JSPIDERS

JSPIDERS
Rajajinagar
Developed By ALIV HASAN (aliv.hasan@hotmail.com)

Model 1: Core Java Programming.

Model 2: J2EE.
Model 3: Frame Work.
Model 4: Android.

Model 1: Core Java Programming. • Encapsulation.

• Java bin Class Singleton Class
Section 1: Basic of Programming. Section 3: Java Libraries.
• Java Components. • Exception handling.
• java compiler • Arrays.
• JVM • Strings.
• JRC • Collection API's
• Simple Program-Compilation Execution • Threads.
• Variables. • File Handling.
• Methods Functions.
• Control Statements-Pattern
Model 2: J2EE
Programming.
• Arrays
• Strings Section 1: Web Technology
Section 2: Object Oriented • HTML
Programming. • CSS
• Class & Objectives. • JSP
• Blocks. Section 2: SQL
• Constructor. • RDBMS
• Compilation. Section 3:
• Inheritance. • JDBC
• Method Overloading . • Servlets
• Method Overriding. • JSP
• Type casting.
• Polymorphism. Model 3: Framework.
• Abstract Class.
• Interface. • MVC Architecture.
• Abstraction. • Springs.
 • Hibernates
SQL (Structural Query Language):
SQL is a high level language used to interact with database.
Users write SQL statements which is accepted by rom which in term responds with an output or performs an
action within the database.

INTRODUCTION TO DATA AND DATABASE:

Data: Any useful information in and around us.

Ex, Name, age, weight, etc.

What is Database?
Ans. A systematic collection of data .Data in the database is organized and it makes easy to manage the data.

What is the Need of Database?

Ans.
• Size.
• Easy of Updating.
• Security.
• Accuracy.
• Redundancy
• Importance

Different type of Database Models:

Database are classified into different types according to the organization approach
1. Flat file data model
2. Network Data Model
3. Hierarchical data Model
4. Relation data model.

1. Flat File Data Model:

• Data are stored in numerous files.
• Files are not linked so data might be repeated in more than one file.
Disadvantage
Big Problem in the redundancy

2. Hierarchical Data Model:

• Data is linked in the form of tree

 • This is 1: n relation where in single parent can have multiple children's.

Advantage
Redundancy is eliminated.
Disadvantage
• Searching a data is extremely difficult.
• Searching a particular data needs more time.

3) Network Data Model:

Allows more links between the child data .

There m: n relationship where in a single child can have multiple parents.
Advantage
Reduces Redundancy
Searching is easier.
Disadvantage
• Difficult to handle the Network.

4. Relation Database Model:

A relation Database is a collection of relation or tow dimensional tables
• Dr. E F Codd proposed the relation model for database system in 1970.
• It is the basis for the relation database management system(RDBMS)
• Consists of following
1. Collection of an objects and relation.
2. Set of operators to act on the relations.
3. Data Integrity for accuracy and consistency.

RDBMS:
It maintains data in table which are created and maintained across and among the data and table.
Ex, Oracle, Sybase, DB2, Teradata, SQL Server, MySQL etc.
SQL MySQL SQL Server

1. It is the database programming 1. It is a RDMS software. 1) It is a RDMS software.

Language.

2. It was developed by IBM. 2) It was developed by Oracle. 2. It was developed by Microsoft.

• Data is stored in form of table.

• A relation database can also contain other database object like views, indexes, stored, procedures, functions, and
triggers apart from the table.
Database Management System:
• A database Management system is a set of programs in an OS that creates and maintains database.
• Allows user to store and retrieves information from the database.
• Provides an interface for the user to interact with database.
Oracle Log:
G stands for grid, Oracle log support grid computing.

Grid Computing:
It uses the researches of a many separate computers connected to a network (usually internet ) to solve large scale
computation problems.

Constraints:
Constraints are restriction or conditions that are used on the columns of the table to preserve the data
correctness.
A constraint is a condition which restricts the invalid data in the table.
A constraint can be provided for the column of a table.

Type of Constraint:
1. NOT NULL.
2. UNIQUE.
3. PRIMARY KEY.
4. FOREIGN KEY.
5. CHECK.

1) NOT NULL:
• Ensures that at least some values should be present for attribute or columns.
• In a table we can have more than one not null.
• Null is nothing, it is neither zero nor blank.
• Null will not occupy any space in memory.
• Two null are never some in oracle.
• Null is used to represent the empty values.

2. UNIQUE:
• It is used to have only unique values inside a column.
• Unique constraint doesn't allow you to enter duplicate values into some column

3. PRIMARY KEY:
• It is used to identify each record uniquely.
• It is combination of Not Null and Unique.
• Only one Primary key is allowed in table.

4. FOREIGN KEY:
• It is a referential integrity constraint which creates relationship between tables.
• It is created in child table.
• FK column can have both duplicate and null values
• Masters table should have a primary key defined a column in the master table to create FK.
 • We can have more than 1 FK in table

5. CHECK:
• Is used for enforcing some additional condition with respect to business requirements.
• Is used to provide additional validation as per the customers' requirements. Ex, sal>0 , impress should start with
1.

SQL STATEMENTS:
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
1) SELECT
2) INSERT
3) UPDATE
4) DELETE
5) MERGE (NOT COVERED)

Data Definition Language (DDL)

1) CREATE
2) ALTER
3) DROP
4) RENAME
5) TRUNCATE

Transaction Control Language (TCL)

1) COMMIT
2) ROLLBACK
3) SAVEPOINT

Data Control Language

1) GRANT
2) REVOKE
 Data Manipulation Language (DML)
1) SELECT: Identifier the column to displayed.
FROM: Identifier the table containing those column.

Basic SELECT statement:

Syntax.
Select <distinct> column Name
From table name;

Q: Display emp table?

Ans. Select*
From emp;

Q: Display emp name ,job,sal,deptno?

Ans. Select ename, job, sal, deptno
from emp;

• Rules for writing SQL Statements:

1. Not case sensitive.
2. Can be one or more lines.
3. Keywords can't be abbreviated or split across lines.
4. Clauses are usually placed on separate.
5. In SQL plus you are required to end each SQL statement with semicolon.

Literal Character String:

• A literal is character, a no, or a date that is included in the select statement.
• Date and char literal values must be enclosed by single quotation mark.
• Each character string is output once for each row returned.

Interview Question
Q. How to see all the tables present inside the schema?
Ans. select * from tab;

Q. How do you get to know the column of the table without executing select statement?
Ans. By using desc <table Name>;

2) INSERT:
Is used to add new rows of data to a table.

Syntax,
Insert into table_name values (values1, Val 2,val3…Val n);
 3) UPDATE:
Is used to modify the existing rows in a table.

Syntax,

Update table_name

Set column_name1=value,

Column_name2=value, …..

Where condition

Ex,

Update emp

Set sal =sal + (sal*0.2);

4) DELETE:
Is used to delete rows from a table.
Syntax,
Delete
from table_name
where condition

Ex,
Delete
from emp
where empno=7769:

To delete all the row from the emp table

Delete from emp;

Note:
TRUNCATE st is also delete all the rows from a table and but free space containing the table

Syntax

Truncate table table_name;

Ex,

Truncate table emp;

But the Difference delete and truncate is delete st is delete the rows from the table and does not free the space
containing the table.

Drop st used to remove an object from the database

If u drop a table , all the rows, table, and structure Is removed from the database.
Syntax, drop table table_name;

Data Definition Language (DDL)

1) CREATE: Is used to create a table to store data.
Syntax,

Create table table_name

(column_name1 datatype constraint type,

Column_name2 datatype constraint type,

Column_namen datatype constraint type,);

Ex,

Create table temp_1

(id number(5) primary key, name varchar(20) not null, dept varchar(10) not null, exp_date date not null,sal
number(10) not null);

2) ALTER: Is used to make the alter issues for structure of the table. Alter issues can be adding new column drop
the column and rename in column.
Add, drop, modify table column.

Syntax to add a column

Alter table table_name
Add column_name datatype constraint;

Ex,
alter table temp_1
add deptno number (5) not null;

Syntax to drop a column

Alter table table_name
drop column_name ;

Ex,
alter table temp_1
drop deptno;

Syntax to modify a column

alter table table_name
modify column_name datatype;
Ex,
Alter table temp_1
Modify sal number(15,2);
 3) RENAME: Is used to change the rename of the table or database.
Syntax,
Rename old_table_name to new_table_name;

Ex,

Rename temp_1 to temp;

4) TRUNCATE: is also delete all the rows from a table and free space containing the table
Syntax

Truncate table table_name;

Ex,

Truncate table emp;

Transaction Control Language (TCL)

Rollback: Is like undo row and column (DML).
Is used to undo the changes done by DML statements

DDL statements can't be rollback cos it is automated automatically save to database.

Q: How do you recover the drop table in oracle ?

Ans. By using flashback statements

>flashback table emp to before drop;

Commit: Is used to save the DML changes permanently from the database.
Rollback statements written after commit st will not have effect any on the database.

Commit st written after the rollback will not have any effect on the database.

Save Point: is used to rollback the changes to the user define level.
Data Control Language
1) GRANT: Is provide to permission on a table belongs to one user.

Syntax, grant <permission> on <table_name> to <schema>

Ex, grant

Ex, grant all on emp to hr;

 2) REVOKE: Is used to take back the permission provided on the table by a user from another user.
Syntax, >revoke update on emp from HR;
>revoke all on emp from HR;

SQL Function:

• Function are a very important feature of SQL and can be used to do following :-
• Perform calculation on data.
• Modify individual data items.
• Manipulate output for group of rows.
• Format dates and Number for display.
• Convert data types.
Dual Table:
Dual table is a dummy table which is used to perform independent calculation.
Dual table contains one single row and one single column.

Tow type of SQL Function:

Single Row Function:

• Manipulate data function.
• Accept arguments and return one values.
• Act on each row that is returned.
• Return one result per row.
• May modify the data types.
• Can be nested.
• Accept arguments that can a column or on expression.
Character Function:
1. Case Manipulation Function
2. Character Manipulation Function

1. Case Manipulation Function:

a. Lower:- This function is used to convert the given string to lower case.
b. Upper:- Upper function is used to convert the given string to upper case.
c. Initcap:- Initcap function is used to convert every first letter of a string to Upper case leaving rest of them in lower
case.

For Lower:
Q. List all the employ names in lower case?
Ans. Select lower(ename) from emp;

Q. Convert ORACLE to lower case?

Ans. Select lower('ORACLE') from dual;

For Upper:
Q. Convert all the employ name to Upper case?
Ans. Select upper(ename) from emp;

Q. Convert oracle to upper case?

Ans. Select upper('oracle') from dual;

For Initcap:
A. List all the employ names in Camel case convertion ?
Ans. Select initcap(ename) from emp;

2. Character Manipulation Function:

a. Concat function.
b. Concatenation Operator.
c. LENGTH.
d. REPLACE.
e. Trim.
f. Substr.
g. INSTR.

a. Concat function: is used to concatenate (join) two string only

Exam, ('sharuk', 'Khan')
• SharukKhan.

b. Concatenation Operator:
Is used to concatenate more than two strings.
Exam, >select 'Hi '|| ename ||' Your salary is '||sal
From emp;
 c. LENGTH: Is used total lenght of the string.
Q. whose name contains exactly 6 characters?
An. select* from emp where length(ename)=6;

R. Atleast 5 char?
Ans. select* from emp where length(ename)>=5

d. REPLACE: Is used to replace the char in a given string.

Ex. select replace ('oracle', 'o','p') from dual;
e. Trim: Is used to delete first char of a given string if it exist.
> select trim('o' from 'oracle') from dual;

f. Substr: Return n no of character from string_value starting from the m position.

Q.1,5 7,5 -1,5 -5,5
Ans. >select substr('Hello World',1,5) from dual;
>select substr('Hello World',7,5) from dual;
>select substr('Hello World',-1,5) from dual;
>select substr('Hello World',-5,5) from dual;

g)INSTR: It returns position of a given char in a given position.

Syntax, instr (<string>, char to search, string passes, no of reference)
its only give you the integer no .

Q.(1,2) (3,2)
Ans. select instr('Hello World','l',1,2) from dual;
>select instr('Hello World','l',3,2) from dual;

More Exam,
select instr('Hello World','l',-1,2) from dual;
>select instr('Hello World','l',-1,-2) from dual;

ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01428: argument '-2' is out of range

General Function:
NVL Function: Is used to replace the null values within the column.

Q. To display employ name his job and his total salary?

Ans, select ename, job, sal+NVL(comm,0) as "Total Sal" from emp:

CONVERTION FUNCTION:
1. TO_CHAR FUNC:

to_char(Date,'format_model')

The format model:

-Must be enclosed by single quotation marks.

-Is case sen.

-Can include any valid date format element

-Has an fm element to remove padded blaks or supperess leading zeros.

-Is separated from the date value by a comma.

Comments:
YYYY-Full year in number
YEAR- Year spelled out in English
MM-tow digit value for month
MONTH-full name of the month
MON=three later abbreviation of the month
DY- three later abbreviation of the week
DAY-full name of the week.
DD-numeric day of the month.
Ex, SQL> select to_char (sysdate,'dd/mm/yyyy')

2 from dual;

Q. list all the employs to join a organization in the month of dec?

Ans.

1 select*

2 from emp

3* where to_char (hiredate,'mon')='dec'

Q. to join in the year 1981?

Ans. SQL> select*

2 from emp

3 where to_char(hiredate,'YYYY')=1981;

Q.who join on sunday?

Ans. SQL> select *

2 from emp

3 where to_char(hiredate,'DY')='SUN';

More Comments Use:

HH24:MI:SS AM-15:45:15 PM

DD "OF" MONTH-12 OF OCT

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'HH-MI-SS')

2. DECODE Function: Works like 'if-then-else' statements.

Q.to implements to salary of the employs one following criteria

a) If the job is manager increment is 10%.

b) If the job is sales man increment is 5%.

c) Other jobs No increment.

Ans. SELECT JOB, SAL AS "OLD SAL", DECODE(JOB,'MANAGER',SAL+SAL*0.1, 'SALESMAN',SAL+SAL*0.05, SAL)AS "NEW
SAL" FROM EMP;

NUMBER FUNCTION:

1. ROUND: Round value to specify decimal.

>select round(349.23,2) from dual;

1. TRUNC: Truncates values to specified decimal.

>select trunc(349.234,2) ; from dual

1. MOD : Return remainder of division.

Q. to list all the emp who earn odd no salary?
Ans. select * from emp where mod(sal,2)!=0;

DATE FUNCTION:
Date: Returns both date and times but the select statements prints only current date and skipped the type.
SQL> select sysdate from dual;

Time: systimestamp is returns 3 things date time with mini sec information time zone.

ARITHMETIC WITH DATES

• Add or subtract a number to or from a date for resultant date value.
• Subtract two dates to find the number of dates between those dates.
• Add hours to a date by dividing the number of hours by 24.
Exam,
SQL> select sysdate+2 from dual;

a. MONTHS_BETWEEN: Is used for finding months between tow dates.

>select MONTHS_BETWEEN (sysdate,'12-DEC-14') FROM DUAL;
b. ADD_MONTHS: Is used to add the months for a given dates.
>SELECT ADD_MONTHS (SYSDATE, 4) FROM DUAL;
c. NEXT_DAY: Is used for next date for given day.
>SELECT NEXT_DAY (SYSDATE,'FRIDAY') FROM DUAL;
d. LAST_DAY: Is used for finding the last date for given month.
MULTIPLE ROW FUNCTION:
1. GROUP FUNCTION
2. GROUP BY FUNCTION
3. NESTING FUNC

1. GROUP FUNCTION:
Type of Group Function:
1. AVG
2. COUNT
3. MAX
4. MIN
5. SUM

1. AVG: Is used to find the avg value of the column.

Q. avg sal of the emp table?

Ans. SQL> select avg(sal)

from emp;

2. COUNT: Is used to count the no of records in a column.

select count(deptno)
from emp;
3. MAX: Is used to max value in column.
Q.display the max sal of the emp table?
Ans.SQL> select max(sal)
2 from emp;

4. MIN: Is used to finding minimum value in the columnl.

Q. min sal of emp table?

SQL> select min(sal)

2 from emp;

5. SUM: Is used to find the sumation of all the values within the column.
Q. sum of all the sal of emp table?

Ans.SQL> select sum(sal) from emp;

2. GROUP BY FUNCTION:

Is used to group the data based on the column.

Always written after from clause.
Any single group function written a select st with in group func should be written with in the group by clause.

Q. To display number of emp working in each deptno?

Ans. SQL> select deptno, count(*)
2 from emp
3 group by deptno;
Q. the highest sal acc to the job or job ways highest sal?

Ans. select job,max(sal)

from emp

group by job;

Q. deptno ways avg sal?

Ans.SQL> select deptno,avg(sal)

2 from emp

3 group by deptno;

Q. job ways avg sal and max sal?

Ans. SQL> select job,avg(sal),max(sal)

2 from emp

3 group by job;

Interview Q.
1. What is diff group by clause and order by clause?

Ans. Group by is used to group the data based on the column.

Order by is used Sort retrieved rows.

Q. To display no of employ each deptno only dept the count as more than 4?

Ans.SQL> select deptno, count(*)

2 from emp
3 where count(*)>4;

ERROR at line 3:

Correct

HAVING CLAUSE: Is used to filter the group data

Written should after group by clause.

Correct Ans. 1 select deptno, count(*)

from emp

group by deptno

having count(*)>4

Q. display job ways highest sal only the sal is greater than three thousands?

Ans. select job,max(sal)

from emp

group by job

having max(sal)>3000;

Q.to display min sal WHOSE job excluding the managers ?

Ans.select job, min(sal)

from emp

group by job

having job!='MANAGER';

3. NESTING FUNC:
-SINGLE ROW FUNCTIONS CAN BE NESTED TO ANY LEVEL.

-NESTED FUNCTIONS ARE EVALUATED FROM DEEPEST LEVEL TO THE LEAST DEEP LEVEL.

F3(F2(....................,ARG2),ARG3)

step1=result(most inner func)

step2=result2(inner func)
step3=result3(outer)

1. INNERMOST
2. OUTER
3. OUTER MOST

Q. To dis the emp names infollewing format.

Allen, Blacke,Ward,Adams?

Ans. select concat(upper(substr(ename,1,2)),lower(substr(ename,3))) from emp;

Q. To Display the emp names following format

AlleN, WarD,AdamS

Ans. select concat( initcap(substr(ename,1,length(ename)-1)),upper(substr(ename,-1)))

from emp;

Q. To replace all with * the letter L in all the positions of a emp table?

A) SELECT REPLACE (ENAME,’L’,’*’) FROM EMP;

Q. To replace the third char with * from emp table?

select SUBSTR(ename,1,2)|| '*'||substr(ename,4)

from emp:

SUBQUIRES:
Sub query are written to find the unknown values.

Always write the sub with in the parenthesis and right hand side of comparison operator

Used appropriate condition operators for the queries is written single row or multiple rows.

Q. List all the emp who’s sal is less then ALLEN's salary?

Ans. 1 select *

2 from emp

3* where sal<(select sal from emp where ename='ALLEN');

Q. who worked for sales and research deptment?

Ans. 1 select *

2 from emp

3* where deptno in (select deptno from dept where dname in ('SALES','RESEARCH'))

Q. To display all the employs who worked for KING?

select * from emp where mgr=(select empno from emp where ename='KING');

Q. List all the employs who job is same as Miller or salary is greater than Allen's sal?

Ans, select *

2 from emp

3 where job=(select job from emp where ename='MILLER')

4 or sal>(select sal from emp where ename='ALLEN');

Q. who is earning max sal under king?

Ans, 1 select *

2 from emp

3* where sal =(select max (sal) from emp where mgr=(select empno from emp where ename='KING'))

Q.Display all the emp who are senior to king?

Ans, 1 select *

2 from emp

3* where hiredate<(select hiredate from emp where ename='KING')

Q. who worked as sales man but donot report to BLACK?

Ans.1 select *

2 from emp

3* where job='SALESMAN' AND MGR<>(SELECT EMPNO FROM EMP WHERE ENAME='BLACK'):

Q. All the employs who earned sal between 1000-3000 in SALES and ACCOUNT deptmnt?

Ans. SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP where sal between 1000 and 3000

2 and deptno in (SELECT DEPTNO FROM DEPT WHERE DNAME IN ('SALES', 'ACCOUNTING'));

Q. Display second mini sal ?

Ans, 1 select min(sal)

 2 from emp

3* where sal>(select min(sal) from emp)

Q. Display third max sal?

Ans, 1 select max(sal)

2 from emp where sal<(select max(sal) from emp where sal<(select max(sal) from emp))

SQL JOINS
Joins are used to fetch the data two or more table. In general table are related to each other using FK constraint.

There are 4 types of joins:

1. Cartesian or cross join.

2. Inner join or equi join.

3. Outer join.

4. Self-join

1. CERTESIAN JOIN:
Produces the Cartesian product of the 2 table involved join.

CERTESIAN PRODUCTS IN SQL:

Here record in left table is join with every record right table.

select ename, dname

2 from emp,dept;

2. INNER JOIN OR EQUI:

is like a intersection of both table.

Returns only the matching row between both the tables and non-matching records are eliminated.

ANSI STYLES JOINS:

1 select EMP.ename, DEPT.dname

2 from emp JOIN dept

3* ON EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO

Q. To display emp names and their dept names ?

Ans, 1 select EMP.ename, DEPT.dname

 2 from emp,dept

WHERE EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO

3. OUTER JOIN:
Are used to retrieve matching and non matching rows from wheather left table or right table or from both the tables.

Outer Joins can be further classified into

1. Left outer join

2. Right outer join

3. Full outer join

a) Left outer join: It return both matching and non matching records from left table.

select EMP.ename, DEPT.dname

from emp left outer JOIN dept

ON EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO;

b) Right outer join: Written both match it and none match it records right tables.

1 select EMP.ename, DEPT.dname

2 from emp right outer JOIN dept

3* ON EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO;

c) Full Outer join.Is writen both matching and non matching records into left and right table

1 select EMP.ename, DEPT.dname

2 from emp full outer JOIN dept

3* ON EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO

4. Self-join:
Join in the table to itself called self-join.

Q. to dislplay employ name and his managers name?

Ans, 1 select a.ename as "employ" ,b.ename as "manager"

2 from emp a,emp b

3* where a.mgr=b.empno
 CO RELETED SUBQUIRY:
Here the output of inner query and outer query are inter dependent
Q. max sal?

Ans. 1 select *

2 from emp a

3* where 0=(select count (sal) from emp b where a.sal<b.sal)

Q. second max sal?

Ans. 1 select *

2 from emp a

3* where 1=(select count (sal) from emp b where a.sal<b.sal)

Q. To display third min salary?

Ans.

1 select *

2 from emp a

3* where 2=(select count (sal) from emp b where a.sal>b.sal)

NORMALIZATION:
Normalization is process of efficiently organizing the data in the database.

We do normalization

1. Eliminating redundant data. (Storing same data in more than one table)

2. Ensuring data dependency makes sense. (Ensuring only related data is stored in the table)
First Normalization:

Sets very basic rules for an organized database

Eliminate duplicate columns from the same table.

create separate tables for each group of related data and identify each row with unique col or set of
columns.(primary key)

2nd Normalization:

Further addresses removal of duplicative data from the table.

Meet all the requirements of 1nf/the table has to be in 1nf.

Create the relationship between these new tables through the use of foreign key.

3rd Normalization:

Meet all the requirements of 2NF.

Remove col that are not dependent on the primary key.

Denormalization:

1. Process of combining table without losing the functionality.

2. Process of combining more than one smaller table to form one bigger table is called as denormalization.
3. This is the reverse process of normalization.
4. It is mainly in used in data warehousing.

CODD RULES:
Any DBMS to qualify to become an RDBMS should be following rules:

1. The DBMS should support null values

2. DBMS should support constraint like unique, primary key, foreign key, and check.

3. The DBMS should support DML DDL DCL TCL.

4. The DBMS should support quarry technic like, sub query, joints, and co-related sub query etc.

THE END
***ALL THE BEST FOR THE MOCK INTERVIEWS.