International Journalof Advanced Research in

Education and TechnologY(IJARETY)

Volume 11, Issue 3, May-June 2024

Impact Factor: 7.394

www.ijarety.in editor.ijarety@gmail.com
 DOI:10.15680/IJARETY.2024.1103009

IOT Based AC Controller

S. Boobalan1, P N. Arvindh2, P. Hariharan3, P. Manikandan4, S. Saravanan5
UG Students, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Muthayammal Engineering College,
Tamil Nadu, India.1,2,3
Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Muthayammal Engineering College,
Tamil Nadu, India.4
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Muthayammal Engineering College,
Tamil Nadu, India.5

ABSTARCT: One of the things that can cause a waste of electricity from operating air conditioning equipment, is the
operation of the equipment continuously, even though no one is in the room, or the homeowner forgets to turn off the
air conditioning equipment when leaving the house. For this reason, it is necessary to create a system that can control
the work of AC equipment remotely, by applying the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT), where control is carried out
via an androidsmart phone device. These controlsinclude on / off process, operating modes, so that equipment operation
is more effective and can avoid wasting electrical energy. The method used in this research is the prototyping method,
which includes the stages of literature studies, field studies and data collection, the design stages of both software and
hardware design for system requirements, the manufacturing stages of both hardware and software, and the system work
testing stage. The results show that the system created can carry out the process of controlling the work of air
conditioning equipment remotely via an Android Smartphone device, for the on / off process, setting the operating mode
and setting the air conditioning equipment. The practical goal of this paper has been to create a virtual, but practically
usable, android home automation system. The android mobile is used to send the commands to the Arduino to control all
thehome appliances.

I.INTRODUCTION

Things that can be done to minimize the waste of electrical energy from operating air conditioning equipment, is in
terms of controlling the work of the air conditioning equipment. Control can be done by adjusting the work of the air
conditioning equipment for the air conditioning process, based on the number of people in the room. In addition, regular
maintenance of air conditioning equipment must be considered, in order to get optimal work. From the description of
previous studies, in connection with the process of controlling the work of the air conditioner, it is still in the location
where the air conditioner is installed. The problem is that if the air conditioner forgets to turn it off and continues to
operate, it will have an impact on the consumption of electrical energy and can cause a waste of electricity. For this
reason, it is necessary to make a system prototype that can control the work of remote air conditioning equipment, by
utilizing the IoT concept, so that users can remote wherever the user is if they forget to turn off the air conditioner, in
order to avoid wasting electricity.

The process of controlling the work of AC equipment remotely is carried out via an Android smartphone media that has
been implanted with an Android application to control AC work. Air conditioningequipment work control includes: On
/ Off process, operating mode settings and temperature settings for AC equipment. The communication process
between the Android smartphone and the controller is done wirelessly via a web server application. In producing a
work control system for IoT- based air conditioning equipment, the method used is the prototyping method, where the
stages begin with a literature study which aims to obtain references in accordance with this research; Android, where
Android is a Linux-based operating system designed for touch screen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet
computers. In this study, android is used to create an application program for controlling the work of IoT-based air
conditioning equipment; The Arduino uno can be programmed with the Arduino software. At the ATMega328 on the
Arduino there is a boot loader that allows you to upload new code without using an external hardware programmer.
Arduino IDE is software written in Java. In this research, Arduino IDEsoftware is used as a medium in makingprograms
for the needs of IoT-based air conditioning equipment work control systems [9]; NodeMCU is an open source IoT
platform and development kit that uses the Lua programming language to assist in making IoT product prototypes or
can use sketch with the Adruino IDE. This development kit is based on the ESP8266 module, which integrates GPIO,
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation), IIC, 1-Wire and ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) all on one board. In this study,

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 DOI:10.15680/IJARETY.2024.1103009
NodeMCU ESP8266 is used as a controller and data processor in an IoT-based working control system for air
conditioning equipment. The next stage is the stage of designing and making the system, where at this stage the process
of designing and manufacturing hardware is carried out in the form of a system block diagram and software in the form
of a system work algorithm.

Internet of Things (IoT)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects or "things" embedde with electronics, software,
sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data. The Internet of Things
allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for
more direct integration between the physical world and computer- based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency,
accuracy and economic benefit. Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its embedded computing system but is
able to interoperate within theexisting Internet infrastructure. Experts estimate that the IoT will consist of almost 50
billion objects by 2020.

Figure.1. Internet of Things

British entrepreneur Kevin Ashton first coined the term in 1999 while working at Auto-ID Labs (originally called Auto-
ID centers - referring to a global network of Radio-frequency identification (RFID) connected objects). Typically,
IoT is expected to offer advanced connectivity of devices, systems, and services that goes beyond machine-to-machine
communications (M2M) and covers a variety of protocols, domains, and applications. The interconnection of these
embedded devices (including smart objects), is expected to usher in automation in nearly all fields, while also enabling
advanced applications like a Smart Grid, and expanding to the areas such as smart cities. "Things," in the IoT sense, can
refer to a wide variety of devices such as heart monitoring implants, biochip transponders on farm animals, electric
clams in coastal waters, automobiles with built-in sensors, DNA analysis devices for environmental/food/pathogen
monitoring or field operation devices that assist firefighters in search and rescue operations. These devices collect
useful data with the help of various existing technologies and then autonomously flow the data between other devices.
Current market examples include smart thermostat systems and washer/dryers that use Wi-Fi for remote
monitoring. Besides the plethora of new application areas for Internet connected automation to expand into, IoT is also
expected to generate large amounts of data from diverse locations that is aggregated very quickly, thereby increasing
the need to better index, store and process such data.

Cloud computing

Cloud computing, also known as on- demand computing, is a kind of Internet- based computing, where shared
resources, data and information are provided to computers and other devices on-demand. It is a model for enabling
ubiquitous, on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources. Cloud computing and storage
solutions provide users and enterprises with various capabilities to store and process their data in third-party data
centers. It relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economies of scale, similar to a utility (like the
electricity grid) over a network. At the foundation of cloud computing is the broader concept of converged
infrastructure and sharedservices.

Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly
provisioned and released with minimal management effort. Cloud computing, or in simpler shorthand just "the cloud",
also focuses on maximizingthe effectiveness of the shared resources.

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 DOI:10.15680/IJARETY.2024.1103009

Figure.2.Cloud Networking

Cloud resources are usually not only shared by multiare also dynamically reallocated per demand. This can work for
allocating resources to users. For example, a cloud computer facility that serves European users during European
business hours with a specific application(e.g., email) may reallocate the same resources to serve North American users
during North America's business hours with a different application (e.g., a web server). This approach helps maximize
the use of computing power while reducing the overall cost of resources by using less power, air conditioning, rack
space, etc. to maintain the system. With cloud computing, multiple users can access a single server to retrieve and
update their data without purchasing licenses for different applications.

Proponents claim that cloud computing allows companies to avoid upfront infrastructure costs, and focus on projects
that differentiate their businesses instead of on infrastructure. Proponents also claim that cloud computing allows
enterprises to get their applications up and running faster, with improved manageability and less maintenance, and
enables IT to more rapidly adjust resources to meet fluctuating and unpredictable business demand. Cloud providers
typically use a "pay as you go" model. This can lead to unexpectedly high charges if administrators do not adapt to the
cloud pricing model. The present availability of high- capacity networks, low-cost computers and storage devices as
well as the widespread adoption of hardware virtualization, service- oriented architecture, and autonomic and utility
computing have led to a growth in cloud computing. Companies can scale up as computing needs increase and then
scale down again as demands decrease.

II. EXISTING SYSTEM

Home automation can be defined as a system implemented at a residential place whereby the intention is to make the
place intelligent so that energy is conserved and security is maintained. It makes the life of theresidents flexible, healthy
and comfortable. Initially systems were developed in this regard but those systems had to be deployed on Internet and
heavy machineries like a big Personal Computer. Our system will be free from all this giant components, which,
indirectly suggests that our system has a good quality of portability. Most systems would exchange data or would
communicate with the help of Bluetooth, ZigBee and GSM. These systems have their own disadvantages. For example,
system-implementing ZigBee has too low bandwidth for the data communication whereas the GSM implementing
system has too large bandwidth for the data communication. Thus, there is wastage of the essential bandwidth, which
goes without being used. The other systems, which were in use, are, for exampleJava Based Systems and SMS based
systems. Java Based Systems still use web pages, which is a disadvantage if data intranet or Internet is off. SMS based
system is more costly since it requires data transfer from the real time service provider. This Wi-Fi protocol has some
upper hand benefits like itsrange is in the radius of 150-200m The mobile application can also extend thesecurity of the
system via an implementation of the password protected application At home, there are all kinds of electrical devices.
Also the gas may leak to fire. Once the danger happens, it will result in the huge losses. The smart home system is
necessary for the safety. The system integrated the sensors to monitor the appliances whether they work normally.
Once the exceptions have been tested, the owner can get the text massage immediately with the help of GSM. This
system has a light cube. It has 512 lights. After test, this system works to monitor the home appliances very well at the
low cost.

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 DOI:10.15680/IJARETY.2024.1103009
III.PROPOSED SYSTEM

This paper proposes a Home Automation system that employs the integration of multi-touch mobile devices, cloud
networking, wireless communication, and power-line communication to provide the user with remote control of various
lights and appliances within their home. Our researchers focus on the use of IOT for home/industry automation and
monitoring various physical parameters over the internet. control the work of AC equipment remotely, by applying the
concept of the Internet of Things (IoT), where control is carried out via an android smart phone device. These controls
include on / off process, operating modes, so that equipment operation is more effective and can avoid wasting
electrical energy. The method used in this research is the prototyping method, which includes the stages of literature
studies, field studies and data collection, the design stages of both software and hardware design for system
requirements, the manufacturing stages of both hardware and software, and the system work testing stage. The results
show that the system created can carry out the process of controlling the work of air conditioning equipment remotely
via an Android Smartphone device, for the on / off process, setting the operating mode and setting the air conditioning
equipment.. Here you may finda wide list of projects related to internet of things. These internet of things projects have
been proposed on existing system improvements and new innovative solutions to different problems. With the
emerging possibility of connecting more and more hardware to the internet, our research on iot projects is never
ending. We constantly research on newer and better iot project ideasevery month.

ARDUINO UNO R3 MICROCONTROLLER

Figure.3.Block Diagram

Figure.4.Microcontroller

The Arduino Uno R3 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which
6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer
with a USB cable or power it with AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Uno differs from all preceding
boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up
to version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. Revision 2 of the Uno board (A000046) has a resistor pulling
the 8U2 HWB line to ground, making it easier to put into DFU mode.

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 DOI:10.15680/IJARETY.2024.1103009
16x2 LCD:

Figure.5.16x2LCD

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is
displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data. The command register stores
the command instructions given to the LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like
initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. The data register stores the data to
be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the LCD. Click to learn more
about internal structure of a LCD.

Voltage regulators comprise a class of widely used ICs. Regulator IC units contain the circuitry for reference source,
comparator amplifier, control device, and overload protection all in a single IC. IC units provide regulation of either a
fixed positive voltage, a fixed negative voltage, or an adjustably set voltage. The regulators can be selected for
operation with load currents from hundreds of milli amperes to tens of amperes, corresponding to power ratings from
milli watts to tens of watts.

IV.HARDWARE RESULT

Figure.6. Hardware Model

V. CONCLUSION

The process of controlling electrical appliances remotely and to perform automation process concludes the use of
microcontrollers like Arduino, Raspberry pi, etc. The advanced technology enables the Wi-Fi which is a wireless
network to be easily controlled using any other Wi-Fi network i.e. connecting from any network to the home network.
The electricity cost can be reduced using smart automation as it turns off everything when there is no one in home. The
wireless connection doesn’t require any switches and is automated. Power consumption inside the building when the
loads were in off conditions can be monitored, controlled and easily managed using smart applications that are designed
forsaving energy.

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Room Light Controlling Using Arduino” International Journal of Engineering Technology Research &
Management (IJETRM), Vol-4 Issues 03, pp.192-201, 2020.
53. S.Karthikeyan, A.Krishnaraj, P.Magendran, T.Divya and Dr.S.Saravanan , “The Dairy Data Acquisition System”
International Journal of Engineering Technology Research & Management (IJETRM), Vol-4 Issues 03, pp.163-
169, 2020.
54. M.Amaran, S.Mannar Mannan, M.Madhu, Dr.R.Sagayaraj and Dr. S.Saravanan, “Design And Implementation of
Low Cost Solar Based Meat Cutting Machine” International Journal of Engineering Technology Research &
Management (IJETRM), Vol-4 Issues 03, pp.202-208, 2020.
55. N.Harish, R.Jayakumar, P.Kalaiyarasan, G.Vijayakumar and S. Saravanan, “IoT Based Smart Home Energy
Meter” International Journal of Engineering Technology Research & Management (IJETRM), Vol-4 Issues 03,
pp.177-183, 2020.
56. K.Subashchandrabose, G.Moulieshwaran, M.Raghul, V.Dhinesh and S.Saravanan, “Design of Portable Sanitary
Napkin Vending Machine”, International Journal of Engineering Technology Research & Management
(IJETRM), Vol-4 Issues 03, pp.52-58, 2020.
57. R.Gopi, K.Gowdhaman, M.Ashok, S.Divith, S.Saravanan and G.Dineshkumar, “An Online Method of Estimating
State of Health of A Li-Ion Battery”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology,
Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.31-36, 2023.
58. S.Azhaganandham, P.Elangovan, M.S.Kayalkanan, M.Dineshkumar and S.Saravanan, “Automatic Direct Torque
Control System For 3 Phase Induction Motor”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and
Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.1-3, 2023.
59. K. Ranjith Kumar, A.Naveen, R.Ragupathi, S. Savitha and S. Saravanan, “Automatic Industrial-Based Air
Pollution Avoidance System Using Iot”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology,
Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.100-105, 2023.
60. G.T.Nandhini, V.Megasri, T.Jeevitha, S.Sandhiya and S. Saravanan, “Automatic Pick And Drop Helping Robot”,
International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.72-76, 2023.
61. K.Deepika, S.Divya, A.Hema, R.Meena, V.Deepika and S.Saravanan, “Automatic Solar Panel Cleaning System”,
International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.62-66, 2023.
62. A.Balaji, K.Harikiruthik, A.Mohamed Hassan, S.Saravanan and S.Saranraj, “Design and Implementation of A
Single Stage Multi-Pulse Flexible Topology Thyristor Rectifier for Battery Charging in Electric Vehicles”,
International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.37-42, 2023.
63. D.Hemalatha, S.Indhumathi, V.Myvizhi and S.Saravanan, “Design and Implementation of Intelligent Controller
for Domestic Applications”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22,
Issue.3, pp.4-7, 2023.
64. N.Priyadharshini, S.Saraswathi, T.Swetha, K.Sivaranjani, K.Umadevi and S.Saravanan, “Fuel Monitoring System
using IoT”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.126-
130, 2023.
65. S. Divyasri, E. Indhu, M. P. Keerthana, M. Selvakumari and S. Saravanan, “Gas Cylinder Monitoring System

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 DOI:10.15680/IJARETY.2024.1103009
using IoT”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.67-71,
2023.
66. J.Arul, R.Balaji, S.Jeyamoorthy, M.Manipathra, R.Sundar and S.Saravanan, “IoT based Air Conditioner Control
using ESP32”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.48-
52, 2023.
67. Vundel Munireddy, J.Prahathesvaran, C.R.Thirunavukarasu, M.Santhosh Kumar and S.Saravanan, “IoT Based
Charge Controller for Direct Fast Charging of Electric Vehicles Using Solar Panel”, International Journal of New
Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.77-81, 2023.
68. D.Monish Kumaar, K.Akash, S.Aswinkumar, S.Saravanan and R. Sagayaraj, “IoT based Industry Surveillance
and Air Pollution Monitoring using Drones”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and
Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.14-18, 2023.
69. T.Silambarasan, R.Surya, J.Pravinkumar, R.Sundar and S Saravanan, “IoT based Monitoring System For Sewage
Sweeper”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.88-93,
2023.
70. R.Aravinthan, Alwin.Augustin, P.Divagaran, S.Saravanan and P.Manikandan, “IoT Based Power Consumption
and Monitoring System”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22,
Issue.3, pp.43-47, 2023.
71. S.Partheeban, S.Sundaravel, S.Umapathi, R.Sagayaraj and S.Saravanan, “IoT based Safety Helmet for Mining
Workers”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.116-120,
2023.
72. D.K.Vignesh, K.Sabarishwaran, S.Yuvaraj, P.Manikandan and S Saravanan, “IoT based Smart Dustbin”,
International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.82-87, 2023.
73. P Muthukrishnan, P Poovarasan, S Vasanth, R Raja and S Saravanan, “Smart Borewell Child Rescue System”,
International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.121-125, 2023.
74. S. Gokul, B. Gokulnath, P. Manikandan, S.Saravanan and N. Mohananthini, “Smart Crop Protection From
Animals And Birds Using Arduino”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology,
Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.19-25, 2023.
75. M.Abinesan, S.Jawahar, S.A.Gopi, A.Gokulraj and S.Saravanan, “Smart EV Charging Hub Integrated with
Renewable Energy for Highway Utility”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and
Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.58-61, 2023.
76. K.Eswaramoorthi, R.Manikandan, R.Balamurugan, C.Ramkumar and S.Saravanan, “Smart Parking System using
IoT”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.53-57, 2023.
77. S.Nirmalraj, C.Pranavan, M.Prem and S.Saravanan, “Smart Trolley With IoT Based Billing System”, International
Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.111-115, 2023.
78. S. NithyaSri, S.S.Sabitha, M.Thilagavathi, S.Umamageshwari, C.Nithya and S.Saravanan, “Smart Wireless Notice
Board using IoT”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3,
pp.106-110, 2023.
79. V.Gunasekaran, M.Gowtham , S. Anbubalaji, S.Saravanan and R.Prakash, “Solar based Electric Wheel Chair”,
International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.8-13, 2023.
80. S.Naveenkumar, S.Prakash, A.P.Shrikirishnaa, C.Ramkumar and S.Saravanan, “Two to Three Phase 5HP Digital
Panel”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.94-99, 2023.
81. Harivignesh K, Jaisankar.A, Chandru.J, Saravanan.S and Raja.R, “Voice Controlled Automatic Writer”,
International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.26-30, 2023.
82. N.Sakthiselvam, S.Srinivasan,S.Raajkumar, M.Selvakumari, S.Saravanan, “An Integrated Fault Isolation and
Prognosis Method for Electric Drive Systems of Battery Electric Vehicles”, International Journal of New
Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.166-171, 2023.
83. P Thava Prakash, P.Venketesan, D.Vignesh, S.Prakash, S.Saravanan, “Design of Low Cost E-Bicycle using
Brushless DC Motor with Speed Regulator”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and
Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.148-153, 2023.
84. D.Tamilarasan, V.S.Vairamuthu, Y.Vasanth, K.Umadevi, S.Saravanan, “GSM based Agricultural Motor Control”,
International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.172-177, 2023.
85. P. Vimal, S.Veerasigamani, R.Srihari, C.S.Satheesh, S.Saravanan, “IoT Based Optimal Power Management
System For Smart Grid”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22,
Issue.3, pp.160-165, 2023.
86. S.Abimanyu, P.Jagadheeswaran, S.Jaganath, K.Sanjay, R.Sivapranesh, K.Velmurugan, N.Mohananthini,
C.S.Satheesh, S.Saravanan, “Portable Solar Tree”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and
Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.154-159, 2023.

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 DOI:10.15680/IJARETY.2024.1103009
87. J.Sriboopathi, G.Sridhar, R.Sharunesh, S.Tamilarasan, S.Saranraj and S.Saravanan, “A Dual Stage Power
Electronic Converter for Electric Vehicle Charger”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and
Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.197-202, 2023.
88. M.Karthikeyan, S.Bilalahamad, V.A.Chandru, V.Deepika and S.Saravanan, “Design and Development of IoT
based Motor Starter”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3,
pp.178-183, 2023.
89. S.Yokesh, M.Manoj Kumar, M.Sankar, G.Dineshkumar and S.Saravanan, “Estimation of Maximum Power in
Lithium Ion Batteries using IoT”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology,
Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.191-196, 2023.
90. P.Preedeepa, S.Sivaranjani, M.Nandhini, M.Swathisriranjani and S.Saravanan, “Optimization of Power Quality
Issues in EV Charging Station”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.22,
Issue.3, pp.203-209, 2023.
91. R. GokulRaj, N. Kannan, S. Karthick, M.Swathisriranjani and S.Saravanan, “Power Quality Enhancement in
Smart Grids for Electric Vehicles Charging Station”, International Journal of New Innovations in Engineering and
Technology, Vol.22, Issue.3, pp.184-190, 2023.

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