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2) Unit-1 Introduction To Unit Operations and Unit Processes

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Sruthi Challapalli
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112 views

2) Unit-1 Introduction To Unit Operations and Unit Processes

Uploaded by

Sruthi Challapalli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Chemical Engineering

Academic Year 2023 – 24

Course Name and Code:


22CHC08 CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

Semester: IV (R22)
Name of the Program: B.Tech – Chemical Engineering

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22CHC08 CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
Syllabus has five units
Unit-I:
Classification of Indian Chemical Industry, Introduction to unit operations and unit
processes. Metallurgical Industry overview – classification of metals, manufacturing of
pig Iron by blast furnace, Inorganic chemical industries (sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid,
chlor-alkali industry). Overview of Pharmaceutical industry and classification of
pharmaceutical chemical forms.
UNIT – II:
Production of Green Hydrogen. Manufacturing of Ammonia. Urea manufacturing by various
processes. Manufacturing of Mono ammonium Phosphate, Di ammonium Phosphate.
Manufacturing of Single super Phosphate and Triple super Phosphate.
UNIT – III:
Introduction to Ceramics and its applications, Cement: Raw materials, Manufacturing of
Portland cement, Cement types and composition. Glass: Raw materials - Manufacturing –
Types of glasses – uses.
UNIT – IV:
Classification of Plastics, Manufacturing of Phenol formaldehyde resin, Polyethylene,
Polypropylene, PVC, PVA, Synthetic fibers-Manufacturing of Nylon–6-6, Polyester Fiber-
Classification of rubbers and Manufacturing of SBR.
UNIT – V:
Natural products industry: Pulp and Paper-Methods of pulping production. Recovery of
chemicals from black liquor. Production of paper. Oils, Soaps and Detergents: Definitions,
constituents of oils, Extraction and expression of vegetable oil. Refining and Hydrogenation
of oils. Continuous process for the production of Fatty acids and Soap. Sugar: Raw and
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refined sugar, By products of sugar industries.
22CHC08 CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
Unit-I:
Classification of Indian Chemical Industry, Introduction to unit operations and unit
processes. Metallurgical Industry overview – classification of metals, manufacturing
of pig Iron by blast furnace, Inorganic chemical industries (sulfuric acid, phosphoric
acid, chlor-alkali industry). Overview of Pharmaceutical industry and classification
of pharmaceutical chemical forms.

Unit-I: Topics
1) Classification of Indian Chemical Industry,
2) Introduction to unit operations and unit processes.
3) Metallurgical Industry overview – classification of metals,
4) manufacturing of pig Iron by blast furnace,
5) Inorganic chemical industries (sulfuric acid industry)
6) Inorganic chemical industries (sulfuric acid),
7) Inorganic chemical industries (phosphoric acid industries)
8) Overview of Pharmaceutical industry
9) classification of pharmaceutical chemical forms. 3
Examples for flowsheet development - 1

Oil-fired Water-tube steam generator

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Example for flowsheet development
Oil fired steam boiler – Line drawing

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Production or manufacture of Chemicals
Develop Process Flowsheet
• The purpose of flowsheet (flowcharts) is to communicate how a
process works or should work without any confusing technical
terminology.
• A flowchart is a picture representing the connectivity and flow
of the unit operations / processes in sequential order.
• Flowsheets can be used to describe various processes, such as a
manufacturing process, an administrative or service process, or a
project plan.
• Using just a few words and simple symbols, flowsheets show
clearly what happens at each stage and how this affects process
plant operation.

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Example for flowsheet development
Oil fired steam boiler – C.A.D

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Example – C.A.D developed 3D-flowsheet

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Task:
In the following examples for flowsheets,

Observe the following:


a) Plant Layout
b) Pipe connections as studied in F.M
c) Flow of Process Material
d) Utility services

Try to identify
i) what are the equipment shown
ii) Based on their location in the flowsheet - what is their purpose

Make a list of the following:


1) different equipment
2) different processes

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Example for flowsheet development -2

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Example for flowsheet development - 3

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Example for flowsheet development – Acetic acid - 4

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Introduction to
unit operations and unit processes

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Unit Operations and Unit Processes

• The physical steps are called unit operations.


• The chemical steps are called unit processes or simply “processes”.

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unit operations

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Unit Operation - definition
• The process of conversion of raw material to useful product comprises of
many steps.
• Some steps are required to make raw materials ready for processing.
• Some steps are required to bring the final product to desired form.
• These steps are called UNIT OPERATIONS.

Properties of Unit Operations


1) Unit operation are physical steps to accomplish transformation of raw
material into useful products.
2) They are used in almost all chemical industries.
3) Basic concept behind a unit operation is always same
4) but the method of application may varies due the prevailing conditions.
5) The property behind the separation in unit operation is called driving force.

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Classification of Unit Operations and Examples

FOUR MAJOR CLASSES Some important unit operations in


• Mechanical Operations: Unit chemical industries are:
operations based on some external • Distillation
mechanical force. • Drying
• Fluid Flow Operations: Unit • Evaporation
operations where momentum gradient • Absorption
is driving force. • Desorption
• Heat Transfer Operation: Unit • Adsorption
operations where temperature • Liquid-Liquid Extraction
difference is driving force. • Solid-Liquid Extraction (Leaching)
• Mass Transfer Operations: Unit • Crystallization
operations where concentration etc
gradient is driving force.
Unit Processes

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Unit Process - definition

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Unit Processes – schematic diagram
A process can have many unit operations to obtain the desired product.

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Differentiate between Unit Operations and Unit Processes

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To be continued in next session

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