Active Recall of

Modern Indian
History: Timeline
Approach
By Nimish Kapur
 Timeline

Establishment of Dutch East

Arrival of Vasco da Gama Portuguese captured Goa India Company

1498 1510 1602

1500 1600

First Factory of Portuguese at Establishment of English East

Calicut India Company (EIC)
 Timeline

First factory of Dutch at First Factory of British at Jahangir issue farman to

Masulipatnam Surat Thomas Roe

1605 1613 1617

1608 1615

captain Hawkins arrived in Thomas Roe came to India

India
 Timeline

Francis Day founded the City of

Madras Establishment of French EIC British EIC attacked Hughli

1662 1668

1639 1664 1686

Bombay was given to King First Factory of French at Surat

Charles II of England by
Portuguese
 Timeline
Farrukhsiyar issues farman
(Magna Carta of East India
Death of Aurangzeb Company) Bajirao became Peshwa

1713 1717

1707 1717 1720

Balaji Vishwanath became the Murshid Quli Khan became the

First Peshwa Governor of Bengal
 Timeline

Nizam-ul-Mulk became Nizam-ul-Mulk founded

Wazir of Mughal Empire State of Hyderabad Nadir Shah Invaded India

1722 1729 1739

1722 1724 1739

Establishment of Awadh by King Martand Verma Maratha Defeated

Saadat Khan became the ruler of Kerala Portuguese & captured
Bassein and Salsette
 Timeline

Ahmed Shah Abdali’s Invasion Treaty of Pondicherry

1748 1756

1748 1754

Treaty of Alx-la-chapelle Siraj-ud-Daulah became the Nawab of

Bengal in 1756
 Timeline
Treaty of Alinagar was signed The English Forces defeated the
between Siraj-ud-Daulah and the Dutch at Bedara in November 1759
English EIC in February 1757 in the Battle of Googhly

1757 1759

1757 1759

Battle of Plassey, British defeated British defeated Mir Jafar in Battle

Siraj-ud-Daulah of Chinsura
 Timeline
Chikka Krishnaraja
Mir Qasim became Wodeyar II of Mysore was
Nawab of Bengal overthrown by Haider Ali Sanyasi Rebellion

1760 1761 1763–1800

1761 1763 1764

Marathas defeated in the Treaty of Madras Battle of Buxar

3rd Battle of Panipat
 Timeline
Treaty of Surat was
signed between
Treaty of Allahabad First Anglo-Mysore Regulating Act of Raghunathrao and Second Anglo
was signed War 1773 the British Mysore War

1765 1767–1769 1773 1775 1780–1784

1765 1769 1773–1785 1775–1782

Robert Clive Treaty of Madras Warren Hastings is First Anglo-Maratha

introduced dual ended First Anglo- Governor General War
system of Govt. in Mysore War of Bengal/
Bengal abolished system of
dual govt.
 Timeline
Treaty of Salbai Lord Cornwallis
Amending Act of ended First Anglo- becomes Governor
1781 Maratha War Pitt’s India Act General of Bengal

1781 1782 1784 1786–1793

1782 1784 1786

Tipu Sultan became Treaty of Mangalore Amending act of

ruler of Mysore ended the Second 1786
Anglo-Mysore War
 Timeline
Sir John Shore becomes
Governor General of
Bengal/policy of non- Fourth Anglo-Mysore
Third Anglo Mysore War Charter Act of 1793 intervention War

1789–1792 1793 1793–1798 1798–1799

1792 1793 1798–1805

Treaty of Seringapatam Permanent Settlement Lord Wellesley becomes

ended the Third Anglo- system by John Shore Governor General of
Mysore War Bengal/policy of
subsidiary alliance
Timeline
Tipu Sultan was defeated
and Krishnaraja III signed Shah Alam accepted the Lord Minto I became
Subsidiary Alliance Treaty British Protection Governor General of India Charter Act of 1813

1799 1803 1807–1813 1813

1801 1803 1809

Establishment of Sikh 05: Second Anglo- Treaty of Amritsar with

State Maratha War Maharaja Ranjit Singh
Timeline
Lord Hastings
become the Ryotwari Settlement Lord Amherst
Governor General Atmiya Sabha by Third Anglo- by Alexander reed became Governor
of Bengal Raja Rammohun Roy Maratha War and Thomas Munro General of Bengal

1814–1816 1816 1817 1822

1813–1823 1815 1817–1819 1820 1823–1828

Anglo-Nepal War Treaty of Sagauli Paika Rebellion Mahalwari System

with Nepal (Odisha)/Bakshi by Holt Mackenzie
Bidyadhar
Timeline

Brahmo Samaj founded by Raja

First Anglo-Burmese War Treaty of Yandabo with Burma Rammohun Roy

1824–1826 1826 1828

1825–1833 1828–1835 1829

(Pagal Panthi Movement) Lord William Bentick was last Abolition of Sati
governor General of Bengal and
First Governor General of India
Timeline
William Bentick took control of The Indian press was freed of
Mysore on the grounds of Khasi Rebellion (Meghalaya-Tirot restrictions by Charles Metcalfe in
misgovernance Singh) 1835

1833 1835

1831 1833 1835

Charter Act of 1833 Lord Macaulay’s Minute on

Education
Timeline
Debendranath Tagore
Lord Auckland was Governor founded Tattvabodhini
General of India Fairazi Disturbance Sabha

1836–1842 1838–1857 1839

1838–1842 1839
First Afghan war Death of Maharaja Ranjit
Singh
Timeline
Manav Dharma Sabha
established in Gujrat in Surat by
Lord Ellenborough became Gov. Durgaram Mehtaji , Dadoba
General of India Abolition of Slavery Pandurang and others

1842–1844 1843 1844

1843 1844–1848 1845–1846

Conquest of Sindh Henry Hardinge becomes First Anglo-Sikh war

Governor General of India
Timeline
Naoroji Furdonji,
Paramahansa Mandali Dadabhai Naoroji and
was founded by Dadoba S.S. Bengalee started
Treaty of Lahore and Second Anglo-Sikh war Pandurang, Durgaram Rehnumai Mazadayasan
Bhairowal was signed and Annexation of Mehtaji, and his friends in Sabha (Religious Reform
between British and Sikhs Punjab Maharashtra Association)

1846 1848–1849 1849 1851

1848–1856 1848 1849 1852–1853

Lord Dalhousie became Student's Literary and Bethune School was Second Anglo-Burmese
Governor General of Scientific Society was founded in Calcutta War
India formed to develop an
interest in literary and
scientific knowledge
Timeline

Santhals Revolt (Jharkhand-Sidhu Hindu Widow’s Remarriage Act

Charter Act 1853 Manjhi and Kanhu) 1856

1854 1856

1853 1855 1856

Wood’s Educational Despatch Awadh was annexed on the

pretext of misgovernance
Timeline

Revolt of 1857 (India’s First John Lawrence is the Gov.

war of Independence) Indian Councils Act of 1861 General of India

1857–1858 1861 1864–1869

1858 1861

Queen’s Proclamation and Indian Civil Service Act of

GOI Act 1861
Timeline
The Deobandi movement began in 1867,
around the Darul Uloom Madrassa in
Deoband, Uttar Pradesh, and was founded
East India Association by Dadabhai Naoroji by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi, Rashid
Duar war with Bhutan in London Ahmad Gangohi

1864 1866 1867

1865 1867

Treaty of Sinchula with Bhutan The Prarthana Samaj was founded by Dr.
Atmaram Pandurang in 1867 in Mumbai.
M. G. Ranade, R. G. Bhandarkar, and N. G.
Chandavarkar were prominent members
of this Samaj
Timeline

Poona Sarvajanik Sabha by MG Ranade,

Female Infanticide Prevention Act GV Joshi and SH Chiplunkar

1870 1872

1870 1870

Indian Reform Association formed by Native Marriage Act passed- provided

Keshub Chandra Sen secular marriage without religious rites.
Timeline

Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya

Samaj in Bombay to reform Hinduism Second Afghan War

1875 1876

1875 1876-80

The Theosophical Society was founded in New Indian Association established by Surendranath
York (USA) in November 1875 by Madam H. P. Banerjee and Anand Mohan Bose
Blavatsky, a Russian lady, and H. S. Olcott, an
American colonel. Blavatsky and Olcott came to
India in 1879 and established the society's
headquarters at Adyar, near Madras
Timeline
Wasudeo Balwant Phadke, a clerk in the
commissariat department, had gathered
a band of Ramoshi peasants and started
Delhi Durbar of Queen Victoria an armed uprising in Maharashtra

1879 1881

1877 1879

Treaty of Gandamak with Afghanistan Lord Ripon restored the kingdom to

Mysore Ruler
Timeline

Madras Mahajan sabha by M.

Hunter Commission on Education Veeraghavachariar Indian National Congress formed

1884–1888 1885

1882 1884 1885

Lord Dufferin is the Viceroy Bombay Presidency Association

by Phirozshah Mehta, KT Telang
and Badruddin Tyabji
Timeline

Gandhiji reached Durban,

Third Anglo-Burmese War Natal Lord Curzon is Viceroy

1892 1897 1899–1900

1885 1893 May 1899

Indian Council Act of 1892 Brothers Damodar and Munda Revolt (Jharkhand-
Balkrishna Hari Chapekar Birsa Munda)
assassinated two British
officials, W C Rand and
Lieutenant Ayerst
 Timeline

The British bestowed Gandhi with the

Indian Universities Commission title of ‘kaiser-i-Hind’ for his work in the British Invasion of Tibet
(Raileigh Commission) Boer War.

1902 1903 1904

1902 1902 1904

The Anushilan Samiti was a secret Weekly Journal Indian Opinion started In 1904, Mahatma Gandhi founded
revolutionary organisation established by Gandhiji Phoenix Settlement in Durban for
in Calcutta by Praanath Mitra and Satish community living
Chandra Basu in 1902. It was
associated with freedom fighters such
as Aurobindo Ghosh, Bipin Chandra
Pal, Brahmabandhab Upadhyaya and
Jatindranath Bannerjee.
 Timeline

The Abhinav Bharat (Young India Shyamji Krishna Varma founded

Society) was founded as a secret the Indian Home Rule Society,
organisation by Vinayak Damodar India House, and The Indian Start of Swadeshi Movement
Savarkar and his brother Ganesh Sociologist in London

1905 1905 1905

1904 1905 1905

Madam Bhikaiji Cama, S. R. Rana, At the Benaras session of 1905,

Partition of Bengal and Munchershah Burjorji Godrej Gokhale, the President of the
established the Paris Indian Congress, condemned the
Society partition and the reactionary
regime of Curzon. The session
also supported the Swadeshi and
Boycott movement of Bengal.
 Timeline
Pulin Behari Das started Anushilan
Samiti in Dhaka. Yugantar Patrika In the 1906 Calcutta session, Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki
was launched in March 1906 by Dadabhai Naoroji passed four threw a bomb at a carriage, which
Barindra Kumar Ghose, Abinash resolutions, such as Swadeshi, they believed was occupied by
Bhattacharya, and Bhupendranath Boycott of foreign goods, National Kingsford, the unpopular Judge at
Dutt. Education and Swaraj Muzaffarpur.

1906 1907 1908

1906 1906 1908

Muslim league was founded under Shri Behramji Malabari and his
Surat Split
the leadership of Aga Khan friend Diwan Dayaram Gidumal
established the Seva Sadan Society
in 1908 in Mumbai to offer shelter to
impoverished and oppressed
women from all communities
Timeline
Anant Laxman Kanhere, a 17- In 1912, an unsuccessful
year-old boy from Maharashtra, attempt was made under the
shot and killed A.M.T. Jackson, leadership of Rash Behari Bose
the District Magistrate of and Sachin Sanyal to kill the
Indian Council Act of 1909 Delhi Durbar of King George V
Nashik Viceroy Lord Hardinge.

1909 1909 1911

1909 1909 1911 1912

Madan Lal Dhingra G.D. Kumar opened a hostel in Revocation of Partition of

Assassinated Sir Curzon Wyllie Vancouver called the Swadesh Bengal
in London Sewak Home on the lines of
India House in London
Timeline
Indian revolutionaries
living in the United States
of America and Canada
formed the Ghadar
(Rebellion) Party. Komagatu Maru incident Lucknow Pact Montagu Declaration

1914–1918 1915 1916–1918

1913 1914 1916 1917

First World War Madan Mohan Malaviya Indian Home Rule

founded All India Hindu Movement
Mahasabha in 1915 as an
umbrella organisation of
regional Hindu Sabhas
Timeline

Champaran Satyagraha Ahmedabad Mill Strike GOI Act 1919

1917 1918 1919

1917 1918 1919

Sadler Commission Kheda Satyagraha Rowlatt Act introduced and

(Calcutta University Jallianwala Bagh massacre
Commission)
Timeline
M.N. Roy (Manabendra Nath Roy) formed
the Communist Party of India outside India
in Tashkent in 1920 under the auspices of
Communist International, but it didn’t last
long. Khilafat and Non-cooperation Movement

1920 1922

1920 1920–1922

Passing way of Lokmanya Tilak Chauri-Chaura incident and end of Non-

cooperation Movement
Timeline

Rampa Rebellion (Andhra Pradesh-Alluri Sitarama

Raju) Belgaum Session-Gandhi presided for only time

1922–1924 1924

1923 1924

Swaraj Party was formed In October 1924, , revolutionaries of northern India

reorganised under the leadership of Sachindranath
Sanyal, Jogesh Chatterjee and Ramprasad Bismil at
Kanpur and founded the Hindustan Republican
Association (or Army) (HRA) to organise an armed
revolution
Timeline
Butler Committee was appointed to
investigate and clarify the relationship
Bhagat Singh and his revolutionary between the paramount power of the
companions founded Naujawan Bharat British Raj in India and the rulers of
Kakori Train Robbery Sabha in March 1926 in Lahore Princely States.

1925 1926 1927

1925 1927

CPI was formed in Kanpur Simon Commission was appointed

Timeline
All the major young revolutionaries of northern India, including
Bhagat Singh, Jatindra Nath Sanyal, Ajay Ghosh and
Phanindranath Ghosh, met at Ferozeshah Kotla ground in Delhi on
On 17 December 1927, Bhagat Singh, Azad and Rajguru September 9 and 10, 1928, under the leadership of
mistakenly targeted and killed Assistant Superintendent of Police
Chandrashekhar Azad. They accepted Socialism as their official
John Saunders, while their actual aim was Superintendent of
goal and changed the party's name to the Hindustan Socialist
Police James Scott.
Republican Association (Army) (HSRA).

1927 1928

1927

In 1927, at the age of 13, Gaidinliu, along with her cousin Haipou
Jadonang, joined the Heraka movement. This movement aimed to
revive the Naga tribal religion and establish self-rule of the Nagas
(Naga Raj), ending British rule
Timeline
Bhagat Singh and B.K. Dutt threw a
bomb in the Central Legislative
Assembly on 8 April 1929 to protest
against the passage of the Public
Poorna Swaraj adopted in Lahore Safety Bill and the Trade Disputes
Nehru Report
Session of Congress Bill

1929 1929 1930–1932

1928 1929 1929

Jinnah’s 14 points Child Marriage Restraint Act was During this period, the Yugantar and
enacted, setting the minimum age Anushilan groups underwent
of marriage for girls and boys at 16 reorganisation, and a new group
and 18, respectively. Also known as called the Chittagong Revolt Group,
Sarda Act. led by Surya Sen, emerged.
Timeline

Gandhi’s 11 demands and Dandi March Gandhi Irwin Pact

1930–1933 1931

1930 1931

The Karachi session passed the resolution on

Civil Disobedience Movement
Fundamental Rights and the National Economic
Pro- gramme, also known as the Karachi
Resolution. The resolution was drafted by
Jawaharlal Nehru and revised by Gandhi.
Timeline

Harijan Sevak Sangh (All-India Anti-

Untouchability League) was
established on 30 September 1932 by
2nd RTC attended by Congress Mahatama Gandhi GOI act 1935

1932 1932 1935

1932 1934

Communal Award and Poona Pact Acharya Narendra Dev, Jayaprakash

Narayan, Ram Manohar Lohia, and
others formed the Congress Socialist
Party (CSP) within the Congress
Timeline
Lucknow Session Congress: All India Kisan Sabha
(AIKS) was established. Swami Sahajananda Provincial election where Congress performed really
Saraswati was elected as its first President. well

1936

1936 1937

Faizpur Session-It was the first Congress Session in a

rural area
Timeline
The 51st session of the Congress
was held at Haripura village in Surat
district in February 1938. It was
presided over by Subhas Chandra Pakistan Resolution by Muslim
Second World War
Bose. League

1939 1940 1941

1938 1939–1945 1940

In May 1939, Subhas Bose formed Individual Satyagraha by Vinoba

August Offer
the Forward Bloc as a new party Bhave and Jawaharlal Nehru
within the Congress, after resigning
as President of Congress after
Tripuri session in 1939.
Timeline

In Singapore, Mohan Singh formed the Indian

National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) in February
Cripp’s Mission 1942

1942 1942

1942 1943

Quit India Movement (August Kranti) On 2 July 1943, Subhas Chandra Bose was
brought to Singapore by means of German and
Japanese submarines and took charge of INA
Timeline

Clement Attlee became UK PM

Rajaji Formula (CR Formula) Wavell Plan after Labour Party won

1945 1945–1946

1944 1945 1945

Desai Liaquat Pact INA Trials in Red Fort

Timeline: Year 1946
1946 Elections: Muslim League won in Muslim dominated areas

1946: Cabinet Mission Plan

1946: Election to Constituent assembly

1946: After the failure of the Cabinet Mission, Jinnah called for a "Direct Action Day"
to press the League's demand for Pakistan
1946: Interim Govt formed
Timeline: Year 1947
1947: On February 20, 1947, the British Prime Minister, Clement Atlee, announced that: The
British would withdraw from India by 30th June 1948 and Lord Mountbatten would replace
Wavell as Viceroy.

1947: Mountbatten Plan- On 3rd June 1947, the Viceroy, Lord Mountbatten, proposed the
Mountbatten Plan. Mountbatten plan was to divide India but retain maximum unity. This
was done by making concessions to both the Congress and the League

1947: Boundary Commission

1947: The Indian Independence Act of 1947 was passed by the Parliament of the United
Kingdom based on the Mountbatten Plan and received Royal Assent on 18th July 1947