SUBJECT: MATHEMATICAL LITERACY

GRADE 12

2023 WINTER CLASSSES

TEACHER AND LEARNER CONTENT MANUAL

Week 2 Topics
▪ Scale
▪ Maps
▪ Plans
▪ Measurement

Page 1 of 64
 MATHEMATICAL LITERACY PROGRAMME FOR 2023 WINTER CLASSES

STRUCTURE OF EXAMINATION
PAPER TOPICS TOTAL MARKS WEIGHTING
Finance ±90 ± 60 %
PAPER 1: Data Handling ±53 ± 35 %
(FINANCE & DATA HANDLING)
Probability 7 5%
TOTAL ±4 ± 32%

Measurement ± 83 ± 55%
PAPER 2:
(MEASUREMENT, MAPS, PLANS & Maps, Plans and Scale ± 60 ± 40%
SCALES)
Probability 7 5%
TOTAL 150 ±100%

Pre-test and Post-test to be administered since it’s a revision of Term 1 & 2.

Page 2 of 64
CONTENTS PAGE

TOPIC 4: Maps, Plans & other representations of the physical

world

 Scale
 Maps 05 - 34
 Plans

TOPIC 5: Measurement

 Perimeter
 Area
 Surface Area 35 - 63
 Volume

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 ICON DESCRIPTION

MIND MAP EXAMINATION GUIDELINE CONTENTS ACTIVITIES

BIBLIOGRAPHY TERMINOLOGY STEPS

WORKED EXAMPLES

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 LESSON OBJECTIVES

Scale
Learners must be able to:
1. Work with two types of scales on maps, plans and in construction of
models.
2. Calculate actual length and distance when map and/or plan measurements
are known.
3. Calculate map and/or plan measurement when actual lengths and distances
are known using a given scale.
4. Determine the most appropriate scale in which to draw; construct a map,
plan and /or models.
5. Determine the scale in which a map/or plan has been drawn.

Maps
Learners must be able to:
1. Describe the position of an object in relation to the surrounding objects.
2. Find locations, follow directions, and develop directions for travelling
between two or more locations.
3. Estimate distances using measurement given.
4. Estimate the time it will take to travel between two or more locations.
5. Estimate the amount and cost of fuel that will be used to travel between two
or more locations.
6. Estimate the average speed travelled during a trip.
7. Determine appropriate stopping locations.
8. Plan and cost trips using timetables, fare charts, distance charts and
budget.
9. Work with combination of maps showing different perspective and scale.
10. Interpret compass directions in the context of appropriate maps and plans.
11. Understand directions and signboards on roads and in map books.
12. Interpret elevation plans of building

Plans
Learners must be able to:
1. Different types of plans
2. Seating plan/layout of a classroom
3. Layout of buildings or sport fields at school
4. Layout of stores in shopping centres
5. Seating plans for cinemas and a sports stadium

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Scale, Maps and Plans
How does the three sections link.

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SCALE, MAPS AND PLANS: EXAMINATION GUIDELINE
Section Level 1: Knowing Level 2: Applying routine Level 3: Applying multi- Level 4: Reasoning and
procedures in familiar step procedures in a reflecting
contexts variety of contexts
Scale • Explain the meaning of • Use a given scale to • Use a given scale in • Critique the scale in
a given scale, (e.g. determine actual conjunction with which an object has been
explain what the scale 1 measurements when measurement on a drawn and offer an opinion
:100 means in terms of given measured values, plan/map to determine as to a more appropriate
the measurements on a or measured values length/dimensions. scale.
plan and actual from given actual • Determine the scale of a • Decide on an appropriate
dimensions). values. map or plan. scale to which to draw a
• Use a given scale in picture or build a model,
conjunction with other and then complete the
content or skills to project.
complete a project (e.g.,
use a given scale to
determine the dimensions
in which to draw a 2-
dimensional plan of an
object, and then draw the
plan).
Maps • Identify the • Identify the position of • Use a map in conjunction • Critique a proposed travel
labels/names of national two locations on a map with a distance chart to route in relation to distance,
roads (e.g., N3) that and use given distance determine the shortest estimated travelling times,
must be travelled on to values on the map to route to travel between two etc. and suggest and justify
travel between two determine the travelling locations. possible alternative routes.
locations. distance between the • Identify a possible route • Use maps in conjunction
• Identify the names of two locations. between two locations on a with other travel resources
the towns on the route • Interpret a given set of map, measure the distance (e.g. exchange rate
between two locations. directions and describe between the locations, and information; distance chart;
use a given scale to bus timetable) and financial

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 • Identify the scale of a what location the estimate the distance information (e.g. fare
map. directions lead to. between the two locations. tables; petrol price) to plan
• Provide a set of • Estimate travelling times and cost a trip).
directions to travel between two or more • Make decisions regarding
between two locations locations based on appropriate stopping points
in a town using street estimated travelling speed during a journey based on
names. and known or calculated considerations of fatigue,
distances. petrol consumption
travelling time, etc.
Plans • Identify the scale of a • Use a given key to • Measure dimensions on a • Describe an item
plan. identify the number of plan and use a given scale represented in a plan.
• Define terms (e.g. floor windows/doors/rooms to determine actual • Critique the design of a
plan; elevation plan; shown on a plan for a dimensions. structure shown on a plan.
layout plan; etc.). building. • Use plans in conjunction • Decide on an appropriate
• Read off the value(s) of • Identify on which plan a with other content, skills or scale in which to draw a
given dimensions on the particular structure is applications to complete a plan and then draw the
plan (e.g. the length of shown (e.g. the door is project (e.g. interpret plans plan.
the wall is 4 m). shown on the North to determine the • Make connections
elevation plan). dimensions of a room in between plans showing
order to establish the different views of the same
amount of carpet needed structure (e.g. explain
for the floor of the room). which wall shown on a floor
plan is represented on a
particular side view plan).

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IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY
Scale, Maps and Plans
Dimensions The measurements of an object which describes its size and
shape, in terms of its length, width(breath) and height.
Numeric
Scale/Number A scale that is written in a ratio format. E.g., 1:100
Scale
Scale factor The factor by which each dimension of the actual object is
either reduced (for very large objects) or enlarged (for very
small object).
e.g., 1:100…… where 100 is the scale factor
Bar Scale Also known as Linear scale. A map element that graphically
represents the scale of a map by means of a line with ruler
marking and units that are proportional to the scale.
Map Two-dimensional representation of an area of the earth’s
surface. E.g., map of South Africa.
Plan A more detailed representation of a smaller area, often
showing landmarks or objects. E.g., seating plan of a soccer
stadium.
Compass The four directions or cardinal points are the four main
Direction compass directions: north, east, south, and west
Grid Reference A map that has been divided up in rows and columns, forming
a grid, which is labelled alphabetically or numerically and is
used to easily reference a particular area or point on the map.
Strip map/chart A linear map, not drawn to scale, represents the approximate
distances between major towns along a main road, as well s
the general direction in which the major towns lie relative to
the main road.
Distance table A table which indicates the approximate distances between
different towns.
Transport Map A map which indicates the transport routes that a bus/taxi/train
takes, together with its stops along the route.

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 SCALE
What is a Scale?
A scale represents the relationship between a measurement on a model and the
corresponding measurement on the actual object.

Types of Scales
Number Scale Bar Scale
Number Scales are always written in Also known as a linear scale, it is a means
the form. of visually showing the scale of the map.
1 : 100 Example of a bar scale
Map : Reality
This means that 1 unit on the map
equals 100 units in reality

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF EACH TYPE OF SCALE

Types of Advantages Disadvantages
Scale
Bar Scale • Are quick and easy to use. • Measurements (using a ruler,
• You may be able to determine string or markings) obtained
actual lengths and distances using bar scales tend to be less
without doing calculations. accurate.
• Bar scales may still require
calculation to determine the
actual lengths and distances.
Number • Are more accurate than bar • Number scales require the use
Scale scales. of calculators in determining
• Are more convenient to use actual distances.
when working with small • With digital printing number
scales. scales become inaccurate and if
there is resizing of the map or
plan.

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Worked Example

1.1 Mr. Moeketsi teaches his grade 10 Mathematical Literacy class about
scales. He uses figure 1 and figure 2 in his teaching.
Figure 1 Figure 2

1:50

Use figure 1 and figure 2 above to answer the questions that follow.

1.1.1 Write down the name of each scale in figure 1 and figure 2.

Possible Answer:

Figure 1: Number Scale

Figure 2: Bar Scale (2)

1.1.2 Which of the following statement best describe a scale in figure

2.?

(a) One segment of the scale measures 50 units in reality

(b) One unit on the map represent fifty units in reality

(c) If the map is resized the scale remains accurate (2)

Possible answer

(c) If the map is resized the scale remains accurate

1.2 A numeric scale is given as 1: 100. Explain what the scale 1:100 means.

Possible answer

This means that every 1 unit on the plan is equivalent to 100 units
in real life.

OR: The map is 100 times smaller than real life.

OR: Real life is 100 times bigger than on the map. (2)

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1.3 If the distance between Qwaqwa and Matatiele map is 15 cm on a map,
determine the real distance in km between the two towns if the scale on
the map is 1: 3 750 000.

Possible Answer
Distance (in km) = 15 cm × 3 750 000
= 56 250 000 ÷ 100 000
= 562,5 km (3)

1.4 Mr Smith wants to renovate his living room by putting a new carpet. The
area of the living room is 26, 68 m2. The floor plan of a living room is
shown below. Use the plan to answer the questions.

1.4.1 What does the scale 1:100 mean?

Possible Answer

This means that every 1 unit on the plan is equivalent to 100

units in real life.

OR: The map is 100 times smaller than real life.

OR: Real life is 100 times bigger than on the map. (2)

1.4.2 The length of the living room is 7,3 cm. Use the scale given to
determine the actual length. Give your answer in meters.

Possible answer

7,3 cm × 100
= 730 cm
= 7,3 m (3)

1.4.3 Determine the cost of carpeting the living room, if the carpet cost
R149,00 per m2

Possible answer
27 m2 × R149,00 = R 4 023 (3)

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ACTIVITY 1: Bar and Number Scale
(22 marks: 20 minutes)
1.1 On a map the scale is shown as 50 cm : 100 km. Use this information
to answer the questions that follow

1.1.1 Write down the given scale in words. (2)

1.1.2 Express the given scale in the form of 1 : … (3)

1.2 The map of Mkhuze Game Reserve is shown below. Use the map to
answer the questions that follow.

1.2.1 Identify the type of scale used on the map. (2)

1.2.2 Explain the meaning of the scale. (2)

1.2.3 Determine the missing value:

… mm = 12 km (2)

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1.3 Mr Stuart, Mathematical Literacy educator used the picture below to
explain the advantage of using the scale below.

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

1.3.1 Name the type of scale illustrated above. (2)

1.3.2 Convert the given scale to number scale. (4)

1.3.3 Use your answer in QUESTION 2.1.2 to explain the meaning of (2)
the scale.

1.3.4 Considering the given scale and a number scale. Which scale
will be appropriate to build a model? Give a reason for your
answer. (3)

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 MAPS
What is a Map?
A map is a two-dimensional representation of an area of the earth’s surface, e.g.
country map; street map; building map, etc.
Relative positions on a map is used when describing the position or directions to
someone in relation to surrounding landmarks. Key words that must be used include
left; right; up; down; in front of; behind; and the compass directions
which are also known as cardinal points [i.e. North(N), South(S), East(E)
and West(W)]

Types of Maps
National road maps National and Provincial Road Map

Street Map with Grid reference Residential or Housing maps

Rail Map Strip Map/Chart

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 Elevation Map

Route Map Regional Map

Points to consider when working with maps.

1. Identify the scale of the map.

2. Check the position of the compass direction (check where the North is
pointing).
3. Read the key.
4. Identify labels/names of national and provincial roads.
5. Identify the names of towns on the route between two locations.
6. Interpret a given set of directions and describe what location the direction
leads to.

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Worked Example

1.1 Study the map on ANNEXURE B that shows the sample points for
testing Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Blue Green Algae counts per 100
mℓ. Answer the questions that follow.
Gauteng

Free State

1.1.1 Give the names of the provinces appearing on the map. (2)

Possible answer:
Gauteng and Free State

1.1.2 Write down the total number of bridges found upstream (North
East) of the R59 bridge. (2)

Possible Answer: Two

1.1.3 The distance between the R59 Bridge and Railway Bridge is 3
km. Calculate the distance on the map if the scale is 1: 25 000. (3)
Give your answer in cm.

Possible answer:
1 : 25 000
𝟑
Scaled length = 𝟐𝟓 𝟎𝟎𝟎
= 0,00012 km
In cm = 0,00012 x 10 000
= 12 cm

1.1.4 Give the general direction of Sasolburg from Sebokeng. (2)

Possible answer:
South East

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1.2 Use the map of Johannesburg to Maputo to answer the following
questions.

1.2.1 Write down the name of the map used above. (2)

Possible answer
Strip Chart/Map

1.2.2 Write down all the national roads shown on the map. (2)

Possible answer
N1, N4, N12, N11,

1.2.3 Write down the distance from Johannesburg to Nelspruit (2)

Possible Answer
330 km

1.2.4 Determine the distance between Maputo and Machadodorp. (2)

Possible answer
333km
OR
535 – 202
= 333km

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1.2.5 On her way to Maputo Jolie had to go to Pilgrim’s Rest to pick up
her cousin. She used the following roads, N12, R540, R37, R527
and R40. Show by means of calculations that she will travel a
total distance of 877km. (5)

Possible answer
Johannesburg to Belfast = 180km
Belfast to Dullstroom = 28km + 38km
Dullstroom to Lydenburg = 63km
Lydensburg to Sabie = 56km
Sabie to Pilgrim’s rest = 25km + 15km
Pilgrim’s rest to Hoedspruit = 57km + 70km
Hoedspruit to Nelspruit = 48km + 87km + 48km + 20 km
Nelspruit to Maputo = 205km
Total distance = 180km + 28km + 38km + 56km + 25km +
15km + 57km + 70km + 48km + 87km +
48km + 20 km + 205km
= 877 km

1.2.6 On her way back, she stopped at Komatipoort. She then drives
on the N4 towards Johannesburg. After approximately 107 km
she turns to her right. She continues for approximately 68 km
she turns left. After traveling for approximately 47km she arrives
at her destination. Give the name of the town she is at. (2)

Possible answer
Sabie

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ACTIVITY 2: Provincial and Strip Map/Chart
(35 marks: 30 minutes)
1.1 Ms Kekana is planning an excursion for her tourism learners. She found the
map that shows parts of Free State, Mpumalanga and Kwa-Zulu Natal on the
internet, to plan for the trip. Use the map below to answer the questions that
follow.

1: 2 000 000

1.1.1 Give the grid reference of Newcastle. (2)

1.1.2 Which National Road passes through Ladysmith? (2)

1.1.3 Give the compass direction of Vrede relative to Reitz. (2)

1.1.4 Use the given scale to calculate the actual kilometres if the
distance on the map is 12 cm. (2)

1.1.5 The actual distance between Frankfort and Reitz is 68 km.

Calculate the scaled distance (in mm) on the map between the
two places. (2)

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1.2 Mrs Heins and her husband are residing in Prince Albert. They plan to
visit Cape Town for a week. On ANNEXURE A is the map that they use
to plan their journey.

Use ANNEXURE A to answer the questions that follow.

1.2.1 Identify the type of a map that is indicated on ANNEXURE A. (2)

1.2.2 How many regional (provincial) roads are shown on the map? (2)

1.2.3 Write down the probability (as a common fraction) of randomly

selecting Tsitsikamma National Park from the National Parks on
a map? (2)

1.2.4 Calculate the total distance if the family travel via Ladysmith and
Riversdale, then follow the N2. The family also pick up one
relative in Hermanus. (3)

1.2.5 The family is travelling at an average speed of 100 km/h, if they

left Prince Albert at 13:15, what time will the family arrive in Cape
Town, after picking a family member in Hermanus. The total
stopping time is 30 minutes.

The following formula may be used:

𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞
Speed = (5)
𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞

1.2.6 The distance from George to Oudtshoorn on the map is bigger

than the distance from Oudtshoorn to Prince Albert but the
kilometres that are indicated on the map from George to
Oudtshoorn are smaller than kilometres from Oudtshoorn to
Prince Albert. Give a reason for this. (2)

1.2.7 Write down all the roads that the family will use to travel on
from their hometown following the route described in Question
1.2.4 to Cape Town. (4)

1.2.8 The petrol consumption of Mrs Heins’s car is 5,9 ℓ per 100 km.
Mrs Heins claims that for a single trip, it will cost her less than
R800 for fuel if petrol cost is R19,79/ℓ.

Verify, with calculations whether her statement is valid. (5)

Page 21 of 64
ANNEXURE A
THE MAP USED TO PLAN THE TRIP FROM PRINCE ALBERT TO CAPE TOWN

[Source: docplayer.net]
NOTE: NP is a National Park

Page 22 of 64
Worked Example

1.1 The Comrades Marathon is one of the World’s most famous marathons.
It is run between Durban and Pietermaritzburg in South Africa every
year. The direction of the route alternates each year between these two
cities. The elevation map of the 2021 Comrades Marathon is shown
below.

Use the map and the given information to answer the questions that
follow:

1.1.1 How long (in km) is the Comrades Marathon? (2)

Possible answer:
89km

1.1.2 From which city will the 2022 Comrades Marathon start? (2)

Possible Answer:
Durban

1.1.3 What is the height above sea level in km of the highest point of
the marathon? (3)

Possible answer:
810 m ÷ 1 000
= 0.81km

1.1.4 The route from Pietermaritzburg to Durban is called a DOWN

RUN. Give a reason for this name. (2)

Possible answer:
Because it starts at high altitude and end at low altitude.

Page 23 of 64
 1.1.5 Which place is situated approximately at the halfway point of the
marathon?

Possible Answer:
Drummond

1.1.6 The Comrades Marathon starts at 05:30 in the morning. Tete

Dijana won the 2021 marathon, from Pietermaritzburg to
Durban, with the running time of 5:30:35. The results for the
other four runners from position two to five are shown below. (2)

Position Name Finishing Time

1. Tete Dijana 05:30:37
2. Edward Mothibi 05:33:45
3. Dan Matshailwe 05:36:24
4. Bongmusa 05:38:06
Mthembu
5. Johannes Makgetla 05:41:35

Calculate how much longer did it take for Johannes Makgetla to

get to the finishing line after Tete Dijana.

Possible answer:
05:41:35 – 05:30:37 = 00:10:58

1.2 Busisiwe participated in a Vhi Women's Mini Marathon. ANNEXURE A

shows the route for the mini marathon.

Use ANNEXURE A and the information above to answer the questions

that follow.

1.2.1 Write down the total distance for the marathon in m. (2)

Possible Answer:
9K + 1K = 10K
10K x 1 000
10 000 m

1.2.2 Busisiwe started practising 65 days prior the marathon date. Use
the 2022 calendar attached to the ANNEXURE to write down the
exact date she started practising.

Possible answer: (3)

April = 29 days
May = 31 days
June = 5 days
Total = 65
Date = 02 April

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1.2.3 Write down the starting time of the mini-marathon using the 24-
hour format. (2)
Possible answer:
14:00

1.2.4 State which mode of transport is NOT allowed on the mini- (2)
marathon route.

Possible answer
Bicycle

1.2.5 The distance of a standard marathon is 42,2 km.

(a) Determine, in simplified form, what fraction of a standard

marathon the Vhi Women's Mini Marathon is. (4)

Possible answer:
𝟏𝟎
Fraction = 𝟒𝟐,𝟐
𝟓𝟎
= 𝟐𝟏𝟏
OR

In metres
10 000 metres and 42 200 metres
𝟏𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎
Fraction = 𝟒𝟐 𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝟓𝟎
= 𝟐𝟏𝟏

(b) Give ONE reason why the Vhi Women's Mini Marathon is
called a mini-marathon. (2)

Possible Answer:
The distance is less than a full marathon.
OR
It is shorter than a standard marathon.
OR
It is a fraction of a full marathon

Page 25 of 64
ANNEXURE A

2022 Calendar

Page 26 of 64
ACTIVITY 3: Elevation and Route Map
(22 marks:20 minutes)
1.1 The Comrades Marathon is an ultra-marathon run between Durban and
Pietermaritzburg. The race starts at 05:30 and finishes at 17:30. The
Map below shows the distance of the Marathon from Durban to
Pietermaritzburg.

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow

1.1.1 Write down the total distance of the Marathon. (2)

1.1.2 Write down the name of the map shown above. (2)

1.1.3 A cut off point is a certain point which point the runners must
reach within a prescribed time so that they may continue their
participation in the Marathon

(a) Write down the cut-off point and time for the marathon (2)

(b) Calculate the distance from the cut-off point to the end of
the marathon (2)
1.1.4 Tebogo participated in the marathon, and he finished the
marathon in six and half hours. Calculate his average speed in
km/h.

𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞
You may use the formula: Average Speed = (3)
𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞

Page 27 of 64
1.2 Below is a simplified route map of the Los Angeles Marathon (LAM) in
the United States of American. The LAM route is 26,2 miles.

Use the information above to answer the question that follow.

1.2.1 Explain the meaning of route map using the context above. (2)

1.2.2 Convert the total distance of the Marathon to km.

Note: 1 mile = 1,609344 km (3)

1.2.3 Write down the general direction in which the runners will face
when they start in Flower Street (2)

1.2.4 The runners in the Los Angeles Marathon have to pass

underneath a bridge at certain points during the marathon

(a) Explain how this is indicated on the route map. (2)

(b) Write down the number of times that a runner who

completes the marathon will pass underneath the bridge. (2)

Page 28 of 64
 PLANS
ACTIVITY 4: Seating Plan
(23 marks:20minutes)
1.1 For 2021 National Senior Certificate examination, Samuel Johnson
Secondary School used the seating plan shown below for learners who
wrote their examination. The department of education provided each
learner with the 12-digit examination number as indicated in the boxes.

2022 EXAMINANITION SEATING PLAN

1.1.1 Write down the total number of learners who wrote the National
Senior Certificate during the year 2022. (2)

1.1.2 Write down the examination number of the learner seating at

column 3 row 5 (2)

1.1.3 Determine the general direction of the emergency exit from where
Mandla sat. (2)

Page 29 of 64
 1.1.4 Mandla and learner 26 raised their hands simultaneously for the
invigilator to attend to them.
• The invigilator moved from her desk, moved in front on
learner 14 and 21, then turned to the north between
learner 21 and 28.
• After passing learner 27, she managed to attend learner
26 on the west side.
• She then moved between learner 18 and learner 19
towards the west until she reached learner 11.
• She then turned towards the north direction passing
learner 10. She managed to get to Mandla who was on her
east side.
Use the ANSWER SHEET below to draw the route she will take
from her table to get to the two learners. (4)

1.2 A seating plan of a double decker tourist bus is shown below.

[Source: berryscoaches.co.uk]

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

1.2.1 On which deck of the bus is the toilet located? (2)

1.2.2 Determine the total number of seats found on the upper deck. (2)

1.2.3 Calculate the percentage of seats marked with odd numbers. (3)

1.2.4 Identify a row that will have passengers seated at the front of the
bus with total view of the road ahead and without any
obstructions. (2)

Page 30 of 64
ANSWERSHEET
2022 EXAMINATION SEATING PLAN

Page 31 of 64
ACTIVITY 5: Seating and Layout Plans
(24 marks:20minutes)
1.1 Nico and his friends visited Bloemfontein to watch a rugby match. While in
Bloemfontein, they decided to go to Mimosa mall. The layout of Mimosa mall is shown
on ANNEXURE A.

1.1.1 How many toilet areas are on the upper level? (2)

1.1.2 On which level are the food courts located? (2)

1.1.3 Name the isle that Nico and his friends will pass if they use the entrance
on the Melville drive. (2)

1.1.4 In which general direction is the food area from the green level
parking? (2)

1.2 Study the seating plan of an airplane on ANNEXURE B and answer the questions that
follow.

1.2.1 How many exit doors are indicated on the seating plan? (2)

1.2.2 Write down the row numbers of the Economy Plus class seats that have in-
seat power. (2)

1.2.3 The actual length of the airplane (from the cockpit to the end of the passenger
cabin) is given as 50 m. If the scale of the seating plan is 1: 200, calculate
the length of the airplane on the seating plan in mm. (4)

1.3 Below is the layout plan of the inside cabin of a small aeroplane. All the passenger seats
face the front except the seat of the airhostess. On all flights there will be an airhostess.
Back

Front

[Adapted from www.airlink.com]

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

1.3.1 Explain the meaning of a layout plan. (2)

1.3.2 Calculate the maximum number of passenger seats available in this

aeroplane (2)

Page 32 of 64
 1.3.3 Stofile is seated in D1. He gets out of his seat and walks past his seat
and two more seats towards the back to talk to his friend who is seated
on Stofile's right-hand side.
Using the same notation as Stofile’s seat, write down the seat number
of his friend. (2)

1.3.4 During the flight, passengers are allowed to choose a light snack and a
drink. The choices are as follows: a muffin or a sandwich with a cola,
a juice or bottled water.
Write down the number of options they can choose from. (2)

ANNEXURE A

Page 33 of 64
ANNEXURE B

Page 34 of 64
MEASUREMENT

LESSON OBJECTIVES

Measurement
Learners must be able to:

1. Use the correct terminology when working with Measurements.

2. Estimate and measure using the correct units.
3. Convert between various units of measurement.
4. Calculate Perimeter / Circumference, Area, TSA, Volume and Capacity.
5. Substitute correctly into the given formulae.
6. Apply the knowledge of measurement to calculate cost of products be able to
draw conclusions based on previous calculations.

MEASUREMENT: LIST OF SECTIONS

Conversions

Volume Measurement Perimeter

Area/TSA

Page 35 of 64
MEASUREMENT: EXAMINATION GUIDELINES

Section Level 1: Knowing Level 2: Applying routine Level 3: Applying multi- Level 4: Reasoning and
procedures in familiar step procedures in a reflecting
contexts variety of contexts
Perimeter, • Define terms (e.g., • Calculate perimeter, • Perform preliminary • Use perimeter, area
area and 'area', 'perimeter', area and volume by calculations to and/or volume
volume 'volume', 'radius'). substituting given determine dimensions calculations to
• Identify from a list of values into given required in complete a project,
given formulae which formulae. perimeter/area/volume where it is not stated
formulae relate to • Describe relationships calculations and then specifically what type
perimeter calculations, between input and calculate of calculation is
which relate to area output values in a perimeter/area/volume required, (e.g. when
calculations, etc. table of data (e.g. when asked to asked to determine
• Determine the radius concerning space, determine the volume the amount of paint
of a circle from a given shape and of concrete needed for needed to paint a
diameter. measurement. the foundations of a building, first interpret
• Know that area is house, interpret top plans to determine
expressed in units2 view plans of the dimensions of the
(e.g., cm2) and volume foundation trench of a walls, then calculate
in units3 (e.g., cm3). house, use the plans the surface area of the
• Know and use to determine the walls, then use the
formulae for perimeter, dimensions of the paint conversion ratio
area and volume. trench, and then on the back of the
calculate the volume paint tin to determine
of the trench). the required number of
litres of paint
required).

Page 36 of 64
IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY

Measurement
Distance Length of a line joining any two points.

Actual/true/real Real distance between any two points.

distance
Radius A straight line from the centre to the circumference of a circle
or sphere
Diameter A straight line passing from side to side through the centre of a
body or figure, especially a circle or sphere.
Circumference The distance around the edge of a circle (or any curvy shape).

Two- It is a shape with length and width (breadth), without the

dimensional
height. Examples of such shapes are, a page of a book or
shape
ordinary page, a floor of a room, a circle.

Area The amount of space inside the boundary of a flat (2-

dimensional) object (It is measured in square units e.g., m2,
cm2, etc.)

Perimeter is the total length/distance around a shape or around the

boundary. Perimeter of a circle is called the circumference.

Prism A 3-dimesional shape that has the same shape (and size) on
both ends an the same thickness along the entire shape.

Surface Area It is the sum of the areas of all faces of the shape. By
calculating the surface area you can be able to know the
amount of material needed to build or make the particular
shape or object.

Volume is the amount of space that an object or substance occupies.

Page 37 of 64
 Perimeter
What is Perimeter?
- Is the total length/distance around a shape or around the boundary.

Understanding Perimeter
- It is a distance around a shape.
- Measured units are mm, cm, m and km.
- Perimeter of a circle is called the circumference.
- Shapes are one dimensional.

Square Rectangle Triangle Circle

How to calculate Perimeter

- For any shape with straight lines: Add the lengths of all the sides.
- For specific shapes like, square, rectangle and circle: A formula will always be
provided.

Note: Make sure that all units are the same before you start with
your calculations.
Rectangle
800 mm

162 cm

Perimeter = 2 x (length + width) Perimeter = 2 x ( length + width)

= 2 x (162 cm + 800 mm) = 2 x (1620 mm + 800 mm)
= 1924 mm = 4840 mm

Page 38 of 64
Shapes involved when calculating Perimeter:
Shape Perimeter Formula

Perimeter
= 2 x length + 2 x width
Rectangle

Perimeter = 4 x length

OR
Square
Perimeter = 4 x sides

Perimeter =
Length 1 + length 2 + length 3
Triangle

Perimeter (Circumference)
= π x (2 x radius)

OR
Circle
Perimeter (Circumference)
= π x diameter

Note π = 3,142

Page 39 of 64
ACTIVITY 1: Perimeter
(25 marks:20 minutes)
1.1 Sam would like to design a vegetable garden. The measurements (dimensions)
of Sam’s vegetable garden are given below:

2m

5,5 m

8,5 m
Gate
6m

Width of the gate = 1 m

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

1.1.1 Define the term perimeter according to the given context. (2)

1.1.2 Calculate the perimeter of the garden (3)

1.1.3 Sam would like to put a fence around his vegetable garden. Each
panel is 1,5 m wide and can be cut up into smaller pieces. How many
panels does he need? Show all your calculations. (4)

1.2 Consider the fence surrounding the fishpond is placed about 1,5m away from
the pond.As indicated below:

1.2.1 Explain the term perimeter according to the context given above. (2)

Page 40 of 64
1.2.2 Determine the perimeter of the fence. (4)

1.2.3 Determine the cost if the fencing is sold in 5m rollsfor R162,50 per roll. (4)

1.2.4 Determine how many poles are required to hold thefence if the
poles are to be spaced with a maximum space of 1,8 m and if
there is to be a pole on every corner. (3)

1.2.5 Calculate how much will all the poles cost if they sold in groups of
6 for R500 (3)

Page 41 of 64
Area
What is an area?
- The amount of space inside the boundary of a flat (2-dimensional) object

Understanding Area
- Shapes are two dimensional (2D).
- It is measured in square units, e.g., cm2, m2, mm2, etc)

Area of a square, rectangle, triangle, and circle.

Shape Area (A) Worked Examples

Square

Area = side x side 𝟓𝒄𝒎

= (side)2
𝟓𝒄𝒎

Area = side x side

= 5cm x 5cm
= 25cm2

Rectangle
𝟓𝒄𝒎

Area = length x breadth 𝟖𝒄𝒎

Area = length x breadth

= 8cm x 5 cm
= 40cm2

Triangle

Area
1
= × base × perpendicular height
Height

Base Area
1
= × base × perpendicular height
2
1
= 2 x 25 cm x 18 cm
= 225 cm2

Page 42 of 64
Circle

Area = 𝜋 x radius2
= 𝜋 x r2

Area = 𝜋 x radius2
= 𝜋 x r2
= 3,142 x 92
= 254,5 cm2

Working with Area

- When working with complex shape, break it down into smaller (basic) shapes.
- Add all the areas of the smaller (basic) shapes to get the area of the complex
shape.
- Make sure that all the units are the same.
- Rounding must only be done at the end of the calculations.
- Rounding must always be done according to the context.

Page 43 of 64
 Surface Area
What is Surface Area?
- The total exterior area of all the exposed surface area a 3D object.

Understanding Area
- Shapes are three dimensional (3D).
- The difference between the total surface area (TSA) and area is that the total
surface area refers to 3D objects and the area refers to 2D objects.
- It is measured in square units, e.g., cm2, m2, mm2, etc)

Total Surface Area of a rectangular prism and cylinder.

Shape Total Surface Area (TSA) Worked Examples

Cube

Total Surface Area (TSA) Total Surface Area (TSA)

= 6 x side = 6 x side
= 6 x 12
= 72 units2

3. A man is remodelling his garden and decides to create a simple swimming pool. He
plans to dig a rectangular
Rectangular hole and line it with spray-on cement.
Prism
Total Surface Area (TSA) Total Surface Area (TSA)
= (2 x length x breadth) + = (2 x 5m x 3m) + (2 x 5m
(2 x length x height) + x 1,5m) + (2 x 3m x 1,5m)
(2 x breadth x height) = 54 m2
Cap.= 5000 l

3.1 Use the measurements

Length = 5m in the diagram alongside to calculate the volume of the
pool. Breadth = 3m
Height = 1,5m
3.2 During the winter, he plans to pump all of the water from the pool into a storage tank
(such as the one in the picture alongside). The large storage tank can hold 5000litres
of water. If a full tank was emptied into his pool, how high would the water level be?
Answer in m. (1 m3 = 1 000 (cm3))

Page 44 of 64
 Triangular Prism
Total Surface Area Total Surface Area =
1 2 x (½ x 10 x 12) +
= 2 x (2 x breadth x height)
(13 + 13 + 10) x 14
+ (side + side + side) x
= 624 mm2
Height

Breadth = 10 mm
height = 12 mm
side = 13 mm
Height = 14 mm

Cylinder

Total Surface Area = Total Surface Area =

2 x (π x radius2) + (2 x 𝜋 x 2 x (3,142 x 22) + (2 x
radius) x height 3,142 x 2) x 5
= 87,976cm2
Where 𝜋 = 3,142

A case where the Total Surface Area is given and there is a missing value.
Total surface area = 87,976cm2

T.S.A = 2 x (π x radius2) + (2 x 𝜋 x radius) x height

87,976 cm2 = 2 x (3,142 x 22) + (2 x 3,142 x 2) x Height
Height

87,976 cm2 = 17,5952 x Height

87,976 cm2
= Height
17,5952cm

⸫ Height = 5 cm

Page 45 of 64
ACTIVITY 2: Area and Surface Area
(27 marks:25 minutes)
1.1 Joel’s father is a carpenter, and he was given a quotation with
imperial units by a client. Study the diagram below and answer the
questions that follow.

4 inch

3 inc
1.1.1 Write down the unit of measurement used in diagram above
in full. (2)

1.1.2 Calculate the area of the front view of the shape.

You may use the following formula:

𝟏 (3)
Area = 𝟐 × base × perpendicular height

1.1.3 Calculate the surface area of the following solid shape.

(slanted side = 5 inc)

You may use the following formula:

SA = 2 (½ base x height of triangle) + (S+S+S) x H (7)

1.1.4 In order to understand the dimensions clearly, Joel’s father

requested him to convert the measurement to cm. He gave
his father the following measurements.

Height = 22,86 cm
Base = 7,88 cm
height = 10,16
Slanted side = 10,1

Use the conversion factor given below to verify his answer.

1 inc = 2,54 cm (5

Page 46 of 64
1.2 The diagram below is an illustration of a barn. A barn is normally a
structure used on farms to store farming equipment.
(Not drawn to scale)
The area of each triangle is given as:
A= 24,5ft2

1.2.1 Calculate the surface area of the roof barn.

You may use the following formula:
SA = 2 (½ base x height of triangle) + (S+S+S) x h
(7)

1.2.2 Convert this measurement to square metres using the

following: 1ft2 = 0.09m2 (3)

1.2.3 Use the converted measurements to calculate the area of the

bottom part of the barn.

You may use the following formula:

Area = length x breadth (3)

1.2.4 The walls of the barn will be painted a different colour to the
roof. Calculate the amount of paint that will be needed if the
spread rate of the paint is 0,25 litres per 2m2 (10)

Page 47 of 64
 Volume
What is a Volume?
- The 3-dimensional space occupied by a gas, liquid, or a solid substance.

What is Capacity?

- The amount an object can hold.

E.g., the capacity of the stadium is how many spectators it can hold, whereas
the volume is the space they occupy.

Understanding Volume
- It is also known as Capacity.
- Shapes are three dimensional (3D).
- Units of a volume include ml; l and kl
- Units of a solid volume include: mm3, cm3, m3, km3

Total Surface Area of a rectangular prism and cylinder.

Shape Volume (V) Worked Examples
3. A man is remodelling his garden and decides to create a simple swimming pool. He
plans to dig a rectangular
Rectangular hole and line it with spray-on cement.
Prism

Volume = length x breadth x V = 5m x 3m x 1,5m

height = 22,2 m3

Cap.= 5000 l

3.1 Use the measurements

Length = 5m in the diagram alongside to calculate the volume of the
pool. Breadth = 3m
Height = 1,5m
3.2 During the winter, he plans to pump all of the water from the pool into a storage tank
(such as the one in the picture alongside). The large storage tank can hold 5000litres
of water. If a full tank was emptied into his pool, how high would the water level be?
Answer in m. (1 m3 = 1 000 (cm3))

Page 48 of 64
Triangular Prism

Volume = ½ × b × h × H V=½×b×h×H
= ½ × 12m x 3m x 8m
= 144m3

Base = 12m
height = 3m
Height =8m

Cylinder

Volume = π x radius2 x height V = 3,142 x (2 cm)2 x 5cm

= 62,84 cm3

Where 𝝅 = 3,142

Radius = 2cm
Height = 5 cm

Calculating Volume
- Make sure that units are the same before substituting into the given formula.
- When the diameter is given, divide it by two to get the radius before
substituting into the formula.
- (radius)2 does not mean “multiply by 2”.

e.g. 52 = 5 x 5 = 25

52 ≠ 5 x 2

Page 49 of 64
ACTIVITY 3: Volume
(13 marks:10 minutes)
1.1 Thomas buys a small fish tank from "Fish World" for R199,99. The
dimensions of the fish tank are 91 cm by 32 cm by 35 cm.

1.1.1 Calculate the volume of the tank in cm3 (3)

1.1.2 Convert the volume of the tank into m3. (3)

1.1.3 Determine how many litres of water will the tank hold when
full. (3)

1.2 Lebo purchased a cylindrical urn in which she can boil water. The
height of the urn is 60 cm and the radius is 20 cm, as shown below.

Calculate the volume of the water urn.

You may use the following formula:

Volume of cylinder = π x (radius)2 x height using π = 3,142. (4)

Page 50 of 64
ACTIVITY 4: Perimeter and Area
(20 marks:15 minutes)
1.1 The gate at the College has the following dimensions: height = 2,08 m and
length = 3,5 m.

1.1.1 Calculate the perimeter of the gate. (2)

1.1.2 Calculate the area occupied by the gate. You may use the
following formula: Area = length × height (2)

1.2 A diagram of the cricket pitch is shown below. Study the diagram and answer
the questions that follow.

1.2.1 Explain the term ‘perimeter’. (2)

1.2.2 Calculate the perimeter of the area where the players run during
cricket overs.

You may use the following formula:

Perimeter = 2 (length + width) (2)

1.2.3 Calculate the area (m2) of the cricket pitch.

You may use the following formula:

Area = Length × Width (3)

Page 51 of 64
1.3 Mr Phopa intends building an all-round rectangular flower garden bed made
of wood sheets as shown on the plan below.

Source:www:bin.com
KEY:
L=5m
LL = 7,5 m
W=5m
H = 500 mm

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

1.3.1 Calculate the perimeter of the garden bed above. (2)

1.3.2 Determine the area (in square meters) of side labelled K.

You may use the following formula:

Area = Length × Width (4)

1.3.3 The volume of soil that will be used to fill the flower bed to
capacity is 95 m3. Calculate the area of the area occupied by
the soil in the garden bed.

You may use the following formula:

Area of the base = Volume ÷ Height (3)

Page 52 of 64
ACTIVITY 5: Perimeter and Area
(25 marks:20 minutes)
1.1 Funza Primary School learners grow and sell vegetables from the school’s
food garden. The food garden is shown on ANNEXURE A.

Use the information on ANNEXURE A to answer the questions follow:

1.1.1 Determine the perimeter of the food garden.

You may use the following formula:

Perimeter of a rectangle = (2 × length) + (2 × breadth) (3)

1.1.2 Determine the Area (in m2) of the strawberry plot.

You may use the following formula:

Area of a rectangle = length × breadth (3)

1.1.3 The learners intend to pour organic compost over the strawberry plot.
One bag of compost costing R60,50 can cover an area of 3,5 m 2.

Determine the total cost to buy the compost to cover the strawberry plot. (5)

1.1.4 Potatoes are consumed by humans as biofuel, if 50kg of potatoes are

produced every season and 10kg can feed a family of 10 persons.

How many people/persons can be fed from the seasonal production? (3)

Page 53 of 64
1.2 A diagram with dimensions of a municipal soccer field is shown on below.

Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wekipedia/commons

Use diagram above to answer the questions that follow.

1.2.1 Explain the meaning of the term perimeter. (2)

1.2.2 Determine the perimeter of the soccer field.

You may use the following formula:

Perimeter = 2 (Length + Width) (2)

1.2.3 The municipality intends to put fertilizer on the lawn of both 18 yards areas.
Calculate the total area to be fertilized.

The following formula may be used:

Area = Length × Width (4)

1.2.4 One bag of fertilizer can cover an area of 10m2. Determine the number of
bags of fertilizer needed for the area specified in 1.2.3. (3)

Page 54 of 64
ANNEXURE A

Page 55 of 64
ACTIVITY 6: Volume
(27 marks:25 minutes)
1.1 Lethabo bought a 750 g tin of Nescafe Ricoffy for his family during lockdown.
Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

1.1.1 Write down the dimension of the radius. (2)

1.1.2 Explain the meaning of the term ‘volume’. (2)

1.1.3 Calculate the volume (in cm3) of the cylindrical Nescafe Ricoffy
coffee tin.

You may use the following formula:

Volume = π × radius × radius × height, where π = 3,142 (3)

1.2 Roseville College erects a Jojo water tank on a stand in order to save water
for Agricultural Science students. The photo of a Jojo water tank and prices
of stands are

1.2.1 Determine the radius in metres. (3)

Page 56 of 64
1.2.2 Calculate the volume of the tank in kilolitres (to the nearest
kilolitre). Show all calculations.
You may use the following formula:
Volume of a cylinder = π × radius2 × height use π = 3,142
NOTE: 1m3 = 1 kl (5)

1.2.3 The side length of the square platform is 5% more than the
diameter of the water tank. Calculate the area in m2 of the
square platform on which the tank stands. (5)

1.2.4 The College will buy a galvanized stand with a height of 4,5 m.
Calculate the VAT inclusive price of the stand. (2)

1.2.5 Calculate the common difference in heights of the three stands. (2)

1.2.6 Water is pumped at a rate of 1 kilolitre per 5 minutes into the

tank. How long will it take in hours to fill the tank with capacity of
2 500 kilolitres? (3)

Page 57 of 64
ACTIVITY 7: Area and Total Surface Area
(27 marks:25 minutes)
1.1 A cardboard box is used to pack a telescope. Study the diagram below
and answer the questions that follow.

1.1.1 Convert the length of the box to cm. (2)

1.1.2 Calculate the surface area in cm² of the box in which they will
pack the telescope.

You may use the following formula: (5)

SA = 2(l × b) + 2(b× h) + 2(l × h)

1.1.3 Write down the geometric shape of the box. (2)

1.1.4 The surface temperature of the planet Mars is −67℉. Convert

−67℉ to ℃.

You may use the following formula:

°C = (°F - 32) ÷ 1,8 (2)

Page 58 of 64
1.2 Koos lives in Pelican Road in Port Elizabeth. He is making a pentagonal post
box for a house as shown in the diagrams below:

The front and rear ends of the post box are regular pentagons with side lengths
equal 270mm. The bottom, the top and sides of the post box are rectangles
with a length 360mm and a breadth of 270mm.

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow:

1.2.1 Calculate the perimeter of ONE of the pentagonal ends of the

post box. (2)

1.2.2 Calculate the total surface area (in m2) of the post box (excluding
the openings for the newspaper and letter), if the following are
given:

SHAPE AREA
Pentagon 0,13m2
Letter opening 0,017m2
Newspaper opening 0,013m2

You may use the following formula:

Area of a rectangle = length × breadth

Total surface area of post box = 5 × areas of rectangles (side)

+ area of front + area of back (5)
1.2.3 A newspaper folded into a cylindrical shape has a diameter of 12
cm. The area of the newspaper opening of the post box is 0,013
m2. Show, with calculation, whether the folded newspaper will fit
in the newspaper opening of the post box.

You may use the following formula:

Area of a circle = π × radius2 and π = 3,142
(5)

Page 59 of 64
ACTIVITY 8: Perimeter, Area, Total Surface Area and Volume

(50 marks:45 minutes)

1.1 Tshego is renovating her home. She is removing the wooden-framed
windows and is replacing them with aluminium-framed windows.

The dimensions and the shape of two of the window frames are given
below. In the rectangular window frame, four windows can open.

It has three sections: A, B and C. The circular window frame has no

windows that can open.

RECTANGULAR WINDOW CIRCULAR WINDOW

FRAME FRAME

Outer dimensions of the window Inner diameter = 605 mm

frame:
Length A = 55 cm, B = 99 cm
and C = 55 cm. Width = 149 cm
[Source: www.premiumaluminium.co.za]

The following formulae may be used:

Area of a rectangle = length × width
Area of a circle = 3,142 × (radius)2
Perimeter of a rectangle = 2(length + width)
Circumference of a circle = 3,142 × diameter

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

1.1.1 Determine the perimeter of the rectangular window frame. (3)

1.1.2 Calculate the inner area in cm2 of the circular window frame. (4)

1.1.3 Calculate the area of the rectangular window frame. (3)

Page 60 of 64
1.2 Tshego also intends tiling the dining room and lounge floors.

The dimensions of the lounge floor are 4 m by 5 m and of the dining

room floor 3 m by 4 m.

Information and cost:

• Tshego intends using tiles that are 35 cm by 35 cm.
• One box of 4 tiles costs R143,84.
• Tile cement costs R99,90 per 20 kg bag, which covers 3 m2.
• She needs 4 bags of tile grout at R89,90 per 5 kg bag.
• The cost of labour is R2 500.
• Tshego's total budget for the tiling project is R15 000.

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

1.2.1 Show that the total floor area to be tiled is 32 m2.

You may use this formula:

Area of a rectangle = length × width (2)

1.2.2 Determine how many boxes of tiles Tshego will need if an extra
10% of the number of tiles must be added for cutting and (9)
breakages.

1.2.3 Show by means of calculations if Tshego's budget is enough to

finish the tiling project. (8)

Page 61 of 64
1.3 Tshego owns a company which manufactures the generators. Most of
the cinemas buy the generators so that they can continue showing the
movies during loadshedding. The diesel for the generator is stored in a
cylindrical diesel tank shown below.

CYLINDRICAL DIESEL TANK

[Source: abovegroundstoragetanks.com]

INFORMATION:
- The stand and all external attachments are made of stainless steel
and will not be painted.
- The base area of these external attachments is 1 m 2.
- 1 m 3 = 1 000 ℓ
- All dimensions shown are outer measurements

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

1.3.1 Calculate the perimeter of the diesel tank (3)

1.3.2 The steel used to make the tank is 5 mm thick all around. For
safety reasons, the tank is filled to 95% of its capacity.

(a) Show that the inner diameter of the tank is 3,21 m. (2)

(b) Calculate the maximum litres of diesel that this tank can
hold according to safety regulations.

You may use this formula:

Volume of a cylinder = 3,142 × (radius)2 × height
(8)

Page 62 of 64
1.3.3 The external surface area of the tank, excluding the base area
of the external attachments, needs to be painted. The spread
rate of the paint is 3 m2 /ℓ. The manager states that he would
need less than 30 litres of paint to complete the task.
Verify, by showing ALL calculations, whether the manager is
CORRECT.

You may use this formula:

Surface area of a cylinder (in m2) = 2 × 3,142 × r (r + h),

where r = radius and h = height. (8)

Page 63 of 64
Bibliography

1. 2021 Examination Guidelines

2. DBE Manual
3. Free State Daily Activities booklet
4. 2022 FS SBA Tasks
5. Eastern Cape 2012 P1
6. Western Cape 2016 P1
7. NSC/SC 2022 May/June 2021

Page 64 of 64