Philosophy Tsaka EL Reviewer

Philosophy reviewer
Kinds of Freedom
Physical Freedom - refers to the absence of any physical restraint

Man has the freedom of mobility to go where he or she wants to go.
Psychological Freedom - also called freedom of choice

Man is free to perform actions that he/she considers right and wise,i.e., free to act or not to act.
Moral Freedom - refers to using freedom in a manner that upholds human dignity and
goodness. Freedom is not an object that a person may use in whatever way he/she pleases.
Man must use it to grow as a person.
Elements of Freedom
Voluntariness - “to act or not to act”
Responsibility - has a positive and negative meaning and it goes hand-in-hand with
voluntariness in determining morality. EX Mang Lito could take responsibility for his heroic
action.
What is Society?
- An organized group of people whose members interact frequently and have a common
territory and culture
- The product of deliberate actions by individuals who come together in pursuit of common
goal.
Hunting & Gathering Society

- Earliest and simplest form of society
- Nomadic because they spend most of their time searching for food and thus, no
permanent territory.
Pastoral Society
- Domestication of animals for food
- Larger populations and stay longer in one place
- Produce surplus food and resources which they trade with other societies
Horticultural Society
- Engages in the small-scale cultivation of plants, fruits and vegetables and domestication
of animals.
- Semi-nomadic, they travel to another place when they have already depleted the
resources in one area.
- Roles and responsibilities are more clearly defined according to gender
Agricultural Society
- Large-scale and long term cultivation of crops and domestication of animals

- Improved technology and use of tools to aid in farming which resulted to increased of
production
Feudal Society
- Based on ownership of the land

- Those who own land are most powerful while peasants are considered the lowest group
Industrial Society
- 18th century gave rise to new production and industrial methods as well as innovations
in transportation and communication
- Inequalities in wealth, power, and influence
Post-Industrial Society
- Marked by the establishment of societies based on knowledge, information and the sale
of services
“You cannot think of a person outside of society and you cannot think of society without
persons.”
Our interactions with our family, friends, schoolmates, teachers and other people in our
community have all left indelible marks on our identity.
Society influences our development as persons in various ways.
NORMS Traits and behavior which are acceptable to society

FOLKWAYS Less formal norms that arise from tradition
LAWS More formal and stringent norms that establish and define acceptable behavior of
citizens.
Hinduism - Karma
2 Dominant Ways to be released from the series of death and rebirth

✔ Accumulation of Good Karmas
✔ Discovering the self-God within us
Nirvana is the highest spiritual state that can possibly be achieved
Buddhism
Impermanence of life and of everything
Believe in the inevitability of death
Death is not the end
eliminate the cause of our suffering
Thomas Aquinas - Religious
The reality of death can be credited partly to his nature and partly to sin.
imitate jesus
Martin Heidegger - Death is the ultimate project
BIOLOGI
Genetic engineering terms to know!
•GENETIC ENGINEERING •GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM •BACTERIA •PLASMID
•GENE THERAPY •Selective Breeding
Understand that… •Genetic engineering is an ethical issue that needs to be regulated by the
personal, cultural, and global conscience.
Advantages of Genetic Engineering •Will get improved organisms •Can create organisms with
traits not previously thought possible •Can remove “bad” genes •Reduces the chance of getting
“undesirable” organisms
Disadvantages of Genetic Engineering • Co$tly •Must be performed in a lab with special

equipment • Ethical issues • Long term negative affects •Negative environmental impacts
Gene therapy • A technique that uses genes to prevent disease
Bio ethics •Ethics are a set of ideas that are right and wrong societies determine what is right
and wrong.

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Philosophy reviewer

Physical Freedom - refers to the absence of any physical restraint

Psychological Freedom - also called freedom of choice

Hunting & Gathering Society

- Large-scale and long term cultivation of crops and domestication of animals

- Based on ownership of the land

Society influences our development as persons in various ways.

NORMS Traits and behavior which are acceptable to society

2 Dominant Ways to be released from the series of death and rebirth

Nirvana is the highest spiritual state that can possibly be achieved

Martin Heidegger - Death is the ultimate project

Disadvantages of Genetic Engineering • Co$tly •Must be performed in a lab with special

Gene therapy • A technique that uses genes to prevent disease

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