GRADE 11 MID-YEAR EXAM JUNE 2022

SCHOOL LOG

GEOGRAPHY

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

QUESTION PAPER

GRADE 11

TIME: 3 hours
TOTAL: 150
DATE: 6 JUNE 2022

This question paper consist of 15 pages.

MAP: 2629 DB ERMELO

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GRADE 11 MID-YEAR EXAM JUNE 2022

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of TWO SECTIONS.

SECTION A
QUESTION 1: THE ATMOSPHERE (60 MARKS)
QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY (60 MARKS)

SECTION B
QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES (30 MARKS)

2. Answer ALL THREE questions.

3. ALL diagrams are included in the annexure.

4. Where possible, illustrate your answers with labelled diagrams.

5. Leave a line between subsections answered.

6. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.

7. Number your answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper

8. Do NOT write in the margins of your ANSWER BOOK.

9. In SECTION B you are provided with a 1: 50 000 2629 DB ERMELO topographical

map and an extract of the 2629DB 5 ERMELO of a part of the mapped area.

10. Show ALL calculations and use the formulae provided, where applicable. Marks will be
allocated for these.

11. Indicate the unit of measurement in the final answer of calculations,

e.g., 10 km; 2,1 cm.

12. You may use a non-programmable and a magnifying glass.

13. The area demarcated in RED and BLACK on the topographic map represents the area
covered by the orthophoto map.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B

14. A 1: 50 000 2629 DB ERMELO topographical map and an extract of the 2629DB 5
ERMELO ortho photo of a part of the mapped area.

15. The area demarcated in RED/BLACK on the topographic map represents the
area covered by the orthophoto map.

16 Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for this.

17. You must hand in the topographic and orthophoto map to the invigilator at the end of
the examination.

Copyright reserved
GRADE 11 MID-YEAR EXAM JUNE 2022

SECTION A: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

QUESTION 1: THE ATMOSPHERE

1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose
the correct answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number (1.1.1–
1.1.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.9 A.

1.1.1 Lines on a map joining places of equal temperature is known as …

A Isohyets.
B Isobars.
C Isotherms.
D Contours.

1.1.2 The weight of the atmosphere on the surface of the Earth is the …

A pressure gradient.
B pressure gradient force.
C atmospheric pressure.
D geostrophic wind.

1.1.3 Air which moves from a high pressure to a low pressure is …

A wind.
B atmospheric pressure.
C geostrophic flow.
D pressure gradient.

1.1.4 The amount of change in atmospheric pressure between high- and

low-pressure areas is known as the ....

A atmospheric pressure.
B pressure gradient.
C Coriolis force.
D thermal pressure.

1.1.5 … is Mid-autumn days that fall on the 21st of March when there’s
equal length of day and night.

A Summer solstice
B Winter solstice
C Spring equinox
D Autumn equinox

1.1.6 The zone where the two sets of tropical easterlies converge is the …

A Sub-polar Low-pressure zone.

B Sub-tropical High-Pressure zone.
C Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).
D Polar High-pressure zone.

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GRADE 11 MID-YEAR EXAM JUNE 2022

1.1.7 … is the force which deflects winds due to the earth’s rotation.

A Coriolis
B Pressure
C Ferrell’s law
D Gradient

1.1.8 The zone where two air masses of different temperatures meet is a
…

A Cyclonic front.
B Polar front.
C Tropical front.
D Convergence front. (8 x 1) (8)

1.2 Read the following statements and choose the appropriate word(s) in brackets which
will make the statement TRUE. Write down only the question number (1.2.1 to 1.2.7)
and the correct answer.

1.2.1 The side of a mountain where winds descends and warm up is the
(leeward/windward) side.

1.2.2 A warm dry wind that descends on the leeward side of a mountain
is a (monsoon/föhn) wind.

1.2.3 The rate at which the temperature of dry (unsaturated) air

decreases with an increase in height (1̊C per 100 metres) is the
(dry / wet) adiabatic lapse rate.

1.2.4 The rate at which temperature changes in the atmosphere with

change in altitude is the (lapse rate/temperature range).

1.2.5 A change in conditions brought about by wetter conditions in the

Pacific Ocean is known as (El Nino / La Nina).

1.2.6 The difference between summer and winter temperatures is

(temperature range/lapse rate).

1.2.7 A seasonal wind that blows in the Tropical regions is a

(monsoon/mountain) wind. (7 x 1) (7)

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GRADE 11 MID-YEAR EXAM JUNE 2022

1.3 Refer to FIGURE 1.3, illustrating air pressure belts and wind circulation at different
latitudes on a global scale.

Source: efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://online.htseden.co.za/wp-
content/uploads/2021/03/Geography-Grade-11-Term-1-Week-3_2021-1.pdf

1.3.1 Identify pressure belts A and B? (2 x 1) (2)

1.3.2 (a) Identify the planetary winds that develop at D and E. (2 x 1) (2)

(b) Explain why the planetary winds identified in QUESTION

1.3.2 (a) shows a deflection. (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.3 (a) Name the tri-cellular cell which develops at F. (1 x 1) (1)

(b) Describe how cell F develops? (2 x 2) (4)

1.3.4 The subpolar low-pressure belt is located at C. Explain how it is

possible for a low-pressure cell to develop at such a high latitude.
(2 x 2) (4)

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GRADE 11 MID-YEAR EXAM JUNE 2022

1.4 Refer to the infographic on Africa’s weather and climate.

TOWN MAXIMUM MINIMUM Ocean currents influence the

TEMP (°C) TEMP (°C) weather of the coastal areas.
Pretoria 24 4
Johannesburg 21 3 Due to evaporation from the
Nelspruit/Mbombela 30 9 oceans, the winds blowing from
Polokwane 25 5 the sea to the land carry moisture,
Mafikeng 24 6
(Onshore winds) to coastal areas.
Bloemfontein 21 3
Kimberley 21 6 Any moisture in the air condenses
Cape Town 19 12
to form either mist or fog
East London 25 13
Durban 25 10

A
Durban

Source: Gr 11 Relab material

1.4.1 Define onshore wind (1 x 2) (2)

1.4.2 Use the information from the infographic and determine which city has
the smallest temperature range? (1 x 1) (1)

1.4.3 Identify ocean currents A and B, which influence the climate of the
South Africa. (2 x 1) (2)

1.4.4 Explain why ocean current A is responsible for cold and dry west (2)
coastal conditions. (1 x 2)

1.4.5 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss the influence

of ocean current B (identified in QUESTION 1.4.3), on the temperature
and rainfall of Durban. (4 x 2) (8)

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GRADE 11 MID-YEAR EXAM JUNE 2022

1.5 Refer to the infographic on desertification.

Africa—Shaded area - area suffering

or at risk of desertification.

Desertification can be caused

by drought, overpopulation,
over-farming, deforestation and
climate change. The effects of
desertification are seen in many
parts of the world.

The most vulnerable region is a

3,000-mile stretch of land that
includes ten countries in the
Sahel region of Africa. The
Sahel is the area between the
Saharan Desert and the
Sudanian Savannah. This
region is under constant stress
due to frequent droughts and
soil erosion. A dense forest can
become a field of dust in a
matter of years, making mass
migrations inevitable. Africans
frequently migrate south in
search of fertile land.

[Source: Adapted from: https://borgenproject.org/desertification-in-africa/;

https://www.oecd.org/dac/environment-development/DESERTIFICATION-
RELATED%20FINANCE%20MARCH%202015_FINAL.pdf
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/desertification]

1.5.1 Define the term desertification. (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.2 Identify the continent with the highest rate of desertification. (1 x 1) (1)

1.5.3 Which region is the most vulnerable to desertification, on the continent

identified in QUESTION 1.5.2? (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.4 Quote TWO causes of desertification from the text. (2 x 1) (2)

1.5.5 Discuss the economic implications of desertification on the areas

mentioned in QUESTION 1.5.3. (2 x 2) (4)

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GRADE 11 MID-YEAR EXAM JUNE 2022

1.5.6 “This area is under constant stress due to frequent droughts.”

Suggest management strategies that can be implemented to reduce
the risk of drought in the areas mentioned in QUESTION 1.5.3. (2 x 2) (4)

[60]

QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY

2.1

2.1.1

2.1.2

2.1.3

2.1.4

2.1.5

2.1.6

2.1.7
(7)

2.2 Choose a term from COLUMN B that matches the geomorphologic description in
COLUMN A. Write ONLY the letter (A–I) next to the question number (2.2.1–2.2.8) in the
ANSWER BOOK, for example 2.2.9 J.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

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GRADE 11 MID-YEAR EXAM JUNE 2022

2.2.1 Large area with deep steep sided valleys with A Butte
narrow valley floors
B Cuesta
2.2.2 The plateau is reduced in width due to the
process of back wasting, thereby creating this C Canyon
feature
D Plateau
2.2.3 Flat topped hills with a greater height than width
E Parallel retreat
2.2.4 Landform where the resistant cap rock has been
removed F Cap rock

2.2.5 A large flat area elevated above sea level G Mesa

2.2.6 Hard resistant rock found on the top of horizontal H Karoo landscape
features like mesa and butte
I Conical hill
2.2.7 Landscape that consists of flat topped mountains
of different widths

2.2.8 The process of back wasting is also referred to

as.

(8 x 1) (8)

2.3 FIGURE 2.3 shows topography associated with inclined strata.

[Source: Adapted from: https://learn.mindset.africa/sites/default/files/resourcelib/emshare-show-note-

asset/863_fdoc.pdf]

2.3.1 Identify the landform in FIGURE 2.3. (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.2 Does this feature occur in inclined or horizontal strata? (1 x 1) (1)

2.3.3 Label slopes A and B in FIGURE 2.3, as either a dip or scarp slope.
(2 x 1) (2)

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GRADE 11 MID-YEAR EXAM JUNE 2022

2.3.4 Describe the steepness of the slopes mentioned in QUESTION

2.3.3. (2 x 2) (4)

2.3.5 Discuss how this landscape can be utilized by humans. (3 x 2) (6)

[15]

2.4 FIGURE 2.4 is an illustration of Tors.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_(rock_formation)#/media/File:Kit-Mikayi.JPG

2.4.1 Provide a definition for Tors. (1 x 2) (2)

2.4.2 Name TWO types of weathering that is responsible for the formation
of this landform. (2 x 1) (2)

2.4.3 Name the original landform from which the Tors depicted in FIGURE
2.4 developed. (1 x 1) (1)

2.4.4 Explain how this landform can be of an economic advantage for the
local community. (2 x 2) (4)

2.4.5 Describe the formation of Tors. (3 x 2) (6)

[15]

2.5 FIGURE 2.5. is an illustration of slope elements.

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GRADE 11 MID-YEAR EXAM JUNE 2022

[Source: http://www.holycrosshigh.co.za/Alida/GRADE%2011_WEEK%2011.pdf]

2.5.1 Name the slope elements A, B and D. (3 x 1) (3)

2.5.2 Define the concept ‘knickpoint’. (1 x 2) (2)

2.5.3 Why will farming activity be practiced on slope element D than on

the slope element C? (1 x 2) (2)

2.5.4 In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss ONE

characteristic of each slope element labelled A to D. (4 x 2) (8)
[15]

[60]

SECTION B: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES (MAPWORK)

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GRADE 11 MID-YEAR EXAM JUNE 2022

All questions refer to the extract of 1: 50 000 of the 2629 DB ERMELO topographical map
and an extract of the 2629DB 5 ERMELO orthophoto map of a part of the mapped area.

QUESTION 3

The following English terms and their Afrikaans translations are shown on the topographical
map:

ENGLISH AFRIKAANS
River Rivier
Purification plant Watersuiweringswerke
Opencast Mine Oopgroefmyn
Furrow Kanaal

GENERAL INFORMATION ON ERMELO

Ermelo

Ermelo is the educational, industrial and commercial town of the Gert Sibande District
Municipality in Mpumalanga province, South Africa. It is both a mixed agriculture and
mining region. It is located 210 km east of Johannesburg.
Mining is important to the district with anthracite, coal and torbanite mined.
The climate is warm and temperate. The summers have a good deal of rainfall, while the
winters have very little. The average annual temperature is 14.7 °C . In a year, the rainfall
is on average 883 mm.
The geology in the vicinity of Ermelo is comprised of rocks of the Karoo Supergroup, and
mainly consists of sandstones, gritstones, shales and coal beds of the Ecca Subgroup,
made up of the Volksrust and Vryheid Formations.
[Source: Adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermelo,_Mpumalanga
https://csegrecorder.com/articles/view/assessing-risk-to-the-ermelo-ring-road-from-historical-coal-
undermining.
https://en.climate-data.org/africa/south-africa/mpumalanga/ermelo-11358/]

3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS

Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.

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GRADE 11 MID-YEAR EXAM JUNE 2022

Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question
number.

3.1.1 The contour interval on the Orthophoto map is … metres.

A 5
B 10
C 20
D 25 (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.2 In the map reference/index 2629 DB, is 26 referring to …

A longitude
B latitude
C easterly
D westerly (1 x 1) (1)

Refer to the topographic map and orthophoto map.

3.1.3 Determine the true bearing from trigonometrical station 305 (in block
D2) to the benchmark (in block D1). (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.4 Calculate the present magnetic declination for the map. (5 x 1) (5)

3.1.5 Use your answers from QUESTION 3.1.3 and 3.1.4 to calculate the
present magnetic bearing from trigonometrical station 305 (block
D2) to the benchmark in block D1. Show all calculations. (2 x 1) (2)
[10]

3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION

Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.

Choose the answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number.

3.2.1 Wesselton, the area covered by the Orthophoto map is … from

Ermelo.

A east
B west
C north
D south (1 x 1) (1)

3.2.2 The landform in blocks C1 and D1 on the orthophoto map is a …

A ridge.
B valley.
C gorge.
D mountain. (1 x 1) (1)

3.2.3 The land use at 6 on the orthophoto map is (a) …

A cemetery
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GRADE 11 MID-YEAR EXAM JUNE 2022

B factories
C hospital
D houses (1 x 1) (1)

Refer to the topographic map.

3.2.4 Ermelo receives seasonal rainfall. Discuss this statement. (1 x 1) (1)

3.2.5 Give evidence from the topographic map to support the statement in
QUESTION 3.2.4. (2 x 1) (2)

3.2.6 How does the farmers in the area prepared themselves for the
possibility of dry seasons? (1 x 2) (2)

The following diagram is a cross section from spot height 1738 (in block B1)
to the De Roodepoort farm (in block C1), on the topographic map.

●1738

De Roodepoort

3.2.7 (a) Explain how slope decline might affect the appearance of the
slope . (1 x 2) (2)

(b) South-west of De Roodepoort farm is cultivated land. Explain

why this is the ideal location for farming. (1 x 2) (2)
[12]

3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)

Refer to block B2 on the topographic map.

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GRADE 11 MID-YEAR EXAM JUNE 2022

3.3.1 Give examples from this block for a/an:

(a) Line symbol

(b) Point symbol
(c) Area symbol (3 x 1) (3)

3.3.2 Refer to FIGURE 3.3 showing the Ermelo golf course.

[Source: https://www.sa-venues.com/golf/ermelo-country-club.php]

(a) Name the type of data in the photo image. (1 x 1) (1)

(b) Explain how GIS assisted the developers in the choice of

location of this golf course. (2 x 2) (4)

[8]
[30]

TOTAL: 150

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