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Lesson 5: Freedom of the Human Person
Freedom- is an intrinsic and essential property of the person.
Kinds of Freedom
1. Physical Freedom- refers to the absence of any physical restraints.
2. Psychological Freedom- is also called freedom of choice.
3. Moral Freedom- refers to using freedom in a manner that upholds dignity and
goodness.
Two elements that define freedom

1. Voluntariness – refers to the ability of a person to act out of his or her own free will
and self determination.
2. Responsibility – refers to the person being accountable for his or her action and their
consequences.
Self reflection- is vital in the proper exercise of human freedom.
Lesson 6: intersubjectivity
Humans- have the natural and universal tendency to relate, to establish attachments with
other people.
Our ability to engage in meaningful interactions with other people, our surroundings, and
everything around us is rooted in our capacity for – self-awareness and transcendence.
Interpersonal relations- are made possible when the self becomes aware of the of the
other .
This notion of “recognizing the self in the other”is how philosophers define interpersonal
relations.
Intersubjectivity – mutual recognition of each other as persons.
Interiority – inner life
Seeming – where an individual presents himself or herself in a certain way when dealing
with others.
Plastic and sipsip- which referred to manipulative behaviors that are done by some people
in pursuit of selfish interests.
Dialogue – deeper and more genuine interaction
Genuine dialogue – occurs when persons are willing to share themselves with one
another.
Emphathy- is the ability to share emotions, is an important aspect of intersubjectivity.
Sympathy- feeling with

Empathy- feeling in
Availability – another characteristic of meaningful and genuine human relationships. The

willingness of a person to be present and be at the disposal of another.
Ethics of care- is an ethical theory that emphasizes the moral dimensions of relationships
and interactions.
Alienation- a person that adopts this negative view is said to be experiencing that can
leads to dehumanization.
Helen Keller (1880-1968)- was an American author, political activist and the first deaf-
blind person to earn aa bachelors degree. Story of my Life- autobiography
Nicholas James “Nick” Vujicic (born 1982)- is an Australian evangelist and motivational
speaker who was born with phocomelia,, a condition in which a person is born with no
arms or legs.
Roselle Ambubuyog ( born 1980) is the first visually impaired Filipino to graduate summa
cum laude from Ateneo de Manila UNIVERSITY in 2001.
Lesson 7: The Human Person in Society
Society -is an organized group of people whose members interact frequently and have a
common territory and culture.
Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean Jacques Rousseau- they are Enlightenment
philosophers
Natural state- they imagined humans as living
Social contract – an agreement where individuals sacrifice an amount of their freedom

and submit to a higher authority. It’s Thomas Hobbes study.
John Locke- study the known as the consent of the governed. — individuals to cooperate
and share burden of upholding the welfare of society.
Jean Jacques Rousseau- known for concept of the “general will”— impose it’s will on the
people.
John Rawls- redefined the social contract give emphasis and explained that human
beings approach social cooperation in a rational manner in order to meet their individual
self-interests.
Original position – Rawls introduced a version of the natural state to explain social
formation.
Gauthier- described peoples self interest as a significant factor in building and maintaining
societies.
Common good- refers to the social conditions which enable persons and groups to fulfill
their goals and achieve well-being.
Different forms of societies
1. Hunting and gathering society – this is recognized as the earliest and simplest form
of society. It is generally characterized by its small size and is composed mainly of
families.
2. Pastoral society – this type of society is characterized by the domestication of

animals for food for a more stable and predictable food supply. Pastoral
communities have larger populations than hunting and gathering societies remain
longer in one place.
3. Horticultural society – primarily engages in the small scale cultivation of plants,

fruits and vegetables and the domestication of animals. Horticultural societies are
semi-nomadic, which means that they travel to another place when they have
already depleted the resources in one area.
4. Agrarian or Agricultural society – this type of society is further evolution of thel

pastoral and horticultural society. Agriculture involves the large scale and long term
cultivation of crops and domestication of animals.
5. Feudal society – is based on the ownership of land. Feudal societies arose our
developments in Western Europe during Medieval times, when rival kingdoms
were engage in conflict over resource, particularly land.
6. Industrial society – is based on the use of specialized machinery in the production
of goods and services. The advance in science and technology in the late 18 th
century resulted in the Industrial Revolution, which in turn gave rise to new
production and industrial methods as well as innovations in transportation and
communication.
7. Post-Industrial society – is marked by the establishment of societies based on

knowledge, information and the sale of services. Led by the human mind and aided
by highly advanced technology, the trend has shifted from industry to the
generation, storage, manipulation, and sale of information.
Virtual society- where people organize themselves through communication technology

and the internet, a product of Post-Industrial society.
Norms are set of traits and behavior that society considers acceptable and are thus
encouraged and passed on to other members.
Laws- are more formal and stringent norms that establish and define acceptable behavior
of citizens.
Folkways- are less formal norms that arise from tradition and do not result in punishment
when violated.
Social system- which is an organized or patterned set of relationships among individuals

and groups that composed of society.
Social role – which are actions and behaviors expected of a certain individual.
Individuals who share similar backgrounds or perform similar roles are grouped together
into social groups or social classes.
Certain groups that perform vital functions in society- are recognize as social institutions,
and these include family, school, government, and religion.
Social values- actions or ideals that are considered important by society. Values such as
cooperation, obedience to the law, concern for others and respect for others are
considered vital to maintaining an orderly society.

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Lesson 5: Freedom of the Human Person

Freedom- is an intrinsic and essential property of the person.

Two elements that define freedom

Self reflection- is vital in the proper exercise of human freedom.

Interiority – inner life

Dialogue – deeper and more genuine interaction

Emphathy- is the ability to share emotions, is an important aspect of intersubjectivity.

Sympathy- feeling with

Availability – another characteristic of meaningful and genuine human relationships. The

Lesson 7: The Human Person in Society

Natural state- they imagined humans as living

Social contract – an agreement where individuals sacrifice an amount of their freedom

Different forms of societies

2. Pastoral society – this type of society is characterized by the domestication of

3. Horticultural society – primarily engages in the small scale cultivation of plants,

4. Agrarian or Agricultural society – this type of society is further evolution of thel

7. Post-Industrial society – is marked by the establishment of societies based on

Virtual society- where people organize themselves through communication technology

Social system- which is an organized or patterned set of relationships among individuals

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