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Tutorial Exercise 3

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Tutorial Exercise 3

Uploaded by

game94049
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SHDH1004 Creative and Critical Thinking

Semester Two 2019/20

Tutorial Exercise 3 Argument Analysis and Standard Form Writing


Inference（推理）: An inference is a mental process of linking propositions in which a
statement is justified by other proposition(s).
Argument（論證）: An argument is a set of statements in which some statement(s)
is/are claimed to justify another statement.
Premise（前提）: The premise(s) of an argument is/are the statement(s) which claim(s)
to justify another statement of this argument.
Conclusion（結論）: The conclusion of an argument is the statement which is claimed
to be justified by other statement(s) of this argument.

The Standard Form (標準式) of an argument is as follows:


Premise 1
Premise 2
Premise 3
……
─────────
∴ Conclusion

For example :
所有人都會死 (前提一) All men are mortal. (Premise 1)
蘇格拉底是人 (前提二) Socrates is a man. (Premise 2)
───────── ────────────
所以，蘇格拉底會死 (結論) Therefore, Socrates is mortal. (Conclusion)
Please try to analyses the structure of the following arguments and rewrite them in
standard form.

1. All whales are animals. For all whales are mammals, and all mammals are animals.

2. Student: “Why do you deduct my marks?”


Teacher: “It is because you did not hand in your work on time.”

3. Either Edwin will win the election or Sam will win the election. But Edwin won’t
win the election. Therefore, Sam will win the election.

4. 如果丁次吃飽了便不會再去超級市場。你看他現在去超級市場，他一定是吃不
飽了。

5. 如果你沒有犯事，就不會被人罰；現在你被人罰，不就證明了你有犯事！

6. 我跟你說，我是不會中今期的六合彩了, 因為我並沒有預先知道今期六合彩開
甚麼號碼；如果我預先知道便不同了。

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