GrieI may be associated with the death oI a loved one and this type oI loss does oIten cause the most intense grieI. In nursing and midwiIery practice grieI is anticipated when a patient is made aware oI his health status usually a chronic or terminal disease state.
GrieI may be associated with the death oI a loved one and this type oI loss does oIten cause the most intense grieI. In nursing and midwiIery practice grieI is anticipated when a patient is made aware oI his health status usually a chronic or terminal disease state.
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GrieI may be associated with the death oI a loved one and this type oI loss does oIten cause the most intense grieI. In nursing and midwiIery practice grieI is anticipated when a patient is made aware oI his health status usually a chronic or terminal disease state.
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Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
The phenomenon GrieI is the emotional suIIering one experiences when something or someone loved is taken away; it is a natural response to the loss in our everyday liIe be it in the general society or in the practice oI health service delivery. GrieI may be associated with the death oI a loved one and this type oI loss does oIten cause the most intense grieI. GrieI is experienced by any race, sex and age. Other losses can cause grieI and these includes; a loved one`s serious illness, a relationship breakup, loss oI health, losing a job, a miscarriage, loss oI a cherished dream, loss oI a Iriendship to mention a Iew. In nursing and midwiIery practice grieI is anticipated when a patient is made aware oI his health status usually a chronic or terminal disease state, when a body part is about to be or is actually lost, the potential loss oI a wanted pregnancy; a Ietus or a neonate oIten leads to a state oI grieI. GrieI is actually experienced when the one goes through the process or to put it better, when one actually experiences any oI the above stated occurrences. How can practitioners support clients grieving when they do not know what it really means? To be able to support a client and or a relative experiencing grieI, it is important that health care providers understand the concept GrieI`, what the meaning is, what grieI entails and by ClariIying what it is will enable them to plan, implement and eventually analyse the support and care services available and rendered to the public in their quest oI rendering holistic evidence based nursing care. ClariIication will precede looking in literature at the many ways that the term has been used. From these deIinitions, the critical attributes oI the concept will be determined, Iollowed by example cases using those attributes. The antecedents and consequences C8lLl 2 ConcepL analysls of grlef will be determined Iollowed by on operational deIinition oI the GrieI that includes all the critical attributes then the empirical reIerents will be identiIied and described. Uses of the concept Health care providers must be ever mindIul oI that well-known Biblical saying, 'to everything there is a season, a time to be born and a time to die. GrieI is normal emotions that are very personal and are accompanied by pain and hopelessness in patients across cultures. Because the ways in which people express their Ieelings oI grieI, sadness and loss are highly individual, care oI the grieving patient and Iamily in any health care setting must be considered and implemented in a way that is sensitive to the unique needs oI each patient.
The dictionary deIinition oI grieI is 'pain oI the mind produced by loss or misIortune. Whether experienced as a result oI the death oI a loved one, a divorce, the end oI a relationship or some other traumatic liIe change, grieI is an occurrence that transcends such categories as race, age and gender. It is a multiIaceted, individualized and personalized trial.1 The American Heritage Dictionary (2009), deIines grieI as 'deep mental anguish arising Irom bereavement, annoyance or Irustration or trouble or diIIiculty in doing something it also presents the use oI grieI inIormally as The Collins dictionary (2003) says grieI is a deep or intense sorrow or distress, especially at the death oI someone or; something that causes keen distress or suIIering. It could be inIormally seen as trouble or annoyance or to end unsuccessIully or disastrously.
C8lLl 3 ConcepL analysls of grlef iterature According to Stroebe and Hansson (1993), grieI when seen through the lens oI the medical model demonstrates that during the time Iollowing a signiIicant loss, one's immunity is reduced and susceptibility to disease and even death is increased thus the trauma an inIormation that is disclosed without adequate pre counseling can bring to the client. This could be related to some physiological occurrences explained by the Mosby dictionary. Mosby's Medical Dictionary, (2009) explains that grieI originates Irom the atin word 'gravis which means 'heavy; grieI is a nearly universal pattern oI physical and emotional responses to bereavement, separation, or loss. It is time linked and must be diIIerentiated Irom depression. It describes it as having physical components that are similar to those oI Iear, rage, and pain: Stimulation oI the sympathetic portion oI the autonomic nervous system can cause increased heart and respiratory rates, dilated pupils, sweating, bristling oI the hair, increased blood Ilow to the muscles, and increased energy reserves and also slows down digestion. The emotional components proceed in stages Irom alarm to disbelieI and denial, to anger and guilt, to a search Ior a source oI comIort, and, Iinally, to adjustment to the loss. The way in which a grieving person behaves is greatly aIIected by the culture in which he or she has been raised.
According to Vorvick, Merrill and Zieve,(2010) in their review said Family and Iriends can oIIer emotional support during the grieving process. Most times outside Iactors can aIIect the normal grieving process thereIore the need to contact people Ior help. Among the people who might be contacted are; the Clergy, Mental health specialists, SelI-help groups and Social workers. The acute phase oI grieI usually lasts up to 2 months. Some milder symptoms may last Ior a year C8lLl 4 ConcepL analysls of grlef or longer. Psychological counseling may help a person who is unable to Iace the loss (absent grieI reaction), or who has depression with grieving. GrieI and loss can aIIect your overall health. It can lead to depression or excessive alcohol or drug use. GrieI that lasts Ior more than two months and is severe enough to interIere with daily liIe may be a sign oI more serious illness, such as major depression. However in some cases it may take about a year or longer to overcome strong Ieelings oI grieI, and to accept the loss. Support Groups; where available the use oI support groups have been reported to be oI great help usually they share common experiences and problems to help each other out.
8eferences owell Au Crlef bereavemenL and ad[usLmenL dlsorders ln SLern 1A 8osenbaum !l lava M 8lederman ! 8auch SL eds MassachuseLLs Ceneral PosplLal Comprehenslve Cllnlcal sychlaLry 1sL ed hlladelphla a Mosby Llsevler 2008chap 38 kuLner !S kllbourn kM 8ereavemenL Addresslng challenges faced by advanced cancer paLlenLs Lhelr careglvers and Lhelr physlclans rlm Care 200936823844 ubMed 8evlew uaLe 2/18/2010
8evlewed by Llnda vorvlck Mu Medlcal ulrecLor MLuLx norLhwesL ulvlslon of hyslclan AsslsLanL SLudles unlverslLy of WashlngLon School of Medlclne and Mlchelle 8enger Merrlll Mu lnsLrucLor ln Cllnlcal sychlaLry ueparLmenL of sychlaLry Columbla unlverslLy Medlcal CenLer new ?ork n? Also revlewed by uavld Zleve Mu MPA Medlcal ulrecLor AuAM lnc
Worden (1991) believes that grieI is more than just emotion; it consists oI Iour dimensions. He has provided the Iollowing list oI the most common maniIestations oI each: C8lLl 3 ConcepL analysls of grlef O feelings -- sadness, anger, guilt and reproach, anxiety, loneliness, Iatigue, helplessness, shock, yearning, numbness and emancipation (which may lead to Iurther guilt). O physical sensations -- hollowness in the stomach, tightness in the chest and throat, oversensitivity to noise, a sense oI depersonalization, shortness oI breath, muscle weakness, lack oI energy and dry mouth. O cognitions -- disbelieI, conIusion, preoccupation, sense oI presence and hallucinations.
Critical attribute
Model case
Borderline case
Related case
Contrary case
Antecedents
C8lLl 6 ConcepL analysls of grlef Consequences Operational deIinition
Empirical reIerents
Conclusion Crlef should noL be prevenLed because lL ls a healLhy response Lo loss lnsLead lL should be respecLed 1hose who are grlevlng should have supporL Lo help Lhem Lhrough Lhe process
1. Irom Anglo-French gref, Irom grever to GRIEVE 1
2. 34:3 sadness, suIIering, pain, regret, distress, misery, agony, mourning, sorrow, woe, anguish, remorse, bereavement, heartache, heartbreak, mournIulness Their grieI soon gave way to anger. 8,/3088 delight, comIort, joy, cheer, happiness, consolation, rejoicing, solace, gladness 3. come to grief 3f4rmal) Iail, Iounder, break down, come unstuck, miscarry, Iall Ilat on your Iace, meet with disaster So many marriages have come to grieI over lack oI money.
grieI grI| keen mental suIIering or distress over aIIliction or loss. mental suIIering or distress in response to a threatened or real loss, as loss oI a body part or Iunction, death oI another person, or loss oI one's possessions, job, status, or ideals; see also MOURNING. Various theorists have proposed stages oI grieving; see descriptions under DYING. Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary oI Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. 2003 by Saunders, an imprint oI Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
grieI Etymology: , gravis, heavy
C8lLl 7 ConcepL analysls of grlef Philosophical; -ehaviors -- sleep and appetite disturbances, absent-minded behavior, social withdrawal, dreams oI the deceased, avoiding reminders oI the deceased, searching and calling out, sighing, restless overactivity, crying, visiting places or objects that remind the survivor oI the deceased, and treasuring objects that belonged to the deceased. Other behaviors, not listed by Worden, may include abuse oI alcohol and drugs. An even broader picture oI grieI might also include the Iollowing dimensions: O spiritual or philosophical -- search Ior meaning, eIIorts to make sense oI this loss and accept it within the context oI their religious and or spiritual belieIs. This may involve the reconstruction oI their religious and or philosophical belieIs; the bereaved may alter their view oI the loss; or they may retain their earlier spiritual belieIs while developing an additional, sometimes contradictory, view oI liIe as it relates to their loss. Sometimes it involves "compartmentalizing" their belieIs. O interpersonal -- changes, oIten disruptive ones, may result in relationships because oI thoughts, Ieelings and behaviors oI the bereaved. Some persons may experience sexual problems, because oI what the sexual act symbolizes to them. This aspect oI grieI is oI particular relevance to the Iamily context.
REFERENCES 1 Lgan kA and Arnold 8L (2003) Crlef and 8ereavemenL Care" Amerlcan !ournal of nurslng vol103 no 9 pp 4232 C8lLl 8 ConcepL analysls of grlef 2. Colllns Lngllsh ulcLlonary CompleLe and unabrldged ParperColllns ubllshers 1991 1994 1998 2000 2003 3. 1he Amerlcan PerlLage ulcLlonary of Lhe Lngllsh Language lourLh LdlLlon copyrlghL 2000 by PoughLon Mlfflln Company updaLed ln 2009 ubllshed by PoughLon Mlfflln Company All rlghLs reserved 4. Dictionary oI Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. 2003 by Saunders, an imprint oI Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 5. age creaLed 1/96 LasL updaLed 8/28/09 u8L hLLp//wwwlndlanaedu/famlygrf/unlLs/whaLlshLml CopyrlghL 19962009 kaLhleen 8 CllberL hu
Attig, T. (2001). Relearning the world: Making and Iinding meaning. In R. A. Neimeyer,/Meaning reconstruction & the experience oI loss/ (pp.33-54), Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Handbook oI bereavement: theory, research, and intervention By Margaret S. Stroebe, WolIgang Stroebe Gilbert, K. R. & Smart, . S. (1992). GrieI on the individual level: The grieving process. In K. R. Gilbert, & . S. Smart, /Coping with inIant or Ietal loss: The couple's healing process/ (pp. 27-49), New York: Brunner/Mazel Pub. Co. Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009, Elsevi
AuLhors Mellnda SmlLh MA and !eanne Segal hu Coplng wlLh Crlef and Loss undersLandlng Lhe Crlevlng rocess LasL updaLed CcLober 2011
C8lLl 9 ConcepL analysls of grlef 2 a : deep and poignant distress caused by or as iI by bereavement b : a cause oI such suIIering 3 a : an unIortunate outcome : disaster used chieIly in the phrase come to grieI b : mishap, misadventure c : trouble, annoyance enough grieI Ior one day~ d : annoying or playIul criticism getting grieI Irom his Iriends~ See grieI deIined Ior English-language learners See grieI deIined Ior kids Examples oI GRIEF He has been unable to recover Irom his grieI at his son's death. She was overcome with grieI. the joys and grieIs oI our lives I've had enough grieI Ior one day. Trying to Iix the computer isn't worth the grieI. He's taken a lot oI grieI Irom his Iriends. His Iriends have been giving him a lot oI grieI. Origin oI GRIEF Middle English greI, Irom Anglo-French greI, grieI injustice, calamity, Irom greI, adjective heavy, grievous, Irom Vulgar atin *grevis, alteration oI atin gravis First Known Use: 15th century Related to GRIEF C8lLl 10 ConcepL analysls of grlef Synonyms: aIIliction, anguish, doleIulness, dolor, sorrow, heartache, heartbreak, sorriness, woe Antonyms: blessedness, bliss, blissIulness, cheer, cheerIulness, cheeriness, delight, ecstasy, elatedness, elation, euphoria, exhilaration, exuberance, exultation, Ielicity, gladness, gladsomeness, glee, gleeIulness, happiness, joy, joyIulness, joyousness, jubilation, pleasure, rapture, rapturousness |more See Synonym Discussion at sorrow Rhymes with GRIEF beeI, brieI, chieI, IieI, keI, leaI, lieI, reeI, sheaI, thieI earn More About GRIEF Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms Ior "grieI" Spanish-English Dictionary: Translation oI "grieI" Medical Dictionary: DeIinition oI "grieI" Browse Next Word in the Dictionary: grieIIul Previous Word in the Dictionary: grieced All Words Near: grieI Seen & Heard
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