9.12: 2095-2102

Oxidant-antioxidants and trace mineral status in Coccidiosis affecting

buffalo calves
Eman S. Ramadan, Shimaa G. Yehia, Noha Y. Salem

42
abstract
A major cause of economic losses among cattle breeders is calf diarrhea; bovine coccidiosis can
cause a severe constriction on animal productivity and is associated with diarrhea. This study aimed
to investigate the biochemical, and oxidative stress parameters in diarrhetic buffalo calves. A total
number of 16 buffalo calves enrolled in this study. Calves aged between 3 and 6 months and divided
into diarrhetic calves (N = 10) and healthy calves (n = 6). Clinical signs were recorded, and fecal
samples were taken and examined for the presence of Eimeria oocytes. A total of 10 ml of blood was
withdrawn from the jugular vein to estimate superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase
(GPx), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total protein,
albumin, zinc, and copper. The most recorded signs were diarrhea and unthriftiness. Macroscopic
findings showed offensive odor diarrhea. Mucous was detected in fecal samples. Significant elevation
in MDA along with a significant reduction in zinc, copper, TAC, SOD, catalase, and GPx was
recorded in diarrhetic calves compared to control calves. Diarrhea in calves caused by Eimeria spp. is
associated with oxidative status in the form of elevated oxidative side (MDA) and severe depletion in
antioxidant side (SOD, GPX, CAT, and TAC). Reduction in trace minerals was recorded and could
be attributed to its role in the formation of antioxidant enzymes and their subsequent depletion.
Keywords: Coccidiosis · Buffalo calves · Oxidative stress · Diarrhea · Trace element

Comparative Clinical Pathology (2021) 30:921–925

Oxidative biomarkers and lipid alterations in euthyroid and hypothyroid dogs

Noha M. Ryad, Eman S. Ramadan, Noha Y. Salem, Ibrahim Abd El-Satar Saleh

Abstract

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In recent years, few reports suggest that the oxidative process may be present in hypothyroid patients;
however, these reports were mostly contradictory and with very few data regarding canine patients.
So, this investigation was designed to study oxidative stress alterations in both hypothyroid and
euthyroid dogs. The study was conducted on thirteen dogs (six hypothyroid dogs and seven euthyroid
dogs) with an age range of 4–7 years. Establishing hypothyroidism was based on clinical signs and
results of thyroid hormones evaluation. Serum samples were taken from each animal for evaluation of
free T4 (fT4), total T4 (TT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), cholesterol, triglycerides, ALP,
malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and comparison between euthyroid
data and hypothyroid data was made. There was a decrease in fT4 and TT4 in hypothyroid patients
along with elevation in TSH, cholesterol, triglycerides, and ALP. Oxidative biomarkers showed
significant (P ≤ 0.05) elevation in both MDA and TAC in the hypothyroid dog. Canine
hypothyroidism is associated with oxidative stress manifested with elevation in MDA and TAC; this
process is exasperated by hyperlipidemia
Keywords: Hypothyroidism. Oxidant. Antioxidant. Cholesterol. Dogs.

Comparative Clinical Pathology (2021) 30:571–576

Oxidative Stress Associated with Canine Leishmaniosis with Special

Reference to Haemo-Biochemical Changes

Mousa, S. A., Attia, M. M., Khalphallah, A., & Salem, N. Y

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Abstract | The aim of this study is to identify the causative protozoan parasites infecting dogs in
Egypt by discussing the clinical signs, hemato-biochemical, oxidative stress, and the pro-
inflammatory markers alterations in Canine leishmaniosis (CanL). A total of 100 dogs of different
breeds were collected from January to December 2020. The age of the dogs ranged between 3and 10
years. All the 100 dogs suffered from signs compatible with vector-borne diseases. Only one reported
case was recorded for infection with CanL from 100 examined dogs (1% infection rate).

The dog was 7 years old female German Sphered dog with significant weight loss, depression,
pyrexia (temp=40º), lameness on hind limbs, severe respiratory manifestations, and skin ecchymosis
in the ventral abdomen, tail, and hind leg with lymphadenopathy. It had marked leukocytosis,
neutrophilia, and monocytosis. Normocytic normochromic anemia and thrombocytopenia were also
observed. The most important biochemical changes in the serum were mild hyperproteinemia,
hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, elevated liver and kidney function, elevation in C-reactive
protein and malondialdehyde level and reduction in total antioxidant capacity.
Keywords | Canine leishmaniosis; C-reactive protein; Dog protozoa; Leishmania spp.;
malondialdehyd

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci, 2021, 9.10: 1504-1510

The efficiency of intrauterine infusion of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of acute

endometritis as assessed by endoscopic, Doppler oxidative, immunohistochemical, and gene
expression alterations in jennies
Haithem A. Farghali, Naglaa A. AbdElKader, Mohamed Fathi, Ibrahim A. Emam, Huda O. AbuBakr,

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Samira H. Alijuaydi, Noha Y. Salem, Marwa S. Khattab, Ali Salama, Eman S. Ramadan, Shimaa G.
Yehia, Elshymaa A. Abdelnaby

Abstract: This study used autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to treat acute endometritis in jennies
with follow up for alterations in uterine hemodynamics, endoscopic, immunohistochemistry, oxidant/
antioxidant imbalance, pro-inflammatory regulatory molecules, and transmembrane mucin
expressions. Ten jennies suffering from endometritis (acute type; n ¼ 10) were included in the study.
PRP was prepared from each animal and two intrauterine infusions one week apart were
administrated. Examination and follow-up were done physically, ultrasonographically,
endoscopically and samples were taken for histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and
bacteriological examination. Blood and uterine fluid samples were taken to estimate biochemical and
oxidative stress alterations. Expression of TRAF6 and MUC1 genes was investigated in uterine fluid,
at days 1 (day of diagnosis establishment), 7, 14, and 21. Uterine bacteriological examination showed
a decrease in bacterial isolates after PRP treatment. The uterine thickness and uterine vascular
perfusion as illustrated by color Doppler ultrasonography were significantly decreased in jennies
treated by PRP. Uterine spectral wave pattern showed a significant linear increase in pulsatility index
only. Three weeks after first PRP treatment, white light endoscopic examination revealed normal
uterine body mucosa and uterine horn folds. A high nuclear factor (NF-kB) expression was seen in
the mononuclear cells. A significant reduction in oxidative stress biomarkers in both serum and
uterine fluid was recorded after PRP treatment. The TRAF-1 gene expression significantly decreased
gradually after intrauterine PRP infusion. The MUC-1 gene expression significantly decreased
gradually after intrauterine PRP infusion. Both genes were within normal levels by week 3.
Endometritis in jennies is associated with an oxidative process, alterations in serum biochemical
parameters, Doppler indices, endoscopic appearance, high NF-kB expression, and upregulation of
TRAF-1 and MUC-1 expressions. Two
intrauterine infusions of autologous PRP restored normal endometrial appearance after acute
endometritis.

Keywords: Jennies, Endometritis, Platelet-rich plasma, Doppler, Gene expression, NF-kB expression

Theriogenology (2022) 181: 147-160.

Hematological and Oxidant/Antioxidant Status in Recurrent Equine

Eczema of Egyptian Horses

Alaa JAheen, Noha Salem, Mohamed El-Sherif

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Abstract | Equine eczema is a hypersensitive, allergic skin condition that recurrently manifests in
horses, especially in the summer season due to insect bites. This study aims to evaluate the
hematological alterations, oxidant/antioxidant changes, and protein and lipid profiles in horses
suffering from equine eczema. Thirty (30) horses were included in this study (20 males, 10 females),
classified into the healthy control group (n = 10) and the equine eczema group (n = 20). All horses
were subjected to a complete physical examination. Blood samples were collected for hematological
profile and estimation of serum concentration of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde
(MDA), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum zinc, copper concentrations, total protein, albumin, globulin
values, triglycerides, and cholesterol concentrations. The most consistent hematological alteration
was elevated eosinophils in eczema-affected horses. The oxidant-antioxidant status showed a
significant increase in malondialdehyde with a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity,
serum zinc, and copper concentrations. No significant changes were detected in both protein and lipid
profiles. In conclusion, equine eczema is a stressful allergic skin disease that alters hematological and
oxidant/antioxidant status in the equine and disrupts the horse’s quality of life. Further studies
regarding the addition of antioxidant compounds to the therapeutic regimen are needed.
Keywords | Horse; Eczema; Hematology; total antioxidant capacity; Lipid profile; Trace minerals

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. (2022), 10(5): 1161-1166. (Accepted for publication)

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