PMT

Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
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Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9–1)

Time 1 hour 15 minutes
Paper
reference 4PH1/2P
Physics
 

UNIT: 4PH1
PAPER: 2P

You must have: Total Marks

Ruler, calculator

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball‑point pen.
• Fill in theis boxes
If pencil used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• centre number andat candidate
the top of this page with your name,
number.
• Answer all questions.
• – there may
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
be more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 70.
• – usemarks
The for each question are shown in brackets
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Write your answers neatly and in good English.
• Checkanswer
Try to every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.

Turn over

*P71898A0120*
P71898A
©2023 Pearson Education Ltd.

J:1/1/1/1/
 PMT

FORMULAE

You may find the following formulae useful.

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E = I×V×t

1 1
frequency = f=
time period T
work done W
power = P=
time taken t
energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t
2π × orbital radius 2×π×r
orbital speed = v=
time period T

(final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)

pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

pressure p1 p2
= constant =
temperature T1 T2

change in momentum ( mv − mu )
force = F=
time taken t

change of wavelength velocity of a galaxy λ − λ0 Δ λ v

= = =
wavelength speed of light λ0 λ0 c

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

ΔQ = m × c × ΔT

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

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*P71898A0220* 
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Answer ALL questions.

1 The photograph shows a person using a roll of plastic wrapping to cover a plate
of food.
The plastic wrapping sticks to the plate due to electrostatic charges.

(Source: © goffkein.pro/Shutterstock)

The passage explains why the plastic wrapping sticks to the plate.
Use words from the box to complete the passage.
Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

attract electrons negative neutral

neutrons positive protons repel

The person pulls a layer of plastic wrapping from the roll.

Forces between the layers of wrapping transfer particles called ........................................................... . . .

from one layer to another layer.

The layer gaining these particles acquires a .............................................................. charge.

The layer losing these particles acquires a .............................................................. charge.

The negatively charged layer of wrapping repels .............................................................. in the plate,

leaving a positive charge in the plate where it touches the plastic wrapping.

The wrapping and plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................................... due to them having opposite charges.

(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)

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 *P71898A0320* Turn over
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2 The photograph shows an ice cube placed on a metal tile.

The solid ice cube melts to become liquid water.

ice cube metal tile

water

(a) Compare the arrangement of particles in a solid with the arrangement of particles
in a liquid.
You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(3)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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*P71898A0420* 
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(b) Describe the difference in the movement of particles in a solid compared with the
movement of particles in a liquid.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) After the ice cube has melted, the liquid water increases in temperature.
The water has a mass of 16 g and a specific heat capacity of 4200 J/kg °C.
Calculate the energy transferred to the liquid water as it increases in temperature
from 3 °C to 21 °C.
(3)

energy transferred = ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J

(Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)

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 *P71898A0520* Turn over
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3 Kori Nuclear Power Plant in South Korea is one of the world’s largest nuclear fission
power stations.

(Source: © seo byeong gon/Shutterstock)

(a) The reactors at Kori use nuclear fission to generate electricity.

The products released during nuclear fission have high energy in their
kinetic store.
Give a product of nuclear fission.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Give two disadvantages of using nuclear fission to generate electricity.

(2)

1 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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2 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6
*P71898A0620* 
 PMT

(c) Kori has a maximum power output of 7.49 × 109 W.

(i) State what is meant by the term power.
(1)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Calculate the minimum time taken for Kori to transfer 6.47 × 1014 J of energy.
(3)

minimum time = ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s

(Total for Question 3 = 7 marks)

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 *P71898A0720* Turn over
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4 A squash ball is made of rubber and used to play a game called squash.

(Source: © mexrix/Shutterstock)

A student observes that the squash ball bounces higher after its
temperature increases.
The student designs an investigation to see how the temperature of the ball affects
the maximum height after it bounces.

(a) State the independent and dependent variables in the student’s investigation.
(2)
independent variable

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

dependent variable

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(b) The diagram shows the ball at its maximum height after it bounces.
Determine the distance the ball moves from the floor to its maximum height.
Assume the ball does not change shape when it bounces.
[1 cm on diagram = 4 cm in laboratory]
(2)

squash ball

floor

distance = .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm
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*P71898A0820* 
 PMT

(c) Design a method that the student could use to investigate how the temperature
of the ball affects the maximum height after it bounces.
Your answer should include details of
• apparatus needed
• measurements required
• control variables
You may draw a diagram to support your answer.
(6)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 4 = 10 marks)

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 *P71898A0920* Turn over
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5 Diagram 1 shows a wooden plank balanced horizontally on two supports, A and B.

A block is suspended from the plank between the supports by a cable of
negligible weight.

force F
25 cm 55 cm

plank
A B
cable

block

Diagram 1

(a) The weight of the block is 260 N.

(i) State the formula linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from
the pivot.
(1)

(ii) By taking moments about support A, calculate force F.

Assume the weight of the plank is negligible.
(3)

force F = .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

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*P71898A01020* 
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(iii) Explain what will happen to the magnitude of force F if the block is moved
towards support B.
(3)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11
 *P71898A01120* Turn over
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(b) Diagram 2 shows the block and the cable connecting the block to the plank.

cable

block

Diagram 2

(i) The centre of gravity of the block is located at point X.

Draw an arrow on diagram 2 to show the weight of the block.
(2)

12
*P71898A01220* 
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(ii) The block also experiences a force due to the tension in the cable.
Explain why the block remains stationary when it is supported by this
tension force.
(2)

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(iii) Explain why the forces acting on the block are not an example of Newton’s
third law of motion.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 5 = 13 marks)

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6 This question is about magnetic fields.

(a) A student positions a thick wire vertically through the centre of a horizontal card.
The student then passes a constant current through the wire in the downward
direction, as shown in diagram 1.

Diagram 1

(i) On diagram 1, draw the shape and direction of the magnetic field produced
by the current in the wire.
(3)

(ii) Describe a method the student could use to show the shape of the magnetic
field produced by the current in the wire.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(b) The student then removes the card and sets up a second wire next to the first
wire, as shown in diagram 2.

first second
wire wire

Diagram 2

The current in both wires is in the downward direction.

The student observes that the wires move towards each other.
Explain why the wires move towards each other.
(3)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 6 = 8 marks)

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7 A student uses this method to investigate the speed of sound in air.

• set up an oscilloscope to detect and display a sound wave
• use a computer and a speaker to produce a sound of known wavelength
• use the oscilloscope to determine the frequency of the sound wave
• use a formula to calculate the speed of sound

(a) Give the name of the equipment that should be connected to the oscilloscope to
detect the sound wave.
(1)

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(b) The diagram shows the oscilloscope screen and the oscilloscope settings.

Oscilloscope settings

y direction: 1 square = 5 mV

x direction: 1 square = 0.5 ms

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(i) Determine the frequency of the sound wave.

(4)

frequency = ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hz

(ii) The wavelength of the sound wave is 27 cm.

Calculate the speed of sound.
(3)

speed of sound = ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m/s

(iii) Describe how the oscilloscope could be adjusted to show fewer wave cycles
on the screen.
(2)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 7 = 10 marks)

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8 A binary star system has two nearby stars, which orbit each other in a circular path
around a common centre of gravity.

star

common centre of gravity

star

(a) In an eclipsing binary system, one star passes behind the other star in its orbit.
This causes a decrease in the light intensity of the binary star system when
viewed from Earth.
The graph shows how the light intensity of the binary star system changes
with time.

Light
intensity

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time in years

(i) Suggest why the decreases in light intensity are not all the same.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(ii) Use the graph to determine the time period of the binary star system.
(1)

time period = ......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years

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(iii) One of the stars in this binary system has an orbital speed of 19 km/s.
Calculate the orbital radius of this star.
(4)

orbital radius = ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . km

(b) A different binary star system is in a distant galaxy.

When observed from the Earth, light from this galaxy has a longer wavelength
than the wavelength of the light when it is emitted from the galaxy.
Explain why this gives evidence for the Big Bang theory.
(3)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 8 = 9 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 70 MARKS

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BLANK PAGE

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