GRADE 10

JUNE EXAM

MARKS; 150

DURATION; 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. This question paper consists of TWO SECTIONS:

 SECTION A:
QUESTION 1: The Atmosphere (60)
QUESTION 2: Geomorphology (60)
SECTION B:
QUESTION 3: Geographical Skills and Techniques (30)

2. Answer ALL THREE questions.

3. All diagrams are included in the QUESTION PAPER.

4. Leave a line open between sub-sections of questions answered.

5. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.

6. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.

7. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.

8. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so.

9. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except when you have to state, name, identify or
list.

10. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answer, e.g., 1 020 hPa,
14 °C and 45 m.

11. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

12. You may use a magnifying glass.

13. Write neatly and legibly.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION FOR SECTION B

14. A 1 : 50 000 topographic map 2629 DB ERMELO and a 1 : 10 000 orthophoto

map 2629DB 5 ERMELO

15. The area demarcated in RED/BLACK on the topographic map represents the area
covered by the orthophoto map.

16. Show ALL calculations. Marks will be allocated for this.

17. You must hand in the topographic and the orthophoto map to the invigilator at the
end of this examination session.

SECTION A: THE ATMOSHERE AND GEOMORPHOLOGY

QUESTION 1: THE ATMOSPHERE

1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the
answer and write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number (1.1.1–1.1.7) in the
ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.8 A.

1.1.1 This is an example of a constant gas.

A Nitrogen
B Carbon
C Hydrogen
D Vapour

1.1.2 These lines join places with equal air pressure.

A Isobars
B Isopleths
C Isotherms
D Contour Lines

1.1.3 These chemical compounds are responsible for the break-down of the
ozone layer

A Greenhouse gases
B Chlorofluorocarbons
C Trace gases
D Methane

1.1.4 A transfer of heat through the contact of air molecules.

A Convection
B Radiation
C Conduction
D Insolation

1.1.5 An instrument used to measure rainfall.

A Thermometer
B Anemometer
C Rain gauge
D Hydrometer

1.1.6 Inland climate which results in a big range between minimum and
maximum temperatures.

A Maritime climate
B Continental climate
C Subtropical climate
D Humid climate

1.1.7 The following are greenhouse gases.

(i) Carbon-dioxide
(ii) Argon
(iii) Water vapour
(iv) Nitrogen

A (i)and (ii)
 B (i)and (iii)
C (ii) and (iii)
D (iii) and (iv)
(7 x 1) (7)

1.2 Study the FIGURE showing layers of the atmosphere. Choose the correct letter (A – D)
which matches the correct statements below

1.2.1 All weather activities take place in this layer.

1.2.2 The densest layer of the atmosphere.

1.2.3 Temperature inversion takes place in layer D and …

1.2.4 This layer is found above the tropopause.

1.2.5 This layer is found below the thermosphere.

1.2.6 Aeroplanes fly in this layer to avoid turbulence.

1.2.7 This layer has the highest amount of water vapour and oxygen.

1.2.8 Temperature decreases in height between A and …

(8x1) (8)

1.3 Refer to the article.

Climate change is happening, and it’s mostly due to human activities that change the
composition of the atmosphere, which in turn interferes with the natural flow of
energy through the climate system.

Two greenhouse gases contribute most to this problem: carbon dioxide and
methane. The result is global heating. The repercussions of rising temperatures
include heavier rains, stronger storms, more intense droughts, heatwaves and
wildfires.

Methane, which is more potent than carbon dioxide but has a shorter lifespan,
reached record levels in the atmosphere last year, at about 2.5 times above those
1.3.1 Define the concept climate change. (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.2 According to the article, what is the main contributor to climate

change? (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.3 Name one gas from the article that causes climate change (1 x 1) (1)

1.3.4 How did countries that attended the COP26 Summit show
commitment to reduce methane emissions? (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.5 Suggest reasons why countries like Australia and other industrialised
countries usually object (refuse) to signing pledges such as the one in
the article. (2 x 2) (4)

1.3.6 Discuss strategies that local municipalities can implement to reduce

the heating of the atmosphere and the resultant climate change.
(2 x 2) (4)
[15]

1.4 Refer to the infographic on rainfall in South Africa.

1.4.1 Name the type of climate experienced in Durban (1 x 1) (1)

1.4.2 Name the ocean currents that flow past Durban and Cape Town
respectively. (2 x 1) (2)

1.4.3 Describe the average rainfall variation from the east to the west of the
country. (1 x 1) (1)

1.4.4 The rainfall graph above shows that rainfall in Cape town increases
significantly in winter. With an aid of a well labelled diagram illustrate
the type of rainfall experienced in Cape town during winter. (3 x 1) (3)

1.4.5 In a paragraph of approximately 8 lines discuss the economic and

social impacts of the rainfall mentioned in QUESTION 1.4.4 (4 x 2) (8)

[15]
1.5 Refer to the ssynoptic weather map of South Africa.

1.5.1 What is a synoptic weather map? (1 x 2) (2)

1.5.2 Name the season represented by this synoptic weather map (1 x 1) (1)

1.5.3 Provide map evidence to support the answer to question 1.5.2. (1 x 1) (1)

1.5.4 Identify the high-pressure labelled A on the map. (1 x 1) (1)

1.5.5 Name the lines marked C on the map. (1 x 1) (1)

1.5.6 Describe the weather in Durban by referring to the following:

(a) Air temperature

(b) Dew point temperature
(c) Cloud cover
(d) Wind speed
(e) Wind direction (5 x 1) (5)

1.5.7 Refer to the enlarged station model of Durban and explain why there is
high possibilities of rainfall occurring. (2 x 2) (4)
[15]
TOTAL QUESTION 1: 60
QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY

2.1 Choose a term from COLUMN B that matches the description in COLUMN A. Write only
the letter (Y or Z) next to the question number (2.1.1 – 2.1.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, for
example 2.1.8 Y.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
2.1.1 This rock is formed when magma solidifies. Y Igneous rock
Z Sedimentary rock
2.1.2 Igneous … form when lava flows on the surface. Y intrusions
Z extrusions
2.1.3 These are types of rocks that change their Y Metamorphic rocks
material composition due to immense pressure Z Sedimentary rocks
and temperature.
2.1.4 … is the process whereby rocks break down into Y Deposition
smaller pieces. Z Weathering
2.1.5 … are the main minerals found in the oceanic Y Silicon and Aluminium (SIAL)
crust. Z Silicon and Magnesium (SIMA)
2.1.6 This is a characteristic of a sedimentary rock. Y Stratified (layered)
Z Crystalised
2.1.7 This type of rock is easily eroded. Y Igneous rock
Z Sedimentary rock

2.2 Study the figure showing layers of the earth. Choose the correct letter (A – D)
which matches the correct statements below. Letters may be used more than once.

[SOURCE: google.com/search?q=internal+structure+of+the+earth&tbm]

2.2.1 This layer is broken into smaller segments, called plates.

2.2.2 This layer has the highest temperatures.

 2.2.3 This layer is thicker beneath the continents but thinner beneath the
ocean.

2.2.4 This layer is in a molten state.

2.2.5 Tectonic plates float on this layer.

2.2.6 This layer is liquid due to high temperature.

2.2.7 Topsoil is found in this layer.

2.2.8 This layer is separated by the moho from the mantle.

(8 x 1) (8)

2.3
Refer to the info graphic on plate tectonics and the East African Rift Valley.
 A rift valley refers to a lowland region
where tectonic plates rift or move apart.
East African Rift The large crack that recently exposed
itself in Kenya is from the East African
Rift. In the 3,700 mile- long East African
Rift, there are two smaller systems
called the Gregory Rift and the Western
Rift, and each is speckled with
volcanoes.

The rifts are growing larger as two

tectonic plates, the Somali plate in the
east and the Nubian plate in the west,
move away from each other.

[Source: www.geolsoc.org.uk]

2.3.1 Define the concept plate boundary. (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.2 Give the name of the geophysicist who first theorised the movement
of tectonic plates. (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.3 Name the TWO plates responsible for the formation of the rift valley.
(2 x 1) (2)

2.3.4 What type of plate boundary is responsible for the East African Rift?
(1 x 1) (1)

2.3.5 Explain ONE positive and ONE negative effect of the east African Rift
Valley for the people of nnorth-eastern Africa. (2 x 2) (4)

2.3.6 Discuss 2 pieces of evidence that support the theory that all
continents were once joined as one supercontinent (4)
(2 x 2)
[15]
 2 Study the infographic.
.4
A B C D E F

2.4.1 Identify the fault types labelled 1, 2 and 3. (3 x (3)

1)

2.4.2 Identify the parts of a fold labelled at A and B. (2 x 1) (2)

2.4.3 Name the mountain range in South Africa that developed because of
rocks compressed into each other. (1 x 2) (2)

2.4.4 Differentiate between the processes of folding and faulting. (2 x 2) (4)

2.4.5 Explain why fold C is considered symmetrical fold. (1 x 2) (2)

2.4.6 Explain the development of fold F. (1 x 2) (2)

[15]
2.5 Refer to the extract on a recent earthquake in Turkey and Syria on 6 February
2023.

EARTHQUAKE IN TURKEY AND SYRIA ON 06 FEBRUARY 2023

Earthquakes may trigger other natural
disasters including volcanic activity,
tsunamis and landslides. Earthquakes may
sometimes be referred to as tremors, or
temblors.
Severe earthquakes may move the ground
enough to cause buildings to collapse and
kill thousands of people. During the
shaking, it is prudent to drop down on the
knees and cover the head and neck using
hands. This protects against falling
objects. Staying away from windows,
furniture or any loose structures is prudent.
Earthquakes may also lead to flooding and
outbreak of fires due to electrical lines. a Mw
7.8 earthquake struck southern and central
Turkey and northern and western Syria.
The epicentre was 37 km (23 mi) west—
northwest of Gaziantep. https://www.google.com/search?q=earthquake

2.5.1 Define the concept epicenter. (1 x 2) (2)

2.5.2 State the magnitude of the earthquake in the extract. (1 x 1) (1)

2.5.3 List other natural disasters that may be triggered (caused) by an

earthquake (2 x (2)
1)

2.5.4 According to the article, explain how people may protect themselves
“during the shaking”. (1 x 2) (2)

2.5. In a paragraph of approximately 8 lines discuss the reasons why the

impacts of earthquakes will be more devastating in developing countries
than developed countries. (4 x 2) (8)
[15]

TOTAL QUESTION 2 [60]

TOTAL FOR SECTION A [120]

 SECTION B

QUESTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND

TECHNIQUES BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON

Coordinates: 23°52' S; 31°04' E

Phalaborwa is a town in Limpopo, South Africa. It is located near the confluence of the Ga-Selati
River and the Olifants River, along the western border of the Kruger National Park in the Lowveld.
Tourism and wildlife play dominant roles in the life of this town. Attractions, such as the Blyde River
Canyon, the Three Rondavels, God's Window, Bourke's Luck Potholes and river cruises on the
Olifants River, make Phalaborwa an important tourist destination in this province.
[Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalaborwa]

The following English terms and their Afrikaans translations are shown on the topographic map:

ENGLISH AFRIKAANS

Diggings Uitgrawings
Golf course Gholfbaan
River Rivier
Sewerage works Rioolwerke
Estate Landgoed
Salt pan Soutpan
Nature reserve Natuurreservaa
3.1 MAP SKILLS AND CALCULATIONS

3.1.1 Phalaborwa is located in the … province.

A Mpumalanga
B Northwest
C Gauteng
D Limpopo (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.2 23 on the index 2331 CC refers to…

A longitude.
B latitude.
C meridian.
D map code. (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.3 Refer to the trigonometrical station in Block E3 on the topographic map.

Give the height of the trigonometrical station (1 x 1) (1)

3.1.4 Refer to the two spot heights at 7 in Block B1 on the orthophoto map.
Calculate the difference in height between the two spot heights.
(2 x 1) (2)

3.1.5 Calculate the horizontal distance between the TWO spot heights mentioned
in QUESTION 3.1.4. (2 x 1) (2)

3.1.6 Using the answers from QUESTIONS 3.1.4 and 3.1.5, calculate the
average gradient between the two spot heights

Formula: Gradient = Difference in height / VI

Horizontal Distance HE (2 x 1) (2)

3.1.7 Compare your answer to QUESTION 3.1.6 to a gradient of 1:22 and

determine which on is steeper. (1 x 1) (1)

(10)

3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION

Refer to natural and constructed features in block D2 on the topographic map.

3.2.1 (a) Constructed features are (created by nature / created by humans).

(1 x 1) (1)

(b) Identify TWO constructed feature found in block D2 on the

topographic map. (1 x 2) (2)
 (c) Explain the use/importance of the constructed feature identified in
QUESTION 3.2.1 (b). (1 x 2) (2)

3.2.2 (a) Give the name of landform 8 in Block C1 on the orthophoto map.
(1 x 1) (1)
(b) Give ONE use of the landform mentioned in QUESTION 3.2.2(a).
(1 x 1) (1)

3.2.3 Give ONE tourist attractions located in the Phalaborwa region. (1 x 1) (1)

3.3 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)

3.3.1 Define the term remote sensing. (1 x 2)

3.3.2 Define the concept Ggeographic Iinformation Ssystem (1 x 2) (2)

3.3.3 Give any three components of GIS. (3 x (3)

1)

Refer to Block D1 and Block D2 on topographical map.

Give an example of the following:

3.3.4 (a) A human made feature (1 x 1) (1)

(b) A human-made polygon (1 x 1) (1)

3.3.5 Explain briefly why the orthophoto map can be classified as raster
data. (1x2) (2)
(30)

TOTAL; 150