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Designation: A653/A653M − 22

Standard Specification for

Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-
Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A653/A653M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-

1.1 This specification covers steel sheet, zinc-coated (gal- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
vanized) or zinc-iron alloy-coated (galvannealed) by the hot- mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
dip process in coils and cut lengths. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 The product is produced in various zinc or zinc-iron ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
alloy-coating weights [masses] or coating designations as Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
shown in Table 1 and in Table S2.1. mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.3 Product furnished under this specification shall conform Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
to the applicable requirements of the latest issue of Specifica-
2. Referenced Documents
tion A924/A924M, unless otherwise provided herein.
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
1.4 The product is available in a number of designations,
A90/A90M Test Method for Weight [Mass] of Coating on
grades, and classes in four general categories that are designed
Iron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy Coatings
to be compatible with different application requirements.
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
1.4.1 Steels with mandatory chemical requirements and
of Steel Products
typical mechanical properties.
A568/A568M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon,
1.4.2 Steels with mandatory chemical requirements and
Structural, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and
mandatory mechanical properties.
Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for
1.4.3 Steels with mandatory chemical requirements and
A902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel Prod-
mandatory mechanical properties that are achieved through
ucts
solid-solution or bake hardening.
A924/A924M Specification for General Requirements for
1.5 Units—This specification is applicable to orders in Steel Sheet, Metallic-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process
either inch-pound units (as A653) or SI units (as A653M). A1122/A1122M Test Method for Bend Testing of Metallic-
Values in inch-pound and SI units are not necessarily equiva- Coated Steel Sheet to Evaluate Coating Adhesion
lent. Within the text, SI units are shown in brackets. Each B6 Specification for Zinc
system shall be used independently of the other. B852 Specification for Continuous Galvanizing Grade
1.6 The text of this specification references notes and (CGG) Zinc Alloys for Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Sheet
footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and Steel
footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be D7396 Guide for Preparation of New, Continuous Zinc-
considered as requirements of this specification. Coated (Galvanized) Steel Surfaces for Painting
E517 Test Method for Plastic Strain Ratio r for Sheet Metal
1.7 Unless the order specifies the “M” designation (SI
E646 Test Method for Tensile Strain-Hardening Exponents
units), the product shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
(n -Values) of Metallic Sheet Materials
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the 2.2 ISO Standards:3
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the ISO 3575 Continuous Hot-Dip Zinc-Coated Carbon Steel of
Commercial and Drawing Qualities

1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Metallic-Coated Iron and Steel Products and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee A05.11 on Sheet Specifications. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as A653/A653M – 20. Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
DOI: 10.1520/A0653_A0653M-22. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 A653/A653M − 22
TABLE 1 Weight [Mass] of Coating Requirements (Total Both Sides)A,B,C
NOTE 1— Use the information provided in 8.1.3 to obtain the approximate coating thickness from the coating weight [mass].
Minimum Requirement
Inch-Pound Units
Type Coating Designation Triple-Spot Test (TST) Single-Spot Test (SST)
oz/ft2 oz/ft2
Zinc G01 0.01 0.01
G30 0.30 0.25
G40 0.40 0.30
G60 0.60 0.50
G90 0.90 0.80
G100 1.00 0.90
G115 1.15 1.00
G140 1.40 1.20
G165 1.65 1.40
G185 1.85 1.60
G210 2.10 1.80
G235 2.35 2.00
G300 3.00 2.60
G360 3.60 3.20
Zinc-iron alloy A01 0.01 0.01
A25 0.25 0.20
A40 0.40 0.30
A60 0.60 0.50
SI Units
Type Coating Designation Triple-Spot Test (TST) Single-Spot Test (SST)
g/m2 g/m2
Zinc Z03 3 3
Z90 90 75
Z120 120 90
Z180 180 150
Z275 275 235
Z305 305 275
Z350 350 300
Z450 450 385
Z500 500 425
Z550 550 475
Z600 600 510
Z700 700 595
Z900 900 790
Z1100 1100 975
Zinc-iron alloy ZF03 3 3
ZF75 75 60
ZF120 120 90
ZF180 180 150
A
The coating designation is the term by which the minimum triple spot, total both sides coating weight [mass] is specified. Because of the many variables and changing
conditions that are characteristic of continuous hot-dip coating lines, the zinc or zinc-iron alloy coating is not always evenly divided between the two surfaces of a coated
sheet; nor is it always evenly distributed from edge to edge. However, minimum single-spot coating weight [mass] on any one side is normally not less than 40 % of the
single-spot total both sides requirement.
B
As it is an established fact that the atmospheric corrosion resistance of zinc or zinc-iron alloy-coated sheet products is a direct function of coating thickness (weight
(mass)), the selection of thinner (lighter) coating designations will result in almost linearly reduced corrosion performance of the coating. For example, heavier galvanized
coatings perform adequately in bold atmospheric exposure whereas the lighter coatings are often further coated with paint or a similar barrier coating for increased
corrosion resistance. Because of this relationship, products carrying the statement “meets ASTM A653/A653M requirements” should also specify the particular coating
designation.
C
International Standard, ISO 3575, continuous hot-dip zinc-coated carbon steel sheet contains Z100 and Z200 designations and does not specify a ZF75 coating.

ISO 4998 Continuous Hot-Dip Zinc-Coated Carbon Steel of 3.2.1 bake hardenable steel, n—steel sheet in which a
Structural Quality significant increase in yield strength is realized when moderate
heat treatment, such as that used for paint baking, follows
3. Terminology straining or cold working.
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology A902 for definitions of 3.2.2 differentially coated, n—galvanized steel sheet having
general terminology relating to metallic-coated hot-dip prod- a specified “coating designation” on one surface and a signifi-
ucts. cantly lighter specified “coating designation” on the other
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: surface.

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 A653/A653M − 22
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The single side relationship of either of coating is suitable for immediate painting without further
specified “coating designation” is the same as shown in the treatment except normal cleaning (refer to Guide D7396). The
note of Table 1 regarding uniformity of coating. lack of ductility of the alloy coating presents a potential for
3.2.3 high strength low alloy steel, n—a specific group of powdering, etc.
sheet steels whose strength is achieved through the use of 4. Classification
microalloying elements such as columbium (niobium),
vanadium, titanium, and molybdenum resulting in improved 4.1 The material is available in several designations as
formability and weldability than is obtained from conventional follows:
carbon-manganese steels. 4.1.1 Commercial steel (CS Types A, B, and C),
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Producers use one or a combination of 4.1.2 Forming steel (FS Types A and B),
microalloying elements to achieve the desired properties. The 4.1.3 Deep drawing steel (DDS Types A and C),
product is available in two designations, HSLAS and 4.1.4 Extra deep drawing steel (EDDS),
HSLAS-F. Both products are strengthened with microalloys, 4.1.5 Structural steel (SS),
but HSLAS-F is further treated to achieve inclusion control. 4.1.6 High strength low alloy steel (HSLAS),
4.1.7 High strength low alloy steel with improved formabil-
3.2.4 minimized spangle, n—the finish produced on hot-dip ity (HSLAS-F),
zinc-coated steel sheet in which the grain pattern is visible to 4.1.8 Solution hardened steel (SHS), and
the unaided eye, and is typically smaller and less distinct than 4.1.9 Bake hardenable steel (BHS).
the pattern visible on regular spangle.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—This finish is produced by one of two 4.2 Structural steel, high strength low alloy steel, solution
methods: either (1) the zinc crystal growth has been started but hardened steel, and bake hardenable steel are available in
arrested by special production practices during solidification of several grades based on mechanical properties. Structural Steel
the zinc, or (2) the zinc crystal growth is inhibited by a Grade 50 [340] is available in four classes based on tensile
combination of coating-bath chemistry plus cooling during strength. Structural Steel Grade 80 [550] is available in three
solidification of the zinc. Minimized spangle is normally classes, based on chemistry.
produced in coating designations G90 [Z275] and lighter. 4.3 The material is available as either zinc-coated or zinc-
Subject to agreement of the producer, it is permissible for a iron alloy-coated in several coating weights [masses] or
user to specify limits on minimized spangle size. coating designations as shown in Table 1 and in Table S2.1,
3.2.5 regular spangle, n—the finish produced on hot-dip and
zinc-coated steel sheet in which the zinc crystal structure is 4.3.1 The material is available with the same or different
visible to the unaided eye. coating designations on each surface.
3.2.5.1 Discussion—Solidification of the zinc coating is 5. Ordering Information
typically uncontrolled, which produces the variable grain size
associated with this finish and is not subject to size limits. 5.1 Zinc-coated or zinc-iron alloy-coated sheet in coils and
Refer to Terminology A902 for a general definition of the term cut lengths is produced to thickness requirements expressed to
spangle. 0.001 in. [0.01 mm]. The thickness of the sheet includes both
the base metal and the coating.
3.2.6 solid-solution hardened steel or solution hardened
steel, n—steel sheet strengthened through additions of substi- 5.2 Orders for product to this specification shall include the
tutional alloying elements such as Mn, P, or Si. following information, as necessary, to adequately describe the
3.2.6.1 Discussion—Substitutional alloying elements such desired product:
as Mn, P, and Si can occupy the same sites as iron atoms within 5.2.1 Name of product (steel sheet, zinc-coated (galvanized)
the crystalline structure of steels. Strengthening arises as a or zinc-iron alloy-coated (galvannealed)),
result of the mismatch between the atomic sizes of these 5.2.2 Designation of sheet [CS (Types A, B, and C), FS
elements and that of iron. (Types A and B), DDS (Types A and C), EDDS, SS, HSLAS,
HSLAS-F, SHS, or BHS],
3.2.7 spangle-free, n—the uniform finish of small, equiaxed 5.2.2.1 When a CS type is not specified, CS Type B will be
grains produced on hot-dip zinc-coated steel sheet in which the furnished. When a FS type is not specified, FS Type B will be
visual spangle pattern, especially the surface variations created furnished. When a DDS type is not specified, DDS Type A will
by spangle formation, is difficult to discern with the unaided be furnished.
eye. 5.2.2.2 When a Class for SS Grade 80 is not specified, Class
3.2.7.1 Discussion—This finish is produced when the zinc 1 will be furnished.
crystal growth is inhibited by a combination of coating-bath 5.2.2.3 When a SS, HSLAS, HSLAS-F, SHS, or BHS
chemistry or cooling, or both, during solidification of the zinc. designation is specified, state the grade, or class, or combina-
3.2.8 zinc-iron alloy, n—a dull grey coating with no spangle tion thereof.
pattern that is produced on hot-dip zinc-coated steel sheet. 5.2.2.4 When a class for HSLAS or HSLAS-F is not
3.2.8.1 Discussion—Zinc-iron alloy coating is composed specified, Class 1 shall be provided.
entirely of inter-metallic alloys. It is typically produced by 5.2.3 ASTM designation number and year of issue, as A653
subjecting the hot-dip zinc-coated steel sheet to a thermal for inch-pound units or A653M for SI units,
treatment after it emerges from the molten zinc bath. This type 5.2.4 Coating designation,

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 A653/A653M − 22
5.2.5 Chemically treated or not chemically treated, 6. Chemical Composition
5.2.6 Oiled or not oiled, 6.1 Base Metal:
5.2.7 Finish (minimized spangle, regular spangle, or 6.1.1 The heat analysis of the base metal shall conform to
spangle-free), the requirements shown in Table 2 for CS (Types A, B, and C),
5.2.8 Extra smooth (if required), FS (Types A and B), DDS (Types A and C), and EDDS, and
5.2.9 Phosphatized (if required), Table 3 for SS, HSLAS, HSLAS-F, SHS, and BHS.
5.2.10 Dimensions (show thickness, minimum or nominal, 6.1.2 Each of the elements listed in Tables 2 and 3 shall be
width, flatness requirements, and length, (if cut lengths)), included in the report of heat analysis. When the amount of
5.2.11 Coil size requirements (specify maximum outside copper, nickel, chromium, or molybdenum is less than 0.02 %,
diameter (OD), acceptable inside diameter (ID), and maximum report the analysis as either <0.02 % or the actual determined
weight [mass]), value. When the amount of vanadium, titanium, or columbium
5.2.12 Packaging, is less than 0.008 %, report the analysis as either <0.008 % or
5.2.13 Certification, if required, heat analysis and mechani- the actual determined value. When the amount of boron is less
cal property report, than 0.0005 %, report as <0.0005 % or the actual determined
5.2.14 Application (part identification and description), and value.
5.2.15 Special requirements (if any). 6.1.3 See Specification A924/A924M for chemical analysis
5.2.15.1 If required, the product may be ordered to a procedures and product analysis tolerances.
specified base metal thickness (see Supplementary Require-
ment S1). 6.2 Zinc Bath Analysis—The bath metal used in continuous
5.2.15.2 If required, the product may be ordered to a hot-dip galvanizing shall contain not less than 99 % zinc, with
specified single spot/single side coating mass (see Supplemen- a lead level not exceeding 0.009 %.
tary Requirement S2). NOTE 3—To control alloy formation and promote adhesion of the zinc
5.2.15.3 When the purchaser requires thickness tolerances coating with the steel base metal, the molten coating metal composition
for 3⁄8-in. [10-mm] minimum edge distance (see Supplemen- normally contains a percentage of aluminum usually in the range from
0.05 to 0.25. This aluminum is purposely supplied to the molten coating
tary Requirement in Specification A924/A924M), this require- bath, either as a specified ingredient in the zinc spelter or by the addition
ment shall be specified in the purchase order or contract. of a master alloy containing aluminum. Specification B852 specifies
continuous galvanizing grade (CGG) zinc alloys, including multiple zinc
NOTE 1—Typical ordering descriptions are as follows: steel sheet,
alloys, that both enable the molten coating to be controlled within 0.05 to
zinc-coated, commercial steel Type A, ASTM A653, Coating Designation
0.25 % aluminum and to not exceed 0.009 % lead. Specification B6
G115, chemically treated, oiled, minimum 0.040 by 34 by 117 in., for
specifies certain grades of zinc that do not exceed 0.009 % lead, but
stock tanks, or steel sheet, zinc-coated, high strength low alloy steel Grade
contain lower levels of aluminum.
340, ASTM A653M, Coating Designation Z275, minimized spangle, not
NOTE 4—The producer can demonstrate compliance with the maximum
chemically treated, oiled, minimum 1.00 by 920 mm by coil, 1520-mm
lead level by way of chemical test certificates from the zinc supplier.
maximum OD, 600-mm ID, 10 000-kg maximum, for tractor inner fender.
NOTE 2—The purchaser should be aware that there are variations in 7. Mechanical Properties
manufacturing practices among the producers and therefore is advised to
establish the producer’s standard (or default) procedures for thickness 7.1 Structural steel, high-strength low-alloy steel, high
tolerances. strength low alloy steel with improved formability, solution

TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsA

Composition, %—Heat Analysis Element, max (unless otherwise shown)
Aluminum, Cb/
Designation Carbon Manganese Phosphorus Sulfur Cu Ni Cr Mo V TiB N B
min NbH,I
CS Type AC, D,E 0.10 0.60 0.030 0.035 A
0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.025 A A

CS Type BF,C 0.02 to 0.60 0.030 0.035 A

0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.025 A A

0.15
CS Type CC,D,E 0.08 0.60 0.100 0.035 A
0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.025 A A

FS Type AC,G 0.10 0.50 0.020 0.035 A

0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.025 A A

FS Type BF,C 0.02 to 0.50 0.020 0.030 A

0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.025 A A

0.10
DDS Type AD,E 0.06 0.50 0.020 0.025 0.01 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.025 A A

DDS Type CD,E 0.02 0.50 0.020 to 0.025 0.01 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.10 0.10 0.15 A A

0.100
EDDSH 0.02 0.40 0.020 0.020 0.01 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.10 0.10 0.15 A A

A
There is no requirement, but the analysis shall be reported.
B
For steels containing 0.02 % carbon or more, titanium is permitted at the producer’s option, to the lesser of 3.4N + 1.5S or 0.025 %.
C
When a deoxidized steel is required for the application, the purchaser has the option to order CS and FS to a minimum of 0.01 % total aluminum.
D
Steel is permitted to be furnished as a vacuum degassed or chemically stabilized steel, or both, at the producer’s option.
E
For carbon levels less than or equal to 0.02 %, vanadium, columbium, or titanium, or combinations thereof, are permitted to be used as stabilizing elements at the
producer’s option. In such cases, the applicable limit for vanadium and columbium shall be 0.10 % max and the limit for titanium shall be 0.15 % max.
F
For CS and FS, specify Type B to avoid carbon levels below 0.02 %.
G
Shall not be furnished as a stabilized steel.
H
Shall be furnished as a stabilized steel.
I
Columbium (Cb) and Niobium (Nb) are considered interchangeable names for Element 41 in the periodic table and both names are acceptable for use.

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 A653/A653M − 22
TABLE 3 Chemical RequirementsA
Composition, %—Heat Analysis Element, max
(unless otherwise shown)
Designation
Cb/
Carbon Manganese Phosphorus Sulfur Si Al Cu Ni Cr Mo V Ti N
NbB,G
SSB,C
A A A
33 [230] 0.20 1.35 0.10 0.04 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.025
A A A
37 [255] 0.20 1.35 0.10 0.04 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.025
A A A
40 [275] 0.25 1.35 0.10 0.04 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.025
A A A
50 [340] Class 1, 2, and 4 0.25 1.35 0.20 0.04 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.025
A A A
50 [340] Class 3 0.25 1.35 0.04 0.04 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.025
A A A
55 [380] 0.25 1.35 0.04 0.04 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.025
A A A
60 [410] 0.25 1.35 0.04 0.04 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.025
A A A
70 [480] 0.25 1.35 0.04 0.04 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.025
A A A
80 [550] Class 1 0.20 1.35 0.04 0.04 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.015 0.025
80 [550] Class 2D 0.02 1.35 0.05 0.02 A A
0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.10 0.10 0.15 A
A A A
80 [550] Class 3 0.20 1.35 0.04 0.04 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.015 0.025
HSLASE
A A A A A
40 [275] 0.20 1.20 0.035 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.01 min 0.005 0.01
min min
A A A A
50 [340] 0.20 1.20 0.035 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.01 min 0.005 0.01
min min
A A A A
55 [380] Class 1 0.25 1.35 0.035 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.01 min 0.005 0.01
min min
A A A A
55 [380] Class 2 0.15 1.20 0.035 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.01 min 0.005 0.01
min min
A A A A
60 [410] 0.20 1.35 0.035 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.01 min 0.005 0.01
min min
A A A A
70 [480] 0.20 1.65 0.035 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.01 min 0.005 0.01
min min
A A A A
80 [550] 0.20 1.65 0.035 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.01 min 0.005 0.01
min min
HSLAS-FE,F
A A A A A
40 [275] 0.15 1.20 0.035 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.01 min 0.005 0.01
min min
A A A A
50 [340] 0.15 1.20 0.035 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.01 min 0.005 0.01
min min
A A A A
55 [380] Class 1 0.20 1.35 0.035 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.01 min 0.005 0.01
min min
A A A A
55 [380] Class 2 0.15 1.20 0.035 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.01 min 0.005 0.01
min min
A A A A
60 [410] 0.15 1.20 0.035 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.01 min 0.005 0.01
min min
A A A A
70 [480] 0.15 1.65 0.035 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.01 min 0.005 0.01
min min
A A A A
80 [550] 0.15 1.65 0.035 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.01 min 0.005 0.01
min min
SHSB,C 0.12 1.50 0.12 0.030 A A
0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.025 A

BHSB,C 0.12 1.50 0.12 0.030 A A

0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.025 A

A
There is no requirement, but the analysis shall be reported.
B
For carbon levels less than or equal to 0.02 %, vanadium, columbium, or titanium, or combinations thereof, are permitted to be used as stabilizing elements at the
producer’s option. In such cases, the applicable limit for vanadium and columbium shall be 0.10 % max, and the limit for titanium shall be 0.15 % max.
C
For steels containing more than 0.02 % carbon, titanium is permitted to the lesser of 3.4N + 1.5S or 0.025 %.
D
Shall be furnished as a stabilized steel.
E
HSLAS and HSLAS-F steels commonly contain the strengthening elements columbium, vanadium, and titanium added singly or in combination. The minimum
requirements only apply to the microalloy elements selected for strengthening of the steel.
F
HSLAS-F steel shall be treated to achieve inclusion control.
G
Columbium (Cb) and Niobium (Nb) are considered interchangeable names for Element 41 in the periodic table and both names are acceptable for use.

hardened steel, and bake hardenable steel shall conform to the 7.2 The typical mechanical properties for CS (Types A, B,
mechanical property requirements in Table 4 for the grade or and C), FS (Types A and B), DDS (Types A and C), and EDDS
class, or both. sheet designations are listed in Table 5. These mechanical
7.1.1 Bake hardenable steel shall conform to bake harden- property values are nonmandatory. They are intended solely to
ing index requirements included in Table 4 for the grade provide the purchaser with as much information as possible to
specified. The method for measuring the bake hardening index make an informed decision on the steel to be specified. Values
is described in Annex A1. Bake hardenable steel shall exhibit outside of these ranges are to be expected.
a minimum increase in yield strength of 4 ksi [25 MPa] as
based on the upper yield point or of 3 ksi [20 MPa] as based on 7.3 When base metal mechanical properties are required, all
the lower yield stress, after a prestrained specimen has been tests shall be conducted in accordance with the methods
exposed to a standard bake cycle (340 °F [170 °C] for 20 min). specified in Specification A924/A924M.

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 A653/A653M − 22
TABLE 4 Mechanical Requirements, Base Metal (Longitudinal)
Inch-Pound Units
Yield Tensile Elongation in
Bake Hardening Index, min, ksi
Designation Grade Strength, Strength, 2 in., min,
Upper Yield/Lower YieldA
min, ksi min, ksiA %A
SS 33 33 45 20 ...
37 37 52 18 ...
40 40 55 16 ...
50 Class 1 50 65 12 ...
50 Class 2 50 ... 12 ...
50 Class 3 50 70 12 ...
50 Class 4 50 60 12 ...
55 55 70 11 ...
60 60 70 10B ...
70 70 80 9B ...
80 Class 1C 80D 82 ... ...
80 Class 2C,E 80D 82 ... ...
80 Class 3 80D 82 3F ...
HSLAS 40 40 50G 22 ...
50 50 60G 20 ...
55 Class 1 55 70G 16 ...
55 Class 2 55 65G 18 ...
60 60 70G 16 ...
70 70 80G 12 ...
80 80 90G 10 ...
HSLAS-F 40 40 50G 24 ...
50 50 60G 22 ...
55 Class 1 55 70G 18 ...
55 Class 2 55 65G 20 ...
60 60 70G 18 ...
70 70 80G 14 ...
80 80 90G 12 ...
SHS 26 26 43 32 ...
31 31 46 30 ...
35 35 50 26 ...
41 41 53 24 ...
44 44 57 22 ...
BHS 26 26 43 30 4/3
31 31 46 28 4/3
35 35 50 24 4/3
41 41 53 22 4/3
44 44 57 20 4/3
SI Units
Yield Tensile Elongation
Bake Hardening Index, min, MPa
Designation Grade Strength, Strength, in 50 mm,
Upper Yield/Lower YieldA
min, MPa min, MPaA min, %A
SS 230 230 310 20 ...
255 255 360 18 ...
275 275 380 16 ...
340 Class 1 340 450 12 ...
340 Class 2 340 ... 12 ...
340 Class 3 340 480 12 ...
340 Class 4 340 410 12 ...
380 380 480 11 ...
410 410 480 10B ...
480 480 550 9B ...
550 Class 1C 550D 570 ... ...
550 Class 2C,E 550D 570 ... ...
550 Class 3 550D 570 3F ...
HSLAS 275 275 340G 22 ...
340 340 410G 20 ...
380 Class 1 380 480G 16 ...
380 Class 2 380 450G 18 ...
410 410 480G 16 ...
480 480 550G 12 ...
550 550 620G 10 ...
HSLAS-F 275 275 340G 24 ...
340 340 410G 22 ...
380 Class 1 380 480G 18 ...
380 Class 2 380 450G 20 ...
410 410 480G 18 ...
480 480 550G 14 ...
550 550 620G 12 ...
SHS 180 180 300 32 ...
210 210 320 30 ...
240 240 340 26 ...
280 280 370 24 ...

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TABLE 4 Continued
Inch-Pound Units
Yield Tensile Elongation in
Bake Hardening Index, min, ksi
Designation Grade Strength, Strength, 2 in., min,
Upper Yield/Lower YieldA
min, ksi min, ksiA %A
300 300 390 22 ...
BHS 180 180 300 30 25 / 20
210 210 320 28 25 / 20
240 240 340 24 25 / 20
280 280 370 22 25 / 20
300 300 390 20 25 / 20
A
Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in this table there is no requirement.
B
For sheet thickness of 0.028 in. [0.71 mm] or thinner, the elongation requirement is reduced two percentage points for SS Grades 60 [410] and 70 [480].
C
For sheet thickness of 0.028 in. [0.71 mm] or thinner, no tension test is required if the hardness result is Rockwell B85 or higher.
D
As there is no discontinuous yield curve, the yield strength should be taken as the stress at 0.5 % elongation under load or 0.2 % offset.
E
SS Grade 80 [550] Class 2 may exhibit different forming characteristics than Class 1, due to difference in chemistry.
F
The purchaser should consult with the producer when ordering SS Grade 80 [550] Class 3 material in sheet thicknesses 0.028 in. [0.71 mm] or thinner regarding
elongation and tension test requirements.
G
If a higher tensile strength is required, the user should consult the producer.

TABLE 5 Typical Ranges of Mechanical PropertiesA, B

(Nonmandatory)
(Longitudinal Direction)
Yield Strength Elongation rm n
Designation
in 2 in. [50 ValueC ValueD
ksi [MPa] mm], %
E E
CS Type A 25/55 [170/380] $20
E E
CS Type B 30/55 [205/380] $20
E E
CS Type C 25/60 [170/410] $15
FS Types A 25/45 [170/310] $26 1.0/1.4 0.17/0.21
and B
DDS Type A 20/35 [140/240] $32 1.4/1.8 0.19/0.24
DDS Type C 25/40 [170/280] $32 1.2/1.8 0.17/0.24
EDDSF 15/25 [105/170] $40 1.6/2.1 0.22/0.27
A
The typical mechanical property values presented here are nonmandatory. They are intended solely to provide the purchaser with as much information as possible to
make an informed decision on the steel to be specified. Values outside of these ranges are to be expected. The purchaser may negotiate with the supplier if a specific
range or a more restrictive range is required for the application.
B
These typical mechanical properties apply to the full range of steel sheet thicknesses. The yield strength tends to increase and some of the formability values tend to
decrease as the sheet thickness decreases.
C
rm Value—Average plastic strain ratio as determined by Test Method E517.
D
n Value—Strain-hardening exponent as determined by Test Method E646.
E
No typical mechanical properties have been established.
F
EDDS Sheet will be free from changes in mechanical properties over time, that is, nonaging.

7.4 Bending Properties Minimum Cold Bending Radii— spot/single side coating mass designation (single spot/single
Structural steel and high-strength low-alloy steel are com- side designations are available only in SI units).
monly fabricated by cold bending. There are many interrelated 8.1.3 Use the following relationships to estimate the coating
factors that affect the ability of a steel to cold form over a given thickness from the coating weight [mass]:
radius under shop conditions. These factors include thickness, 8.1.3.1 1.00 oz/ft2 coating weight = 1.68 mils coating
strength level, degree of restraint, relationship to rolling thickness, and
direction, chemistry, and base metal microstructure. The table 8.1.3.2 7.14 g/m2 coating mass = 1.00 µm coating thickness.
in Appendix X1 lists the suggested minimum inside radius for 8.1.4 Use the following relationship to convert coating
90° cold bending for structural steel and high-strength low- weight to coating mass:
alloy steel. They presuppose “hard way” bending (bend axis 8.1.4.1 1.00 oz/ft2 coating weight = 305 g/m2 coating mass.
parallel to rolling direction) and reasonably good shop forming
practices. Where possible, the use of larger radii or “easy way” 8.2 Coating Weight [Mass] Tests:
bends are recommended for improved performance. 8.2.1 Coating weight [mass] tests shall be performed in
accordance with the requirements of Specification A924/
8. Coating Properties A924M.
8.2.2 The referee method to be used shall be Test Method
8.1 Coating Weight [Mass]:
A90/A90M.
8.1.1 Coating weight [mass] shall conform to the require-
ments as shown in Table 1 for the specific coating designation, 8.3 Coating Bend Test:
or 8.3.1 The coating bend test specimens designated by prefix
8.1.2 If required, the coating mass shall conform to the “G” [“Z”] shall be capable of being bent through 180° in any
requirements as shown in Table S2.1 for the specific single direction without flaking of the coating on the outside of the

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 A653/A653M − 22
bend only. The coating bend test inside diameter shall have a 8.3.4 Because of the characteristics of zinc-iron alloy coat-
relation to the thickness of the specimen as shown in Table 6. ings designated by prefix “A” [“ZF”] as explained in the
Flaking of the coating within 0.25 in. [6 mm] of the edge of the Discussion following 3.2.8, coating bend tests are not appli-
bend specimen shall not be cause for rejection. cable.
8.3.2 Test specimens shall be taken in accordance with
Specification A924/A924M. 9. Retests and Disposition of Non-Conforming Material
8.3.3 Test procedures are available in Test Method A1122/ 9.1 Retests, conducted in accordance with the requirements
A1122M, or in other test methods capable of evaluating the of the section on Retests and Disposition of Non-Conforming
adhesion of metallic coatings. Material of Specification A924/A924M, are permitted when an

TABLE 6 Coating Bend Test Requirements

Inch-Pound Units
Ratio of the Inside Bend Diameter to Thickness of the Specimen (Any Direction)
CS, FS, DDS, EDDS, SHS, BHS SS, GradeA
Sheet Thickness
Coating DesignationB Through 0.039 in. Over 0.039 through 0.079 Over 0.079 33 37 40
in. in.
G01 0 0 0 11⁄2 2 21⁄2
G30 0 0 0 11⁄2 2 21⁄2
G40 0 0 0 11⁄2 2 21⁄2
G60 0 0 0 11⁄2 2 21⁄2
G90 0 0 1 11⁄2 2 21⁄2
G100 0 0 1 11⁄2 2 21⁄2
G115 0 0 1 11⁄2 2 21⁄2
G140 1 1 2 2 2 21⁄2
G165 2 2 2 2 2 21⁄2
G185 2 2 2 2 2 21⁄2
G210 2 2 2 2 2 21⁄2
G235 2 2 3 3 3 3
HSLASA HSLAS-F
40 50 55D 60 40 50 55D 60 70 80
G01 11⁄2 11⁄2 21⁄2 3 1 1 1 1 11⁄2 11⁄2
G30 11⁄2 11⁄2 21⁄2 3 1 1 1 1 11⁄2 11⁄2
G40 11⁄2 11⁄2 21⁄2 3 1 1 1 1 11⁄2 11⁄2
G60 11⁄2 11⁄2 21⁄2 3 1 1 1 1 11⁄2 11⁄2
G90 11⁄2 11⁄2 21⁄2 3 1 1 1 1 11⁄2 11⁄2
G100 11⁄2 11⁄2 21⁄2 3 1 1 1 1 11⁄2 11⁄2
G115 11⁄2 11⁄2 21⁄2 3 1 1 1 1 11⁄2 11⁄2
SI Units
Ratio of the Inside Bend Diameter to Thickness of the Specimen (Any Direction)
CS, FS, DDS, EDDS, SHS, BHS SS, GradeC
Sheet Thickness
Through 1.0 mm Over 1.0 mm through 2.0 m Over 2.0 230 255 275
Coating DesignationB mm
Z001 0 0 0 11⁄2 2 21⁄2
Z90 0 0 0 11⁄2 2 21⁄2
Z120 0 0 0 11⁄2 2 21⁄2
Z180 0 0 0 11⁄2 2 21⁄2
Z275 0 0 0 11⁄2 2 21⁄2
Z305 0 0 1 11⁄2 2 21⁄2
Z350 0 0 1 11⁄2 2 21⁄2
Z450 1 1 2 2 2 21⁄2
Z500 2 2 2 2 2 21⁄2
Z550 2 2 2 2 2 21⁄2
Z600 2 2 2 2 2 21⁄2
Z700 2 3 3 3 3 3
HSLASC HSLAS-F
275 340 380D 410 275 340 380D 410 480 550
Z001 11⁄2 11⁄2 21⁄2 3 1 1 1 1 11⁄2 11⁄2
Z90 11⁄2 11⁄2 21⁄2 3 1 1 1 1 11⁄2 11⁄2
Z120 1 ⁄2
1 1 ⁄2
1 2 ⁄2
1 3 1 1 1 1 11⁄2 11⁄2
Z180 11⁄2 11⁄2 21⁄2 3 1 1 1 1 11⁄2 11⁄2
Z275 11⁄2 11⁄2 21⁄2 3 1 1 1 1 11⁄2 11⁄2
Z305 11⁄2 11⁄2 21⁄2 3 1 1 1 1 11⁄2 11⁄2
Z350 11⁄2 11⁄2 21⁄2 3 1 1 1 1 11⁄2 11⁄2
A
SS Grades 50, 55, 60, 70, 80, HSLAS Grades 70 and 80 are not subject to bend test requirements.
B
If other coatings are required, the user should consult the producer for availability and suitable bend test requirements.
C
SS Grades 340, 380, 410, 480, 550, HSLAS Grades 480 and 550 are not subject to bend test requirements.
D
Values shown for HSLAS 55, 380,HSLAS-55, and 380 apply to both Class 1 and Class 2.

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 A653/A653M − 22
unsatisfactory test result is suspected to be the consequence of 11. Keywords
the test method procedure. 11.1 alloyed coating; bake hardenable steel; high strength
9.2 Disposition of non-conforming material shall be subject low alloy; minimized spangle coating; regular spangle; sheet
to the requirements of 13.2 of Specification A924/A924M. steel; solution hardened steel; spangle-free; steel; steel sheet;
structural steel; zinc; zinc coated (galvanized); zinc iron-alloy;
10. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
zinc iron-alloy coated
10.1 All dimensions and permissible variations shall com-
ply with the requirements of Specification A924/A924M.

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following standardized supplementary requirements are for use when desired by the purchaser.
These additional requirements shall apply only when specified on the order.

S1. Base Metal Thickness S2. Single Spot/Single Side Coating Mass
S1.1 The specified minimum thickness shall apply to the S2.1 The coating designation shown on the order indicates
base metal only. the coating mass to be applied to a single side. The order shall
S1.2 The coating designation shown on the order indicates specify a coating mass designation from Table S2.1 for each
the coating to be applied to the specified minimum base metal surface. No inch pound designations are available, although for
thickness. each SI coating mass designation in Table S2.1, corresponding
inch-pound values are shown for information purposes
S1.3 Tables 15 and A1.12 Thickness Tolerances for Cold
Rolled Sheet (all designations) -1 in. [25-mm] Minimum Edge S2.2 The format for specifying the coating for each surface
Distance and Tables S1.3 and S1.6 Thickness Tolerances for on the order shall be, for instance, 60G60G. In the case of
Cold Rolled (All Designations) - 3⁄8-in. [10-mm] Minimum differential coating masses, the thicker (heavier) coating mass
Edge Distance of Specification A568/A568M. side shall be specified first, for instance 90G45G.

TABLE S2.1 Mass of Coating Requirements—Single Spot/Single SideA,B,C

NOTE 1—Use the information provided in 8.1.3 to obtain the approximate coating thickness per side from the coating mass.
NOTE 2—As stated in 1.5, values in SI and inch-pound units are not necessarily equivalent.
Single Spot/Single Side Coating Mass
SI Units Inch-Pound Units
(information only)
Type 2 2
Coating Minimum, g/m Maximum, g/m Minimum, oz/ft2 Maximum, oz/ft2
Designation
Zinc 20G 20 70 0.07 0.23
30G 30 80 0.10 0.26
40G 40 90 0.12 0.29
45G 45 95 0.15 0.31
50G 50 100 0.16 0.33
55G 55 105 0.18 0.34
60G 60 110 0.20 0.36
70G 70 120 0.23 0.40
90G 90 160 0.30 0.52
100GD 100 200 0.32 0.65
Zinc-Iron 40A 40 70 0.13 0.23
Alloy 45A 45 75 0.15 0.25
50A 50 80 0.16 0.26
A
The coating designation is the term by which the minimum single spot/single side coating mass is specified for each side.
B
As it is an established fact that the atmospheric corrosion resistance of zinc or zinc-iron alloy-coated sheet products is a direct function of coating thickness (mass), the
selection of thinner (lighter) coating designations will result in almost linearly reduced corrosion performance of the coating. For example, heavier galvanized coatings
perform adequately in bold atmospheric exposure whereas the lighter coatings are often further coated with paint or a similar barrier coating for increased corrosion
resistance. Because of this relationship, products carrying the statement “meets ASTM A653/A653M requirements” should also specify the particular coating designation.
C
Ordering to single spot/single side spot coating weight designations allows for the possibility of receiving product with a higher average total coating mass on both
surfaces than what might be expected on assumed equivalent product coated to the total both sides requirement of Table 1. The user should be aware that this may result
in issues during forming and spot welding.
D
It is permissible to order Coating Designation 100G as 98G. Historically, the conversion from 0.32 oz/ft2 to g/m2 resulted in a value of 98 g/m2, which was subsequently
rounded to 100 g/m2. Both SI designations have the same limits.

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ANNEX

(Mandatory Information)

A1. BAKE HARDENABLE STEELS

A1.1 Determination of Bake Hardening Index where:

A1.1.1 The bake hardening index (BHI) is determined by a A = flow stress at 2 % extension under load, and
B = yield strength [upper yield strength (BU) or lower yield
two-step procedure using a standard longitudinal (rolling
stress (BL)] after baking at 340 °F [170 °C] for 20 min.
direction) tensile-test specimen, prepared in accordance with
Test Methods A370. The test specimen is first strained in A1.1.2 The original test specimen cross section (width and
tension. The magnitude of this tensile “pre-strain” shall be 2 % thickness) is used in the calculation of all engineering strengths
(extension under load). The test specimen is then removed in this test.
from the test machine and baked at a temperature of 340 °F A1.1.3 The pre-straining of 2 % in tension is intended to
[170 °C] for a period of 20 min. Referring to Fig. A1.1, the simulate a modest degree of forming strain, while the subse-
bake hardening index (BHI) of the material is calculated as quent baking is intended to simulate a paint-curing or similar
follows: treatment. In the production of actual parts, forming strains,
and baking treatments can differ from those employed here
BHI 5 B 2 A (A1.1) and, as a result, final properties can differ from the values
obtained under these controlled conditions.

FIG. A1.1 Representation of Bake Hardening Index

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APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. BENDING PROPERTIES

X1.1 Table X1.1 lists suggested minimum inside radii for

cold bending.
TABLE X1.1 Suggested Minimum Inside Radii for Cold BendingA
NOTE 1— (t) equals a radius equivalent to the steel thickness.
NOTE 2—The suggested radii should be used as minimums for 90° bends in actual shop practice.
Designation Grade Minimum Inside Radius for Cold BendingB
SS 33 [230] 11⁄2 t
37 [255] 2t
40 [275] 2t
50 [340] Class 1 not applicable
50 [340] Class 2 not applicable
50 [340] Class 3 not applicable
50 [340] Class 4 not applicable
55 [380] not applicable
60 [410] not applicable
70 [480] not applicable
80 [550] Class 1 not applicable
80 [550] Class 2 not applicable
80 [550] Class 3 not applicable
HSLAS 40 [275] 2t
50 [340] 21⁄2 t
55 [380] Class 1 3t
55 [380] Class 2 3t
60 [410] 3t
70 [480] 4t
80 [550] 41⁄2 t
HSLAS-F 40 [275] 1 ⁄2 t
1

50 [340] 2t
55 [380] Class 1 2t
55 [380] Class 2 2t
60 [410] 2t
70 [480] 3t
80 [550] 3t
SHS 26 [180] 1⁄2 t

31 [210] 1t
35 [240] 11⁄2 t
41 [280] 2t
44 [300] 2t
BHS 26 [180] 1⁄2 t

31 [210] 1t
35 [240] 11⁄2 t
41 [280] 2t
44 [300] 2t
A
Material that does not perform satisfactorily, when fabricated in accordance with the requirements in Table X1.1, may be subject to rejection pending negotiation with
the steel supplier.
B
Bending capability may be limited by coating designation.

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X2. RATIONALE FOR CHANGES IN PRODUCT DESIGNATIONS

X2.1 Subcommittee A05.11 has revised the designations product variables such as substrate thickness and coating
used to classify the various products available in each hot-dip weight.
coated specification. The previous “quality” designations have
been replaced with designations and descriptions more closely X2.3 The new designations also provide the user with the
related with product characteristics. Many of the former flexibility to restrict the steels applied on any order. For
“quality” specifications described the steel only in terms of example, a user can restrict the application of ultra low carbon
limited chemical composition, which in some cases was steels on an application through the selection of an appropriate
identical for two or more qualities. The former designations “type” designator.
also did not reflect the availability of new steels which are the X2.4 There is a limited relationship between the former and
result of the use of new technologies such as vacuum degassing current systems of designation. Some of the reasons for this
and steel ladle treatments. limited relationship are: addition of steels not previously
described in ASTM specifications, restrictions placed on
X2.2 The former “quality” designators, defined in very ranges of chemical composition, the addition of typical me-
broad qualitative terms, did not provide the user with all the chanical properties, and the enhanced capability of steel
information needed to select the appropriate steel for an producers to combine chemical composition and processing
application. The new designations are defined with technical methods to achieve properties tailored to specific applications.
information such as specific chemical composition limits and
typical nonmandatory mechanical properties. These steel char- X2.5 The changes in designation are significant which may
acteristics are important to users concerned with the weldabil- create transition issues that will have to be resolved. Continued
ity and formability of the coated steel products. The typical dialogue between users and producers will have to be main-
mechanical properties included in the new designation system tained to assist with the transition to the new system of
are those indicated by the tension test. These properties are designations. A user with concerns about the appropriate
more predictive of steel formability than other tests such as the coated steel to order for a specific application should consult
hardness test which may not compensate adequately for with a steel supplier or producer.

X3. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECIFICATIONS THAT DESCRIBE REQUIREMENTS FOR A COMMON PRODUCT

X3.1 ISO 3575 and ISO 4998 may be reviewed for com- documents should be consulted for actual requirements. Those
parison with this standard. The relationship between the who use these documents must determine which specifications
standards may only be approximate; therefore, the respective address their needs.

X4. COATING MASS SELECTION BASED ON ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION RATES4 FOR ZINC-COATED STEEL SHEET

X4.1 The proper selection of coating mass to meet a user’s observed). Or, is the application one in which the time to
needs for zinc-coated steel sheet requires some knowledge failure is defined as the time when perforation of the steel sheet
about the relative corrosiveness of the environment in which is observed? In this case, the thickness of the steel sheet as well
the product will be used. The corrosion rate of the zinc coating as the thickness of the zinc coating impact the time to failure.
varies widely depending upon many factors of the environ-
ment. For example, the time of wetness is an important issue X4.3 No matter how one defines the “product life,” there are
that affects the corrosion rate. The presence of impurities such data in the published literature to assist users once the
as chlorides, nitrates, and sulfates can also dramatically affect environment and desired product life are determined.
the rate of corrosion. Other issues such as the presence or
X4.4 Although the corrosion rate can vary considerably
absence of oxygen and the temperature of the environment are
depending on the environmental factors, it is well known that,
important determinants for predicting the “life of the product.”
in most instances, the life of the zinc coating is a linear
X4.2 The final performance requirements can also impact function of coating mass for any specific environment. That
the minimum coating mass needed for a given application. For means, to achieve twice the life for any specific application, the
example, is the application an aesthetic one that requires no red user should order twice the coating mass.
rust. In this case, the time to failure is thus defined as the time X4.4.1 Examples:
for the onset of red rust (the time for the zinc coating to be X4.4.1.1 A G60 coating mass will exhibit approximately
consumed in a large enough area for rusting of the steel to be twice the life of a G30 coating mass.
X4.4.1.2 A G90 coating mass will exhibit about 50 %
4
Atmospheric corrosion rates do not apply to zinc-iron alloy coatings. longer life than a G60 coating mass.

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 A653/A653M − 22
X4.5 The following two reference books are excellent X4.5.2 Corrosion Resistance of Zinc and Zinc Alloys, Frank
sources for additional and more detailed information on the C. Porter, published by Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1994.
corrosion behavior of zinc-coated steel sheet products:
X4.5.1 Corrosion and Electrochemistry of Zinc, X. Gregory
Zhang, published by Plenum Press, 1996.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A05 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A653/A653M – 20) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Nov. 1, 2022)

(1) Added reference to Specification A924/A924M and Test

Method A1122/A1122M in Section 8.

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
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