Gmat User Guide

General Mission Analysis Tool
(GMAT) User's Guide

DRAFT
The GMAT Development Team

Goddard Space Flight Center Thinking Systems, Inc.
Codes 583 and 595 6441 N Canlino Libby
Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 T ~ i c s o nArizona
~ 85718
Contents
1 Configuring Objects/Resources
1.0.1 Overview of the Spacecraft Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.0.2 Spacecraft Orbit Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.0.3 Spacecraft Attitude Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.0.4 Spacecraft Ballistic/Mass Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.0.5 Spacecraft Sensors Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.0.6 Spacecraft Tanks Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.0.7 Spacecraft Actiiators Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.0.8 Overview of the Propagator Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.0.9 Features of the Propagator Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.0.10 Fields Associated with a ForceModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.0.11 Fields Associated with an Integrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Object Fields: Quick Look-up Tables 25

2.1 Spacecraft and Hardware Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.1.1 Overview of the Spacecraft Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.1.2 Spacecraft Orbit Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
2.1.3 Spacecraft Attitude Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.1.4 Spacecraft Ballistic/Mass Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.1.5 Spacecraft Sensors Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.1.6 Spacecraft Tanks Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
2.1.7 Spacecraft Act~iatorsTab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
2.2 Propagator Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
2.3 PIanelivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
2.4 Solver Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.5 Plots and Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.6 Solar System, Celestial Bodies and other Space Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3 Commands and Events 57

3.1 Propagation . . . . . . . . ........................................... 57
3.2 Control Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.3 Solver-relater1 . . . . . . . ........................................... 63
3.4 Miscellaneoifi . . . . . . . ........................................... 70
List of Figures
1.1 Spacecraft Dialogue Box / Orbit Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.2 Spacecraft Dialogue Box / Ballistic/Mass Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3 Spacecraft Dialogue Box / Tanks Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.4 Spacecraft Dialogue Box / Act~iatorsTab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.5 Propagator Dialogue Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.6 Drag Setup Dialogue Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.1 Spacecraft Dialogue Box / Orbit Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
2.2 Spacecraft Dialogue Box / Ballistic/Mass Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.3 Spacecraft Dialogue Box / Tanks Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.4 Spacecraft Dialogue Box / Act~iatorsTab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
List of Tables
1.1 Fields Associated with a Spacecraft Orbit State (Orbit Tab) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1.2 Fields Associated with Spacecraft Physical Properties (Ballistic/Mass Tab) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.3 Fields Associated with a Spacecraft Ballistic and Mass Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.4 Fields Associated with a Force Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.5 Fields Associated with an Integrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
2.1 Fields Associated with a Spacecraft Orbit State (Orbit Tab) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2.2 Fields Associated with Spacecraft Physical Properties (Ballistic/Mass Tab) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.3 Fields Associated with a Spacecraft Ballistic and Mass Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.4 Fields Associated with Spacecraft Attitude State (Attitude Tab) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.5 Fields Associated with a Spacecraft Tank (Tanks Tab) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.6 Fields Associated with a Spacecraft Thruster (Act~iatorsTab) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.7 Fields Associated with a Force Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.8 Fields Associated with an Integrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.9 Fields Associated with an Impulsive Burn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
2.10 Fields Associated with a Finite Burn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
2.11 Fields Associated with the fnlincon Solver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.12 Fields Associated with a Differential Corrector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.13 Fields Associated with OpenGL Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
2.14 Fields Associated with Report Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
2.15 Fields Associated with XY-Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.16 Fields Associated with the Solar System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.17 Fields Associated with a Libration Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.18 Fields Associated with a BaryCenter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.19 Fields Associated with Celestial Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
2.20 Fields Associated with a Coordinate Systenl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.21 Fields Associated with MATLAB Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.1 Propagate Conlnland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

3.2 If Conlnland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.3 While Comnland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.4 For Conlnland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
3.5 Target Conlnland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
3.6 Optimize Conlnlancl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.7 Achieve Conlnland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.8 Vary Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.9 Minimize Conlnland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
3.10 NonLinearConstraint Conlnland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.11 NIanellver Conlnland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3.12 BeginFiniteBlirn Conlnland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3.13 EndFiniteBurn Conlnland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3.14 CallFllnction Conlnland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.15 Toggle Conlnland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.16 Report Conlnland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.17 ScriptEvent Conlnland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.18 Pause Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.19 Stop Comnland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
'.. .. .:
LIST OF T-4BLES
3.20 Save Conlnland . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... 75

LIST OF 'TABLES
Chapter 1
Configuring Objects/Resources
There are nllnlerolls objects, also called resources, that the user can create and configure in GMAT. Examples include
Spacecraft, Propagators, Coordinate Systems, and Plots. Each of these resources are configllrable from the script
and GUI and this chapter discusses how to configure all objects regardless of your chosen interface.
Each section in this Chapter is devoted to a specific type of object. For each object, we present a screen capture
of the dialogle box used to configire the object from the GUI. Next we present a short explanation of how to use
the dialogue box to configure conlnlon types. Finally, a table is presented that describes in detail each setable field
for the object. The detail incllides default values, allowable inputs and ranges, and a text description of the field.
Let's begin by looking at the Spacecraft object.
Figure 1 .1: Sp~c:rcr.aft Dielogrir Box ,/ Orbit, T E , ~

1.0.1 Overview of the Spacecraft Object
The Spacecraft object is one of the most important resources in GMAT and can be configured in numerous ways.
For most mission applications, GMAT's prinlary use and function is to sinllilate and model how an actl~alspacecraft
wollld behave (or behaved) in a flight situation. You do this by creating and configuring spacecraft objects, GMAT's
nlathenlatical model of real-world spacecraft, and by issuing conlnlands such a? Propagate for GMAT to apply to
the spacecraft model.
The types of parameters and settings on the Spacecraft Object fall into several categoris: Orbit, Attitude.
Ballistic/Mass, Sensors, Tanks, and Actuators. Each of these is configired on a separate tab on the Spacecraft
dialog box. For example, you can configire the initial state and epoch on the Orbit tab. and the the nmss and
ballistic properties on the Ballistic/Mass tab. In the following sections we disc~isseach tab in detail.
Possible Coupling with Other Objects
A Spacecraft Requires Other Objects/Comnlands of Type: None.
A Spacecraft has the Potential to Couple with Objects/Conln~anclsof Type: Tank, Thruster, Differential Corrector,
fnlinconOptin~izer,XYPlot? OpenGLPlot, ReportFile, Variables/Arrays, Coordinate System, MATLAB Function,
BeginFiniteBurn, EnclFiniteBlirn, Function Call, Assignment Conmnland, Ma,neuver, Propagate, Report, Save, Script
Event, If, For, While, Vary, Achieve, Minimizel Nonlinearconstraint.
1.0.2 Spacecraft Orbit Tab
The Spacecraft/Orbit tab is used to set the orbit state and epoch and is illustrated in Fig. 2.1. On this tab, you can
choose the epoch, coordinate system, and the state representation in which to enter initial condition information.
Their are three golips on the Spacecraft/Orbit tab: Epoch, State Configiration, and State Vector. Below, we discliss
each group in cletail.
Epoch Group
The Epoch golip allows you to select the time system and time format in which to enter the initial Space-
craft epoch. Several choices are available inchiding AlModJulian, TAIModJulian, UTCModJulian, TTModJulian,
AiGregorian, TAIGregorian, UTCGregorian, TTGregorian . An epoch can be provided in either the I\;lodified Jli-
lian Date (with reference epoch 05 Jan 1941 12:00:00.000 TAI) or Gregorian Date formats. As an exanlple: the J2000
Epoch should be expressed using the Gregorian date fornlat as 01 Jan 2000 12:00.000 (TDB).
Note that if you change the EpochFormat conlbo box, and have defined the spacecraft state with respect to a
time dependent coordinate system, the state vector representation in the GUI does not change. For example, if you
define a Spacecraft's state with respect to the Earth Fixed system, and then change the epoch, you have not changed
the state vector in the Earth Fixed systenl and therefore the values in the GUI do not change. However, change the
epoch does change the inertial state that results from converting the Earth Fixed state to the inertial state. This
is because the orientation of the Earth Fixed frame is different at the new epoch, and so the transformation to the
inertial frame yields a new results.
State Configuration Group

The State Configllration group allows the user to select the coordinate systenl and state representation for a
Spacecraft's initial conditions. The StateType pull-down menu contains several options for the orbit state Represen-
tation including Cartesian? Keplerian, Modif iedKeplerian, SphericalAZFPA, SphericalRADEC, Equinoctial .
The Coordinate System pull-down menu allows yo11 to specify the Coordinate Systenl in which the Spacecraft's ini-
tial conditions are expressed. The default coordinate systems always appear and are EarthMJ2000Eq,EarthMJOOOEc,
and EarthFixed. If you create other user defined Coordinate Systems, they also appear in the Coordinate System
clropdown menu. The nlinleric vahies contained in the State Vector group are dynanlically updated as changes are
made to S t a t e Type and Coordinate System. For example, if you enter a state vector in EarthMJ2000Eq, hit
apply, and change the Coordinate Systenl pull-clown to Earth Fixed? the GUI will reconfigire to show the equivalent
state vector in the Earth Fixed systenl at the defined epoch.
State Vector Group
The State Vector group contains the numeric values for a Spacecraft's initial conditions. The state vector is
shown in the selected state representation as defined in S t a t e Type and is expressed in the requested coordinate
system defined by Coordinate System. The labels, units. and numeric values dynanlically respond to changes in
either the Coordinate System or S t a t e Type pdl-down menus. Yo11 can m e the State Vector to group to define a
spacecraft's initial conditions in any coordinate system, or to view the spacecraft's state in any coordinate system.
A detailed discussion of all fields on the Spacecraft Orbit tab is found in Table 2.1. Now let's look at the Spacecraft
Attitude tab.
1.0.3 Spacecraft Attitude Tab
This Tab is not currently supported in GMAT. It is inch~dedonly to illustrate look-and-feel of fiit~n-eenhancements.
1.0.4 Spacecraft Ballistic/Mass Tab
The BallisticlMass tab, shown in Fig. 2.2is wed to set spacecraft mass and ballistic properties. On this panel,
yo11 can set properties such as DryMass, DragArea, and SRPArea anlong others. GMAT currently only supports a
point-mass spacecraft model. In the future GMAT will support a higher fidelity spacecraft model, and this panel
will allow yo11 to set the spacecraft nlonients of inertia and other properties.
Figlire 1.2: Spacecraft Dialogiie Box ,/ Ballistic/h,lass 'Tat)
Ballistics Group
The Ballistics group allows the user to specify spacecraft physical properties that are used to calculate properties
such as the ballistic coefficient. A detailed disclission of all fields on the Spacecraft Ballistic/Mass tab is found in
Table 2.3. Now let's look at the Sensors tab.
1i)
1.0.5 Spacecraft Sensors Tab
This Tab is not currently supported in GMAT
1.0.6 Spacecraft Tanks Tab
The Spacecraft/Tanks tab allows you to add nlliltiple tanks to a spacecraft. Tanks are created separately from
spacecraft and if you have not created any tanks, the Available Tanks list will appear empty. Yo11 can add an
existing tank to a spacecraft by selecting the desired tank using a left mowe click and then lising a left mouse click
on the right-arrow icon. If there are no existing tanks, go to the resource tree, right click on the Hardware folder
that appears as a slibfolder to spacecraft, and select Adcl/Fuel Tank.
1.0.7 Spacecraft Actuators Tab
The spacecraft/Actuators tab allows you to add nniltiple actuators to a spacecraft. Currently the only actuator that
GMAT supports are thrusters. You n111st create a thruster before yo11 can add it to a spacecraft. If you have not
created any thrusters, the Available Thrusters list will appear empty. You can add existing thrusters to a spacecraft
by selecting the desired thruster using a left mouse click and then using a left nlol~seclick on the right-arrow icon.
To create a Thruster, go to the resource tree? right click on the Hardware folder that appears as a slibfolder to
spacecraft, and select Add/ThrlLster.
Figure 1.4: Spacecraft Dialogu~t:B m j Actulattors Tab
Table 1.1: Fields Associated with a Spacecraft Orbit State

(Orbit Tab)
Field Options and Description

StateType Defadt: Cartesian. Options: [~artesian, Keplerian,
Modif iedKeplerian, SphericalAZFPA, Spheri~alRADEC~ Equinoctial 1.
The StateType field allows the liser to configure the type of state vector
that they wish to use. The Statetype field has a dependency upon the
CoordinateSystem field. If the Coordinate Systeni chosen by the user
does not have a gravitational body at the origin, then the state types
Keplerian, ModifiedKeplerian, and Equinoctial are not permitted.
This is because these state types require a p value. Units: N/A. When the
Keplerian or Modif iedKeplerian state types are selected, the Anomaly
Type field beconies visible.
Coordinate System Default: EarthMJ2000Eq. Options: [ EarthMJ2000Eq, EarthMJ2000Ec,

EarthFixed, or any user defined system]: The Coordinate System field
allows the user to choose which coordinate systenl with which to define the
orbit state vector. The Coordinatesystem field has a dependency upon
the StateType field. If the Coordinate Systenl chosen by the user does not
have a gravitational body at the origin, then the state types Keplerian,
Modif iedKeplerian, and Equinoctial are not permitted. Thk is because
these state types require a valuie. Units: NjA.
Table 1.1: (Fields Associated with a Spacecraft Orbit State
(Orbit Tab). continlied)

EpochFormat Default: TAIModJulian. Options: [AlModJulian, TAIModJulian,
UTCModJulian, TTModJulian, AlGregorian, TAIGregorian,
UTCGregorian, TTGregorian 1: The DateFormat field allows the mser to
specify the fornlat for defining a spacecraft's initial epoch. DateFormat
determines both the time system (TAI, T T ? etc) and the time fornlat
(MJD or Gregorian). Units: N/A.
Epoch Default: 21545.000000000. Options: [See Comments]: The Epoch field

allows the user to specify the initial spacecraft epoch. The fornlat of the
epoch nlu~stbe consistent with the DateFormat field. If DateFormat is of the
"MJD" type, then the epoch is in Modified Jlilian format. If DateFormat
is a "Gregorian Type", the fornlat is similar to 01 Jan 2000 12:00:00.000.
Units: MJD - days, Gregorian - N/A.
AnomalyType Defaullt: TA. Options: [ TA? MA? EA? HA]: The Epoch field allows the
user to specify the to select the AnomalyType needed for the Keplerian
or Modif iedKeplerian spacecraft state. In the scripting environment,
AnomalyType is not wed. Units: N/A.
Fields associated with Cartesian state.
Default: 7100. Options: [ Real Nunlber 1: X is the x-component of

the Spacecraft state in the coordinate systenl chosen in the Spacecraft
CoordinateSystem field. Units: knl.
Defadt: 0. Options: [ Real Nunlber 1: Y is the y-component of

Default: 1300. Options: [ Real Number 1: Z is the z-component of

Defa~lt: 0. Options: [ Real Nlinlber 1: VX is the x-component of the

Spacecraft velocity in the coordinate system chosen in the Spacecraft
CoordinateSystem field. Units: knl/sec.
Defadt: 7.35. Options: [ Real Nunlber 1: VY is the y-component of

the Spacecraft velocity in the coordinate system chosen in the Spacecraft
Defadt: 1.0. Options: [ Real Nllmber 1: VZ is the z-component of

the Spacecraft velocity in the coordinate systenl chosen in the Spacecraft
NOTE: Default values for the remaining state types are obtained through
transfornlations of the default Cartesian spacecraft state valu~es. The
Keplerian, ModifiedKeplerian? and Equinoctial are dependant on the
origin of the CoordinateSystem. becallse the state types require a p valuie.
(Orbit Tab). continued)
Fields associated with Keplerian state.
SMA Defallt: 7191.938817629. Options: [Real Nllnlber # 0 1: The SMA field

is the spacecraft orbit's oscullating Keplerian senlinlajor axis in coordinate
systenl chosen in the Spacecraft Coordinatesystem field. ShlA nuist be
strictly greater than or less than zero. For circular and elliptical (0 5 ECC
< 1) orbits SMA shoulld only be a positive Real Number and for hyperbolic
orbits (ECC > 1) SMA should only be a negative Real Nunlber. GMAT
does not support the creation of parabolic orbits. Units: km.
ECC Default: 0.024549749. Options: [ 0 5 Real Number, ECC# 1 1: The ECC

field is the spacecraft orbit's oscillating eccentricity. ECC nlllst be greater
than or equal to zero but not equal to one (GMAT does not support
parabolic orbits). Note: ECC can be greater thanone. See the SMA de-
scription for additional restrictions to the allowable values of ECC. Units:
Dimen.ionless.
INC Default: 12.850080057. Options: [Real Nlinlber]: The INC field is the
spacecraft orbit's oscullating inclination! in degrees, w/r/t to the selected
coordinate systenl. Units: degrees.
AOP Defallt: 314.190551536. Options: [Real Nlmlber]:The AOP field is the

spacecraft orbit's osculating arguinlent of periapsis, in degrees, w/r/t to the
selected coordinate system. Units: degrees.
RAAN Default: 306.614802195. Options: [Real Nlmlber]: The RAAN field is

the spacecraft orbit's osculating right ascension of the ascending node, in
degrees, w/r/t to the selected coordinate system. Units: degrees.
Default: 99.887749332. Options: [Real Nllnlber]: The TA field is the space-

craft orbit's osculating true anomaly. Units: degrees.
Default: 97.107826639. Options: [Real Nunlber]: The MA field is the

spacecraft orbit's osculating mean anomaly. Units: degrees.
Default: 98.498977103. Options: [Real Number]: The EA field is the space-

craft orbit's osculating eccentric anonlaly. Units: degrees.
Default: 0.000000000. Options: [Real Nlinlber]: The HA field is the space-

craft orbit's osculating hyperbolic anomaly. Units: degrees.
Fields associated with Modif iedKeplerian state.
RadApo Default: 7015.378524789. Options: [Real Nunlber # 0 1: The RadApo field

is the spacecraft orbit's oscullating radius of apoapsis. RadApo nmst be
strictly greater than or less than zero. When RadApo is negative? the orbit
is hyperbolic. Units: knl.

RadPer Default: 7368.4991104681 Options: [Real Nlinlber > 0 1: The RadPer field
is the spacecraft orbit's osclilating radius of periapsis. RadPer mmst be
greater than zero. Units: km.
INC See the Keplerian state section for a description on this field.
AOP See the Keplerian state section for a description on this field.
RAAN See the Keplerian state section for a description on this field.
TA See the Keplerian state section for a description on this field.
MA See the Keplerian state section for a description on this field.
EA See the Keplerian state section for a description on this field.
HA See the Keplerian state section for a description on this field.
Fields associated with SphericalAZFPA state.
RMAG Default: 7218.03297304. Options: [Real Nlinlber > 01: The RMAG field
allows the user to set the magnit~ideof the spacecrafts position vector.
Units: knl.
RA Defadt: 0. Options: [Real Nunlber]: The RA field allows the user to set
the spacecraft's right ascension. Units: degrees.
DEC Default: 10.3758449200. Options: [Real Nlinlber]: The DEC field allows the
user to set the spacecraft's declination. Units: degrees.
VMAG Defadt: 7.41771528167. Options: [Real Nlinlber > 01: The VMAG field
allows the user to set the magnitude of the spacecraft's velocity. Units:
km/sec.
AZI Default: 82.377421681. Options: [Real N~mnlber]:The AZI field allows the
user to set the spacecraft's azinluth angle. Units: degrees.
FPA Defadt: 88.60870365370. Options: [Real Number]: The FPA allows the
user to set a spacecraft's flight path angle. Units: degrees.
Fields associated with SphericalRADEC state.
RMAG See the SphericalAZFPA state section for a description on this field.
RA See the SphericalAZFPA state section for a description on this field.
DEC See the SphericalAZFPA state section for a description on this field.
VMAG See the SphericalAZFPA state section for a description on this field.
RAV Defallt: 90. Options: [Real Nunlber]: The RAV field i allows the wser to set
the right ascension of the spacecraft's velocity. Units: degrees.
DECV Default: 7.7477720361. Options: [Real N~mlber]:The DECV field allows the
user to set the declination of the spacecraft's velocity. Units: clegrees.
Fields associated with Equinoctial elements.
SMA See the Keplerian state section for a description on this field.
h Defallt: -0.024234314. Options: [Real Nllnlber]: The h field is the projec-

tion of the eccentricity vector onto the yepaxes. The Fe, systenl is a systenl
used in calcllating the equinoctial elenlents and is beyond the scope of this
discussion. The GMAT Mathenlatical Specifications doclinlent disclisses
Fep and the calc~dationof the equinoctial elenlents in detail. Units: None.
Defallt: -0.003922779. Options: [Real Nunlber]: The k field is the projec-

tion of the eccentricity vector onto the zepaxes. The Fepsystenl is a system
used in calculating the equinoctial elenlents and is beyond the scope of this
discussion. The GMAT Mathenlatical Specifications clocunlent disclisses
Fe, and the calcllation of the equinoctial elenlents in detail. Units: None.
Defallt: -0.090388347. Options: [Real Nunlber]: The p field is the projec-

tion of the N vector onto the yep axes. The N vector and the Fepsystenl
are used in calcdating the equinoctial elenlents and are beyond the scope
of this discllssion. The GMAT Mathenlatical Specifications doclmlent dis-
c~lssesN and Fep and the calclllation of the equinoctial elenlents in detail.
Units: None.
Defallt: 0.067164549. Options: [Real Nllnlber]: The q field is the projec-

tion of the N vector onto the zep axes. The N vector and the Fepsystem
are used in calculating the equinoctial elenlents and are beyoncl the scope
of this discllssion. The GMAT Mathenlatical Specifications document dis-
cusses N and Fep and the calc~ilationof the equinoctial elenlents in detail.
Units: None.
MeanLongitude Defadt: 3.16359946. Options: [Real Number]: The MeanLongitude field

is the the spacecraft's mean longitude. The GMAT Mathenlatical Spec-
ifications docllnlent discllsses mean longitude and the calclllation of the
eql~inoctialelenlents in detail. Units: degrees.
Table 1.2: Fields Associated with Spacecraft Physical Properties
(Ballistic/Mass Tab)

DryMass Default: 850. Options: [Real Nllnlber > 01: The DryMass field allows the
user to specify the mass of the spacecraft structure, but does not include
the mass of tanks, thrusters, or fuel. Units: kg.
D e f a ~ l t :2.2. Options: [Real Nlinlber > 01: The Cd field allows the user t o
specify the spacecraft's drag coefficient. Units: None.
Default: 1.8. Options: [Real Number > 01: The C r field allows the user t o
specify the spacecraft's coefficient of reflectivity. Units: None.
DragArea Default: 15. Options: [Real Nlinlber > 01: The DragArea is the effective
spacecraft area used in calculate the force due to drag. Units: m2.
SFPArea Defadt: 1. Options: [Real Nlinlber > 01: The SWArea is the effective
spacecraft area used in calclilate the force due to solar radiation pressures.
Units: m2.
Table 1.3: Fields Associated with a Spacecraft Ballistic and Mass

Properties

Cd Default: 2.2. Options: [Real Nunlber > 01: Cd is the spacecraft's drag
coefficient. Cd must be greater than 0. Units: Dimensionless.
Default: 2.2. Options: [0 5 Real Nlinlber 5 2.01: C r is the spacecraft's

coefficient of reflectivity. C r nnwt be greater than 0. Units: Dimensionless.
DragArea Defadt: 15.0. Options: [Real Nllnlber > 01: The DragArea is the area of
the spacecraft that is wed in calclllating atmospheric drag. DragArea n u ~ t
be greater than 0. Units: n12
SWArea Default: 1.0. Options: [Real Nlmlber > 01: The SFPArea is the area of
the spacecraft that is used in calculating the force due to solar radiation
pressure. SRPArea must be greater than 0. Units: m2
Default: 850.0. Options: [Real Nunlber > 01: The DryMass is the mass of
the spacecraft without the mass of tanks and fuel. DryMass must be greater
than 0. Units: kg
1.0.8 Overview of the Propagator Object
In GMAT? a Propagator is a conhination of an integrator and a force model. Hence, a Propagator contains a
physical model of the space environment that is used to model the motion of a spacecraft as it moves forwards
or backwards in time (VOP fornllilation is not currently supported). You configire a Propagator by selecting
anlong different nlimerical integrators and environment nlodels to create a Propagator appropriate to the flight
1.5: Propi3,gtitor Diii.li)gil~:Box
Fig~~rc:
regime of spacecraft your mission. GMAT supports the following various numerical integrators: RungeKutta89,
RungeKutta68, RungeKutta56, PrinceDormand45, PrinceDormand78, BulirschStoer, AdamsBashforthMoulton.
Force n~odelssupported by GMAT include point mass and non-spherical gravity, atmospheric drag (Earth), and
solar radiation pressure
To propagate spacecraft in GMAT, yo11 first create and configire a Propagator object in the script or in the
Resource Tree. Then, in the nlission sequence, you create a Propagate Event, the topic of Chapter ? ? ? and select
anlong previously existing Propagators and Spacecraft. Hence, a Propagator is different from a Propagate Event: A
Propagator is a resource and is found in the GUI under the resource tree, a Propagate Event is config~iredunder the
klission Tree and is how you instruct GMAT to propagate spacecraft.
The Propagator dialogue box is illustrated in Fig. 1.5 and contains two group boxes: the Integrator group and
the Force Model group. In t h k Chapter, we discuss the items in each gro~ipon the Propagate Panel. We present
how to configure a propagator and disc~lssall possible llser settable fields in detail.
A Propagator Requires Other Objects/Cornrnands of Type: Force Model (Script Only). (Note: There are slight
differences in how you configure a Propagator in the script and GUI and we refer you to the script exanlple shown
in the next section for details. Effort has been made to reduce any difference between the script and GUI. Fiiture
versions of GMAT will address this problenl with the Propagator object.
A Propagator has the Potential to Couple with Objects/Comn~andsof Type: Propagate.
1.0.9 Features of the Propagator Dialog Box
The Propagator Dialogue Box contains two groups boxes: Integrator and Force Model. You select and configure a
numerical integrator using the Integrator groiip and a Force Model in the Force Model groiip. Let's begin by looking
at the Integrator group.
Integrator Group
The Integrator group allows you to select and configure a numerical integrator appropriate to your application.
You select the type of numerical integrator in the Type pdl-down menu. After selecting the integrator type, the
fields below the Type plll-down nlenu dynanlically configure to allow you to set relevant parameters for the selected
integrator type. All integrators except for Adams-Bashforth-Mo~llton (ABM) are configured wing the same fields.
The ABI\/I integrator has the following additional fields: MinIntegrationError and NomIntegrationError
Table 2.8 contains a detailed discl~ssionof each ~ser-settablefield for a nlinlerical integrator.
Force Model Group
The Force Model group allows you to configure a force model appropriate to the flight regime of your application.
The central body of propagation and error control method are also defined here. On a Propagator, GMAT classifies
all celestial bodies into two nlutually exclusive categories: Primary Bodies, and Point Masses. Prinlary bodies can
have a conlplex force model that includes non-spherical gravity?drag, and solar radiation pressure. Point mass bodies
only have a spherical point-mass gravitational force.
While the Propagate dialogue box is designed to support nlliltiple primary bodies, GMAT currently only supports
a single prinlary body per propagator. You can add a Prinlary Body by clicking the S e l e c t button in the Prinlary
Bodies group box. Once you have added a Prinlary Body (or nll~litiplebodies in future versions), the pull down
menu allows you to configure the force nloclel for each Prinlary Body. The text box, next to the S e l e c t button
contains a list of all Primary Bodies so you can see which bodies are being treated with conlplex force models. In
filture versions, GMAT will support nlultiple prinlary bodies on a propagator allowing you to use a non-spherical
gravity model for the Earth and Moon sinlultaneollsly.
Configuring certain fields in the Force Model group affects the availability of other fields. For example, if you
remove all bodies from the Prinlary Bodies list, the Gravity Field, Atmosphere Model, and Magnetic Field groups
are disabled. Similarly, in the Gravity Field group, the search button and the Model File field are only active if
"Other" is selected in the Type pull-down. In the Atmosphere Model group, the Setup button is only active when
MSISE-90 or Jachhia-Roberts are selected in the Type plll-down
GMAT allows you to define Solar flux properties if you select either the MSISE-90 or Jachhi;lrRoberts atmosphere
models. By selecting one of these nlodels in the Type pull-down menu in the Atmosphere Model group, the Setup
button is enabled. Clicking on the Setup button brings up the panel illustrated in Fig. 1.6. Here yo11 can input Solar
flux values. GMAT does not currently support flux files though f u t ~ r eversions will.
Table 2.7 contains a detailed disclssion of each ~ser-settablefields for a force model.
1.0.10 Fields Associated with a ForceModel
Tizl~lc:1.4: Fieltis Assuc:iat>etlwith a, Furre Mc~clel

CentralBody Default: Earth. Options: [ Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Luna,
Mars, J u p i t e r , Saturn, Uranus? Neptune, Pluto 1: The Cen-
tralBody field allows the user to select the origin for the propaga-
tion. All propagation occurs in the FK5 axes system, about the
CentralBody chosen by the user. The CentralBody must be a grav-
itational body and so cannot be a Librationpoint or other special
point. Units: N/A.
Tttl~le1.4: (Fieltls Ah,soc:iatecl with Force hI1,dt.l...c:ut~tj~~i~efiI

PrimaryBodies Defallt: {Earth). Options: [ Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Luna,
Mars, J u p i t e r , Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto 1: The Pri-
nlaryBodies field is a list of all celestial bodies that are to be
nlodelled with a force model more conlplex than point mass grav-
ity. Lists are surrolinded by curly braces. For each PrinlaryBody,
the user can choose a drag, magnetic field, and aspherical gravity
niodel. There is a coupling between the PrimaryBodies filed and
the PointMasses field. A prinlary body can be any planet or moon
not included in the PointMasses field. Units: N/A.
Gravity.PrimaryBody.PotentialFile Defadt: JGM2. Optionx [ CentralBody-based models, Other. See

Coninients 1. This field allows the user to define the source for the
non-spherical gravity coefficients for a priniary body. If a grav-
ity file is located in the Prinlary Body's potential path aq defined
in the startup file, you only need to specify the model name and
not the entire path. For example, if the JGM2 coefficients file is
contained in the directory defined in the startup file by the line
EARTH-POT-PATH? then you only need to specify the model
nanle JGM2. If the model is not contained in the body's poten-
tial path, you must supply the entire path as well as the file name.
If GMAT does not successfully find the file requested, it uses the
default gravity model as defined in the startup file. Froni the GUI,
only models for Earth appear if Earth is the active primary body.
This is to avoid allowing the user to select a hmar potential model
for the Earth. If the Other option is selected the user has the abil-
ity of selecting a gravity niodel file on their local computer. Units:
None.
Gravity.PrimaryBody.Degree Default: 4. Options: [ Integer >O and < the nlaxinllml specified by
the model? Order 5 Degree 1. This field allows the user to select the
the degree, or n~inlberof zonal terms, in the non-spherical gravity
model. Ex. Gravity. Earth. Degree = 2 tells GMAT to use only
the J2 zonal tern1 for the Earth. The value for Degree nnist be less
than the nlaxinllinl degree specified by the Model. Units: None.
Gravity.PrimaryBody.Order Default: 4. Options: [ Integer >O and < the nlaxinllrnl specified by
the model? Order 5 Degree 1. This field allows the user to select
the the order, or nlinlber of tesseral terms, in the non-spherical
gravity model. Ex. Gravity.Earth.Order = 2 tells GMAT to use
2 tesseral terms. Note: Order nllist be greater than or equal to
Degree. Units: None.
Drag Default: None. Options: [None, JachhiaRoberts, MSISESO,

Exponential 1. The Drag field allows a wser to specify a drag
model. Currently, only one drag model can be chosen for a partic-
ular propagator and only Earth nlodels are available. Units: N/A.
Note: This field 711211 be deprecated in future versions of GMAT.
Currentlyt the Drag field and the Drag.AtmosphereMode1 field
m u s t be set t o the same I J ~ ~ I L ~ .
Drag.AtmosphereMode1 Default: None. Options: [ ~ a c h h i a ~ o b e r t s MSISESO,
,
Exponential 1. The Drag.AtmosphereMode1 field allows a user
to specify a drag model. Currently, only one drag niodel can be
chosen for a particular propagator and only Earth nlodeLs are avail-
able. Units: N/A.
Default: 150. Options: [ Real Nunher 2 0 1. The F107 field allows

you to set the F10.7 solar flux value llsed in coniputing atnlospheric
density. F10.7 is the solar radiation at a wavelength of 10.7 cm.
Units: W/m2/ Hz
Default: 150. Options: [ Real Nlmlber > 0 1. The F107A field

allows you to set the average F10.7 value. ~ 1 0 . 7is the average of
F10.7 over one month. Units: w / m 2 / ~ z
Defallt:3. Options: [ 0 5 Real Nunlber 5 9 1: 'The MagneticIndex

index field allows yo11 to set the k., value for m e in atmospheric
density calcnlation~.kp is a planetary 3-hour-average, geomagnetic
index that measures nlagnetic effects of solar radiation. Units:
None.
SRP Defa~dt:Off. Options: [ On, Off 1. The SRP field allows the user to
include the force due to solar radiation pressure in the total sun1
of forces. Units: N/A.
PointMasses Default: None. Options [ Sun, Mercury, Venus? Earth, Luna, Mars?
J u p i t e r , Saturn, Uranus? Neptune, P l u t o 1. A PointMass is a
planet or moon that is nlodelled by a point source located at its
center of gravity. A PointMass body can be any planet or moon
not included in the PrinlaryBodies field. Units: N/A.
ErrorControl Default: RSSStep. Options: [ RSSStep, RSSState, Largest S t a t e ,

LargestStep]: The ErrorControl field allows you to choose how
a Propagator measures the error in an integration step. The algo-
rithm selected in the ErrorControl field is used to determine the
error in the current step, and this error is compared to the value
set in the Accuracy field to determine if the step has an accept-
able error or needs to be improved. All error measurements are
relative error?however, the reference for the relative error changes
depending upon the selection of ErrorControl. RSSState is the
Root Sum Square (RSS) relative error measured with respect to
the current step. RSSState is the (RSS) relative error measured
with respect to the current state. LargestStep is the state vector
component with the largest relative error measured with respect
to the current step. L a r g e s t s t a t e is the state vector component
with the largest relative error measured with respect to the current
state. For a more detailed discussion see the GMAT Mathematical
Specification. Units: N/A.
1.0.11 Fields Associated with an Integrator

7al)le i .5: Fielt3s Associateti wii.11 aai Trlt;egtal.or
Field Ontions and Descrintion
Fields associated with All Integrators
Default: RungeKutt a89. Options: [ RungeKutt a89, RungeKutt a68,

RungeKutta56, PrinceDormand45, PrinceDormand78, BulirschStoer,
AdamsBashforthMoulton 1: The Type field is used to set the type of
numlerical integrator. Units: N/A.
InitialStepSize Default: 60 (sec). Options: [ Real Number 1. The I n i t i a l S t e p S i z e is

the size of the first attempted step by the integrator. If the step defined by
I n i t i a l S t e p S i z e does not satisfy Accuracy, the integrator adapts the step
according an algorithm defined in the nlathematical specifications document to
find an acceptable first step that meets the user's requested Accuracy. Units:
sec.
Accuracy Default: le-11. Options: [ Real Nllniber 2 0 1. The Accuracy field is used
to set the desired acculracy for an integration step. Units: N/A. When yo11
set a value for Accuracy, GMAT umes the nlethocl selected in ErrorControl
field on the Force Model, to determine a metric of the accuracy. For each step,
the integrator ensures that the accuracy, a5 calculate wing the method define
by ErrorControl, is less than the limit defined by Accuracy. If an integrator
exceeds MaxStepAttempts trying to meet the requested accuracy, and error
niessage is thrown and propagation stops.
MinStep Default: .001 (sec). Options: [ Real Nllnlber > 0, MinStep < MaxStep 1. The
MinStep field is used to set the nlininluml allowable step size. Units: sec.
MaxStep Default: 2700.0 (sec.). Options: [ Real Nulnlber > O? MinStep 5 MaxStep 1.
The MaxStep field is wed to set the niaxinlllnl allowable step size. Units: sec.
MaxStepAttempts Default: 50. Options: [ Integer > 01. The MaxStepAttempts field allows the
user to set the number of attempts the integrator takes to meet the tolerance
defined by Accuracy. Units: None.
Fields associated only with Adams-Bashforth-Moulton Integrator
MinIntegrationError Default: 1.0e-13. Options: [ Real Number > 0, MinIntegrationError <

NomIntegrationError < Accuracy 1: The MinIntegrationError field is u ~ e d
by the ABM integrator (and other predictor-corrector integrators when irnple-
nlented) as the desired integration error to be obtained when the step size is
changed. Predictor-Corrector integrators adapt step size when the obtained in-
tegration error falls olltside of the range of acceptable steps, as determined by
the boulnds set by the MinIntegrationError and Accuracy fields. The integra,
tor then applies an internal calcuilation to recompute the step size, attempting
to hit the NomIntegrationError? and restarts the integrator. Units: N/A.
Table 1.5: Fields Assc:cia;tecl wii 11 a ri Tr~tegrxtor. ...(c.:)r~tincied)

NomIntegrationError Default: 1.0e-11. Options: [ Real Number > 0, MinIntegrationError <
NomIntegrationError < Accuracy 1: The NomIntegrationError field is wed
by the ABM integrator (and other predictor-corrector integrators when imple-
mented) as the desired integration error to be obtained when the step size is
changed. Predictor-Corrector integrators arlapt step size when the obtained in-
tegration error falls outside of the range of acceptable steps, as determined by
the bounds set by the MinIntegrationError and Accuracy fields. The integra-
tor then applies an internal calcl~lationto reconlpute the step size? attempting
to hit the NomIntegrationError,and restarts the integrator. Units: N/A.
Script Examples
Create ForceModel Myprop-ForceModel;

GMAT Myprop-ForceMode1,CentralBody = Earth;
GMAT Myprop-ForceModel.PrimaryBodies = (Earth);
GMAT MyProp~ForceModel.PointMasses = (Sun, Luna);
GMAT Myprop-ForceModel.Drag = None;
GMAT Myprop-ForceModel.SRP = Off;
GMAT Myprop-ForceModel.ErrorControl = RSSStep;
GMAT Myprop-ForceMode1.Gravity.Earth.Degree = 4;
GMAT Myprop-ForceModel.Gravity.Earth.Order = 4;
GMAT Myprop-ForceModel.Gravity.Earth.Potentia1File =/JGM2v;
Create Propagator MyProp;

GMAT MyProp.FM = Myprop-ForceModel;
GMAT MyProp.Type = RungeKutta89;
GMAT MyProp.InitialStepSize = 60;
GMAT MyProp.Accuracy = 9.999999999999999e-012;
GMAT MyProp.MinStep = 0.001;
GMAT MyProp.MaxStep = 2700;
GMAT MyProp.MaxStepAttempts = 50;
Figure 1.6: Drag Setup Diaiog~leBos
Chapter 2
Object Fields: Quick Look-up Tables
2.1 Spacecraft and Hardware Fields
Figure 2.1: Spacecraft Eiidogne Box !; Orbit. Tab
2.1.1 Overview of the Spacecraft Object
The Spacecraft object is one of the most inlportant resources in G'IAT and can be configllred in nllnlerolis ways.
For most mission applications, GMAT's prinlary use and function is to simlilate and model how an actual spacecraft
wollld behave (or behaved) in a flight sit~iation.You do this by creating and configuring spacecraft objects, GMAT's
mathenlatical model of real-world spacecraft? and by issuing conlnlands such as Propagate for GMAT to apply to
the spacecraft model.
The types of parameters and settings on the Spacecraft Object fall into several categoris: Orbit? Attitude,
25 ( X A P T E R 2. CISJECT FIELDS: QliZCK LO(IK-LiP TABLES
Ballistic/Mms~ Sensors? Tanks, and Act~iators. Each of these is configured on a separate tab on the Spacecraft
dialog box. For example, you can configure the initial state and epoch on the Orbit tab, and the the mass and
ballistic properties on the Ballistic/Mass tab. In the following sections we discuss each tab in detail.

A Spacecraft Requires Other Objects/Conln~andsof Type: None.
A Spacecraft has the Potential to Couple with Objects/Conlnlands of Type: Tank, Thruster, Differential Corrector,
fnlinconOptinlizer, XYPlot, OpenGLPlot, ReportFile, Variables/Arrays, Coordinate System, MATLAB F~mction'
BeginFiniteBurn, EndFiniteBurn, Fllnction Call, Assignment Conmnland, Maneuver, Propagate, Report, Save, Script
Event, If? For, While, Vary, Achieve, Minimize, Nonlinearconstraint.
2.1.2 Spacecraft Orbit Tab
The Spacecraft/Orbit tab is used to set the orbit state and epoch and is illustrated in Fig. 2.1. On this tab, you can
choose the epoch, coordinate system, and the state representation in which to enter initial condition information.
Their are three golips on the Spacecraft/Orbit tab: Epoch, State Configuration?and State Vector. Below, we discllss
each group in detail.
Epoch Group
The Epoch group allows yo11 to select the time systenl and time fornlat in which to enter the initial Space-
craft epoch. Several choices are available incl~~ding AlModJulian' TAIModJulian, UTCModJulian, TTModJulian,
AIGregorian? TAIGregorian, UTCGregorian, TTGregorian . An epoch can be provided in either the Modified JII-
lian Date (with reference epoch 05 Jan 1941 12:00:00.000 TAI) or Gregorian Date formats. As an example, the 52000
Epoch should be expressed using the Gregorian date fornlat as 01 Jan 2000 12:00.000 (TDB).
Note that if you change the EpochFormat conlbo box, and have defined the spacecraft state with respect to a
time dependent coordinate system, the state vector representation in the GUI does not change. For example, if yo11
define a Spacecraft's state with respect to the Earth Fixed system, and then change the epoch, yo11 have not changed
the state vector in the Earth Fixed systenl and therefore the values in the GUI do not change. However, change the
epoch does change the inertial state that reslilts from converting the Earth Fixed state to the inertial state. This
is because the orientation of the Earth Fixed frame is different at the new epoch, and so the transformation to the
inertial frame yields a new results.
State Configuration Group

The State Configllration grolip allows the user to select the coordinate system and state representation for a
Spacecraft's initial conditions. The StateType pull-down menu contains several options for the orbit state Represen-
tation inchiding Cartesian, Keplerian, Modif iedKeplerian, SphericalAZFPA, SphericalRADEC, Equinoctial .
The Coordinate System pull-down menu allows yo11 to specify the Coordinate Systenl in which the Spacecraft's ini-
tial conditions are expressed. The default coordinate systenls always appear and are EarthMJ2000Eq,EarthMJOOOEc,
and EarthFixed. If you create other user defined Coordinate Systems, they also appear in the Coordinate System
dropdown menu. The numeric values contained in the State Vector group are dynanlically updated as changes are
nlade to S t a t e Type and Coordinate System. For example, if you enter a state vector in EarthMJ2000Eq, hit
apply, and change the Coordinate System plill-down to Earth Fixed, the GUI will reconfigire to show the equivalent
state vector in the Earth Fixed system at the defined epoch.
State Vector Group

The State Vector group contains the numeric values for a Spacecraft's initial conditions. The state vector is
shown in the selected state representation as defined in S t a t e Type and is expressed in the requested coordinate
systenl defined by Coordinate System. The labels, units, and nllnleric values dynanlically respond to changes in
either the Coordinate System or S t a t e Type plll-down menus. Yo11 can use the State Vector to group to define a
spacecraft's initial conditions in any coordinate system, or to view the spacecraft's state in any coordinate system.
A detailed disclission of all fields on the Spacecraft Orbit tab is found in Table 2.1. Now let's look at the Spacecraft
Attitude tab.
2.1.3 Spacecraft Attitude Tab
This Tab is not currently supported in GMAT. It is incl~ldedonly to illwtrate look-and-feel of fiit~lreenhancements.
2.1.4 Spacecraft Ballistic/Mass Tab
The Ballistic/Mims tab, shown in Fig. 2.2is wed to set spacecraft mass and ballistic properties. On this panel,
you can set properties such as DryMass, DragArea, and SRPArea anlong others. GMAT currently only supports a
point-mass spacecraft model. In the future GkIAT will support a higher fidelity spacecraft model, and this panel
will allow you to set the spacecraft moments of inertia and other properties.
Ballistics Group
The Ballistics group allows the user to specify spacecraft physical properties that are used to calclllate properties
such as the ballistic coefficient. A detailed disc~issionof all fields on the Spacecraft BallBtic/Mass tab is found in
Table 2.3. Now let's look at the Sensors tab.
2.1.5 Spacecraft Sensors Tab
This Tab is not currently supported in GMAT.

2.1.6 Spacecraft Tanks Tab
The Spacecraft/Tanks tab allows you to add nll~ltipletank? to a spacecraft. Tanks are created separately from
spacecraft and if yo11 have not created any tank?? the Available Tanks list will appear empty. You can add an
existing tank to a spacecraft by selecting the desired tank using a left nlolse click and then using a left nlollse click
on the right-arrow icon. If there are no existing tanks, go to the resollrce tree? right click on the Hardware folder
that appears as a subfolder to spacecraft, and select Add/F~ielTank.
Fig~lrc:2.:3: ';p>~ccxrwft.Di;ilogrie Box / 'X'iznks 'I'ii#h
2.1.7 Spacecraft Actuators Tab
The spacecraft/Actllators tab allows yo11 to add nlultiple actuators to a spacecraft. Cllrrently the only actuator that
GMAT supports are thrusters. You must create a thruster before you can add it to a spacecraft. If you have not
created any thrusters, the Available Thrusters list will appear empty. You can acid existing thrusters to a spacecraft
by selecting the desired thruster using a left nlollse click and then using a left niol~seclick on the right-arrow icon.
To create a Thnster, go to the resollrce tree, right click on the Hardware folder that appears a7 a si~bfolderto
spacecraft, and select Add/Thrlmter.
'. . .'
2.1. SPACECRAFT AND HARDTKARE FIELDS
Figure 2.3: Spacecraft Dialogue Box j Actilators Tab
Table 2.1: Fields Associated with a Spacecraft Orbit State

(Orbit Tab)

StateType Default: Cartesian. Options: [Cartesian, Keplerian?
Modif iedKeplerian, SphericalAZFPA, SphericalRADEC, Equinoctial 1.
The StateType field allows the user to configure the type of state vector
that they wish to use. The Statetype field has a dependency upon the
Coordinatesystem field. If the Coordinate Systenl chosen by the user
does not have a gravitational body at the origin, then the state types
Keplerian, Modif iedKeplerian, and Equinoctial are not permitted.
This is because these state types require a p value. Units: N/A. When the
Keplerian or Modif iedKeplerian state types are selected, the Anomaly
Type field beconles visible.
Coordinate System Default: EarthMJ2000Eq. Options: [ EarthMJ2000Eq, EarthMJ2000Ec,

EarthFixed, or any user defined system]: The Coordinate System field
allows the user to choose which coordinate system with which to define the
orbit state vector. The Coordinatesystem field has a dependency upon
the StateType field. If the Coordinate System chosen by the user does not
have a gravitational body at the origin, then the state types Keplerian,
Modif iedKeplerian, and Equinoctial are not permitted. This is because
these state types require a / I value. Units: N/A.
30 CXAPT5R 2. 09,JEC'I; F I € ? C ~ SQ: T i I t X LOOK- UF TABLES

Epo chFormat Default: TAIModJulian. option^: [AlModJulian, TAIModJulian,
UTCGregorian, TTGregorian 1: The DateFormat field allows the user to

specify the fornlat for defining a spacecraft's initial epoch. DateFormat
determines both the time systenl (TAI, T T ? etc) and the time fornlat
(MJD or Gregorian). Units: N/A.
Epoch Default: 21545.000000000. Options: [See Comments]: The Epoch field

allows the user to specify the initial spacecraft epoch. The fornlat of the
epoch nll~stbe consistent with the DateFormat field. If DateFormat is of the
"MJD" type, then the epoch is in Modified Julian fornlat. If DateFormat
is a "Gregorian Type", the fornlat is similar to 01 Jan 2000 12:00:00.000.
Units: MJD - days, Gregorian - N/A.
AnomalyType Default: TA. Options: [ TA, MA, EA? HA]: The Epoch field allows the
user to specify the to select the AnomalyType needed for the Keplerian
or Modif iedKeplerian spacecraft state. In the scripting environment,
AnomalyType is not wed. Units: N/A.
Fields associated with Cartesian state.
Default: 7100. Options: [ Real Nunlber 1: X is the x-component of

CoordinateSystem field. Units: km.
Default: 0. Options: [ Real Nunlber 1: Y is the y-component of

Default: 1300. Options: [ Real Nunlber 1: Z is the z-component of

Default: 0. Options: [ Real Nl~nlber1: VX is the x-component of the

Spacecraft velocity in the coordinate system chosen in the Spacecraft
CoordinateSystem field. Units: km/sec.
Defadt: 7.35. Options: [ Real Nlinlber 1: VY is the y-component of

the Spacecraft velocity in the coordinate systenl chosen in the Spacecraft
Default: 1.0. Options: [ Real Nunher 1: VZ is the z-component of

the Spacecraft velocity in the coordinate system chosen in the Spacecraft
NOTE: Default vahies for the renlaining state types are obtained through
transformations of the default Cartesian spacecraft state values. The
Keplerian, Modif iedKeplerian, and Equinoctial are dependant on the
origin of the CoordinateSystem, because the state types require a p vahie.
2.1. SPACECRAFT A8-D HARDitiARE FIELDS 31
Fields associated with Keplerian state.
SMA Defa~lt:7191.938817629. Options: [Real Nuniber # 0 1: The SMA field

is the spacecraft orbit's osculating Keplerian senlinlajor axis in coordinate
systenl chosen in the Spacecraft Coordinatesystem field. SMA must be
strictly greater than or less than zero. For circular and elliptical (0 5 ECC
< 1) orbits SMA sholild only be a positive Real Nunlber and for hyperbolic
orbits (ECC > 1) SMA shodd only be a negative Real Nunlber. GMAT
does not support the creation of parabolic orbits. Units: km.
ECC Default: 0.024549749. Options: [ 0 5 Real Nuniber, ECC# 1 1: The ECC

field is the spacecraft orbit's osclllating eccentricity. ECC nillst be greater
than or equal to zero but not eqlial to one (GMAT does not support
parabolic orbits). Note: ECC can be greater thanone. See the SMA de-
scription for additional restrictions to the allowable vahies of ECC. Units:
Dimensionless.
I NC Default: 12.850080057. Options: [Real Nlimber]: The INC field is the

spacecraft orbit's osc~ilatinginclination, in degrees, w/r/t to the selected
coordinate system. Units: degrees.
AOP Defadt: 314.190551536. Options: [Real N~mn~ber]:The AOP field is the

spacecraft orbit's osclilating argument of periapsis, in degrees, w/r/t to the
selected coordinate system. Units: degrees.
RAAN Default: 306.614802195. Options: [Real Nunlber]: The RAAN field is

the spacecraft orbit's osculating right ascension of the ascending node, in
degrees, w/r/t to the selected coordinate system. Units: degrees.
Default: 99.887749332. Options: [Real Nlinlber]: The TA field is the space-

craft orbit's oscllating true anomaly. Units: degrees.
Default: 97.107826639. Options: [Real Nlinlber]: The MA field is the

spacecraft orbit's osculating mean anomaly. Units: degrees.
Default: 98.498977103. Options: [Real Number]: The EA field is the space-

craft orbit's osculating eccentric anomaly. Units: degrees.
Defa~lt:0.000000000. Options: [Real Nunlber]: The HA field is the space-

craft orbit's osc~ilatinghyperbolic anomaly. Units: degrees.
Fields associated with Modif iedKeplerian state.
RadApo Default: 7015.378524789. Options: [Real Nunlber # 0 1: The RadApo field

is the spacecraft orbit's osclilating radius of apoapsis. RadApo nii~stbe
strictly greater than or less than zero. When RadApo is negative, the orbit
is hyperbolic. Units: kni.
CHAPTER 2 09,JECT FIELDS: QUICK LOOK-ti? TABLES

RadPer Default: 7368.4991104681 Options: [Real Nunlber > 0 1: The RadPer field
is the spacecraft orbit's osculating radius of periapsis. RadPer nll~stbe
greater than zero. Units: km.
INC See the Keplerian s t a t e section for a description on this field.
AOP See the Keplerian s t a t e section for a description on this field.
RAAN See the Keplerian s t a t e section for a description on this field.
TA See the Keplerian state section for a description on this field.
MA See the Keplerian s t a t e section for a description on this field.
EA See the Keplerian s t a t e section for a description on this field.
HA See the Keplerian s t a t e section for a description on this field.
Fields associated w i t h SphericalAZFPA state.
RMAG Default: 7218.03297304. Options: [Real Nunher > 01: The RMAG field
allows the user to set the magnitude of the spacecrafts position vector.
Units: knl.
RA Default: 0. Options: [Real Nllnlber]: The RA field allows the user to set
the spacecraft's right ascension. Units: degrees.
DEC Default: 10.3758449200. Options: [Real Nlmnlber]: The DEC field allows the
user to set the spacecraft's declination. Units: degrees.
VMAG Default: 7.41771528167. Options: [Real Nunlber 2 01: The VMAG field
allows the user to set the magnitude of the spacecraft's velocity. Units:
knl/sec.
AZI Defadt: 82.377421681. Options: [Real Nunlber]: The AZI field allows the
user to set the spacecraft's azinllith angle. Units: degrees.
FPA Default: 88.60870365370. Options: [Real Nllnlber]: The FPA allows the
user to set a spacecraft's flight path angle. Units: degrees.
Fields associated w i t h SphericalRADEC state.
RMAG See the SphericalAZFPA s t a t e section for a description on this field.
RA See the SphericalAZFPA s t a t e section for a description on this field.
DEC See the SphericalAZFPA s t a t e section for a description on this field.
VMAG See the SphericalAZFPA state section for a description on this field.
'.. _...'
2.1. SPACECRAFT ,4ND HARD'CTi_ClREFIELDS 33
Default: 90. Options: [Real Nllnlber]: The RAV field i allows the user to set
the right ascension of the spacecraft's velocity. Units: degrees.
DECV Default: 7.7477720361. Options: [Real Nllnlber]: The DECV field allows the
user to set the declination of the spacecraft's velocity. Units: degrees.
Fields associated with Equinoctial elements.
SMA See the Keplerian state section for a description on this field.
h Default: -0.024234314. Options: [Real Nunlber]: The h field is the projec-

tion of the eccentricity vector onto the yep axes. The Fepsystem is a system
used in calculating the equinoctial elenlents and is beyond the scope of this
discussion. The GMAT I\/Iathematical Specifications dociinlent discusses
Fepand the calcdation of the equinoctial elements in detail. Units: None.
Default: -0.003922779. Options: [Real Nunlber]: The k field is the projec-

tion of the eccentricity vector onto the zepaxes. The Fepsystem is a systenl
used in calclllating the equinoctial elements and is beyond the scope of this
discussion. The GMAT Mathematical Specifications document discusses
Fep and the calcllation of the equinoctial elenlents in detail. Units: None.
Default: -0.090388347. Options: [Real Nllmber]: The p field is the projec-

tion of the N vector onto the yep axes. The N vector and the Fepsystem
are used in calclllating the equinoctial elements and are beyond the scope
of this discllssion. The GMAT Mathematical Specifications docllnlent dis-
cusses N ancl Fepand the calclllation of the equinoctial elenlents in detail.
Units: None.
Default: 0.067164549. Options: [Real Nlinlber]: The q field is the projec-

tion of the N vector onto the zePaxes. The N vector and the Fepsystem
are used in calculating the equinoctial elenlents and are beyond the scope
of this disc~lssion.The GMAT Mathematical Specifications document dis-
cusses N and Fepand the calclllation of the equinoctial elements in detail.
Units: None.
MeanLongitude Default: 3.16359946. Options: [Real Nlmlber]: The MeanLongitude field

is the the spacecraft's mean longitude. The GMAT Mathenlatical Spec-
ifications doclinlent discusses mean longitllde and the calculation of the
eqilinoctial elenlents in detail. Units: degrees.
34 (;HAPER 2. OIB,TECTF I ~ C ~ QI~IC~K
S: LOOK-UP TABLES
Table 2.2: Fields Associated with Spacecraft Physical Properties
(Ballistic/Mass Tab)

DryMass Default: 850. Options: [Real Nllnlber 2 01: The DryMass field allows the
user to specify the mass of the spacecraft strlicture? but does not include
the nm?s of tanks? thrusters, or fiiel. Units: kg.
Defadt: 2.2. Options: [Real Nunlber 2 01: The Cd field allows the user to
specify the spacecraft's drag coefficient. Units: None.
Default: 1.8. Option?: [Real Niinlber 2 01: The C r field allows the user to
specify the spacecraft's coefficient of reflectivity. Units: None.
DragArea Defalllt: 15. Options: [Real Nllnlber 2 01: The DragArea is the effective
spacecraft area used in calc~ilatethe force due to drag. Units: m2.
SRPArea Defadt: 1. Options: [Real Nlinlber 2 01: The SRPArea is the effective
spacecraft area used in calculate the force due to solar radiation pressures.
Units: m2.
Table 2.3: Fields Associated with a Spacecraft Ballistic and Mass

Properties

Cd Defadt: 2.2. Options: [Real Niinlber > 01: Cd is the spacecraft's drag
coefficient. Cd must be greater than 0. Units: Dimensionless.
Default: 2.2. Options: [O 5 Real Nunlber 5 2.01: C r is the spacecraft's

coefficient of reflectivity. C r nmst be greater than 0. Units: Dinlen?ionless.
DragArea Default: 15.0. Options: [Real Nlinlber > 01: The DragArea is the area of
the spacecraft that is used in calclllating atnlospheric drag. DragArea niwt
be greater than 0. Units: n12
SRPArea Default: 1.0. Option?: [Real Number > 01: The SRPArea is the area of
the spacecraft that is wed in calclilating the force due to solar radiation
pressure. SRPArea nlust be greater than 0. Units: m2
DryMass Default: 850.0. Options: [Real Nllnlber > 01: The DryMass is the mass of
the spacecraft without the mass of tanks and fiiel. DryMass must be greater
than 0. Units: kg
'. .. ..'
2.1. SPACECRAFT ,4ND HARDiX,i_AREFIELDS 3.5
Table 2.4: Fields Associated with Spacecraft Attitude State
(Attitude Tab)

Attitude Defadt: CSFixed. Options:[ CSFixed, Spinner]: The AttitudeMode mode field allows the
Mode user to specify the attitude dynamics model to be used by GMAT to propagate a spacecraft's
attitude. The attitude dynamics niodel uses the initial attitude state and the algorithm
associated with AttitudeMode to aclvance the attitude state in time. Units: N/A.
Attitude Defadt: EarthMJ2000Eq. Options: [ EarthMJ2000Eq: EarthMJ2000Ec, EarthMJ2000Eq,

Coordinate or any user defined system]: A spacecraft's initial body axes orientation as defined
System by the quaternions or some other paranleterizations are expressed with respect to the
AttitudeCoordinateSystem. Unlike an orbit state, an attitude state is really informa-
tion that llniql~elydefines a rotation matrix. A spacecraft's attitude is the orientation of
the spacecraft's body-fixed frame with respect to the inertial frame. However, it is often
more convenient to define the initial attitude with respect to an intermediate franie than
with respect to an inertial frame. The A t t i t u d e Coordinatesystem allows the user to
define the initial orientation of a spacecraft's body axes, with respect to any franie GMAT
knows how to calculate. Units: N/A.
Attitude Defadt: EulerAngles. Options: [EulerAngles? Quaternions, DCM]: The

StateType A t t itudeStateType field allows the user to choose among different attitude parame-
terization~when defining the attitllde initial conditions. Units: N/A.
Attitude Defadt: EulerAngleRat es. Options: [EulerAngleRat es, AngularVelocity]: The

Rate AttitudeRateStateType field allows the user to define the attitude parameterization to
StateType be used in defining the initial attitude rate. Units: N/A.
Euler Default: 312. Options:[ 123, 132, 121, 131, 213, 231, 212, 232, 312, 321, 313,
Angle 323 1: The EulerAngleSequence field allows the user to define the Euler sequence used in
Sequence rotating from t h i body-fixed to the inertial axes. For exaniple, if EulerAngleSequence is
selected as 321, then the first rotation is a 3 rotation through EulerAnglel, the second
rotation is a 2 rotation through EulerAngle2, ancl the third rotation is a 1 rotation through
EulerAngle3. Units: N/A.
Fields associated w i t h Spacecraft A t t i t u d e S t a t e
EulerAnglel Default: 0. Options:[Real Nunlber]: EulerAnglel is one of three Euler angles that can be
used to define the initial conditions of a spacecraft. EulerAnglel corresponds to the first
rotation performed in the sequence that goes from the spacecraft body frame to the inertial
frame. For exaniple, if the EulerAngleSequence field is set to 321,the first rotation from
the body to the inertial frame would be a 3-rotation throllghEulerAngle1. Units: degrees.
EulerAngle2 Defadt: 0. Options:[Real Nlmnlber]: EulerAngle2 is one of three Euler angles that can be
11sed to define the initial conditions of a spacecraft. EulerAngle2 corresponds to the second
rotation performed in the sequence that goes from the spacecraft body frame to the inertial
frame. For example? if the EulerAngleSequence field is set to 321,the second rotation from
the body to the inertial frame wolild be a 2-rotation throllghEulerAngle2. Units: degrees.
EulerAngle3 Default: 0. Options:[Real Nllnlber]: EulerAngle3 is one of three Elder angles that can be
used to define the initial conditions of a spacecraft. EulerAngle3 corresponds to the third
rotation performed in the sequence that goes from the spacecraft body franle to the inertial
franie. For example, if the EulerAngleSequence field is set to 321,the third rotation from
the body to the inertial frame would be a 1-rotation throllghEulerAngle3. Units: degrees.
35 CXAPTEPL 2. UB.7ECT F7ELLDS:QUICK LOOK-UP TABLES
Table 2.4: (Fields Associated with Spacecraft Attitude State
(Attitude Tab) ....continued)
Field Options and D.escription

ql Defa~lt:0. Options:[Real N ~ m b e r ] The
: ql parameter is the first element of the quaternion.
GMAT nornlalizes the quaternion to be of length 1. Units: degrees.
92 Default: 0. Options:[Real N~inlber]:The q2 parameter is the second element of the qliater-

nion.GMAT nornlalizes the quaternion to be of length 1. Units: degrees.
q3 Defadt: 0. Options:[Real Nunlber]: The q3 parameter is the third elenlent of the quaternion.
GWIAT nornlalizes the quaternion to he of length 1. Units: degrees.
94 Default: 1. Options:[Real N ~ m b e r ] :The q4 parameter is the fourth elenlent of the quater-

nion. GWIAT nornlalizes the quaternion to be of length 1. Units: degrees.
DCMll Defa~lt:1. Options:[Real N~mlber]:The DCMll parameter is the upper left component of
the direction cosine matrix that rotates from the spacecraft body frame to the inertial franle.
GMAT normalizes the attitude matrix to have a determinant of 1. The default DCM matrix
is the identity matrix. Units: None.
DCM12 Default: 0. Options:[Real Number]: The DCM12 parameter is the Rlz conlponent of the
direction cosine matrix that rotates from the spacecraft body franle to the inertial frame.
GMAT nornlalizes the attitude nlatrix to have a determinant of 1. The default DCWI nlatrix
DCM33 Defadt: 1. Options:[Real Numlber]: The DCM33 parameter is the Rg3 conlponent of the
direction cosine matrix that rotates from the spacecraft body franle to the inertial frame.
GMAT nornlalizes the attitude matrix to have a determinant of 1. The default DCM nlatrix
EulerAngle Default: 0. Options:[Real Nunlber]: The EulerAngleRatel defines the time-rate-of-change

Rate1 of EulerAnglel?expressed in the the system defined by Attitudecoordinatesystem. Units:
deg/sec.
EulerAngle Default: 0. Options:[Real Nlmnlber]: The EulerAngleRate2 defines the time-rate-of-change

Rat e2 of EulerAngle2! expressed in the the system defined by AttitudeCoordinateSystem. Units:
deglsec.
EulerAngle Default: 0. Options:[Real Nlmnher]: The EulerAngleRate3 defines the time-rate-of-change

Rat e3 of EulerAnglea?expressed in the the system defined by Attitudecoordinatesystem. Units:
deg/sec.
Angular Default: 0. Options: [Real Nlmnlber]: The AngularVelocityX conlponent is the x-

VelocityX conlponent of the spacecraft's body axes with respect to the systenl defined by
Att itudeCoordinateSystem. Units: cleg/sec.
Angular Defadt: 0. Options:[Real Nlmlber]: The AngularVelocityY conlponent is the y-

VelocityY conlponent of the spacecraft's body axes with respect to the systenl defined by
Att itudecoordinat eSystem. Units: deg/sec.
Angular Default: 0. Options:[Real Nunlber]: The Angularvelocity2 component is the z-

Velocity2 conlponent of the spacecraft's body axes with respect to the systenl defined by
Att itudecoordinat eSystem. Units: deg/sec.
.... ...
2.1. SPACECRAFT L4NDHAPLDTVAIZE FIELDS
Table 1.5: Fields Ahh01:jaie(i with a Spacerraf1 Tallk(Tii11ksT ~ J )

FuelMass Default: 756. Options: [Real Nlmlber > 01: The FuelMass field is the mass
of fuel in the tank. Units: kg.
Pressure Defallt: 1500. Optiom: [Real Nlmnlber > 01: The Pressure field is the
pressure of the fuel in the tank. Units: kPa.
Temperature Default: 20. Options: [Real Nlmmber]: The Temperature field is the tenl-
perat~mreof the fuel in the tank. Units: C.
Ref Temperature Defallt: 20. Options: [Real Nlmrnber]: RefTemperature Units: C.
Volume Defallt: 0.75. Options: [Real Number > 01: The Volume field is the vollmle
of the tank. Units: m".
FuelDensity Default: 1260. Options: [Real Number > 01: The FuelDensity parameter
is the fuel den~ity.Units: kg/m3
PressureRegulated Default: true. Options: [true f a l s e ] : The PressureRegulated flag allows

the user to choose between a pressure regulated tank or a blow down tank. If
PressureRegulated is true, then the pressure is held constant as fuel mass
is depleted. If PressureRegulated is false? then the pressure decreases as
fuel is depleted.
Table 2.6: Fields Associated with a Spacecraft Thruster

(Actuators Tab)

CoordinateSystem Default: EarthhIJ2000Eq. Options: [ EarthMJ2000Eq, EarthMJ2000Ec>
EarthMJ2000Eq, or any user defined system]: The CoordinateSystem field
for a thruster determines what coordinate system the orientation parame-
ters X-Direction, Y-Direction: and 7,-Direction are referenced to. This
is a tenlporary fix in GMAT. Event~ially.the user will specify the attitude
of a spacecraft, and then X-Direction, Y-Direction, and 7,-Direction will
be referenced to the spacecraft body fianle.
Axis Default: VNB. Options: [ ~ n e r t i aVNB]:

l The Axis field allows the user to
define a local coordinate system for a thruster. Note that there is a coupling
between the Axis paranleter and the CoordinateSystem paranleter for a
thruster. Only one of the two can be specified. Units: N/A.
Origin Default: Earth. Options: [Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Luna, Mars,
J u p i t e r , Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto 1:
The Origin field allows the
user to define a local origin for a thruster. Note that there is a coupling
between the Origin paranleter and the CoordinateSystem parameter for
a thruster. Only one of the two can be specified. Units: N/A.
XDirection Defailt: 1. Options: [Real Numlber]: X-Direction? divided by the RSS

of the three direction components, forms the z direction of the spacecraft
thrust vector direction.
38 CHAPTER 2. (IS,JECT FIELDS: QUICK L001<-LiP TABLES
(Actuators Tab) (continued)

YDirection Default: 0. Options: [Real Number]: Y-Direction, divided by the RSS
of the three direction components, forms the y direction of the spacecraft
ZDirection Defadt: 0. Options: [Real Nlmlber]: Z-Direction? divided by the RSS

of the three direction components, forms the z direction of the spacecraft
ThrustScaleFactor Default: I. Options: [Real Nunlber > 01: T h r u s t S c a l e F a c t o r is a scale

factor that is nnlltiplied by the thrust vector for a given thruster? before
the thrust vector is added into the total accleration. Units: None.
Tank Default: None. Options: [Tank Name]: The Tank field specifies which tank
the thruster draws propellant from.
The constants Ci below are used in the following equation to calculate

thrust FT as a function of pressure P and temperature T
C1 Default: 500. Options: [Real Nlmnlber]: Thrust coefficient. Units: N
C2 Defadt: 0. Options: [Real Nllnlber]: Thrust coefficient. Units: N/kPa.
C3 Defadt: 0. Options: [Real Nunlber]: Thrust coefficient. Units: N/kPa2
C4 Default: 0. Options: [Real Nunlber]: Thrust coefficient. Units: N/kPac5.
C5 Default: 0. Options: [Real Nunlber]: Thrust coefficient. Units: None
C6 Defadt: 0. Options: [Real N~lnlher]:Thrust coefficient. Units: ~ / k ~ a ' ~ .
C7 Default: 0. Options: [Real Nllnlber]: Thrust coefficient. Units: None
C8 Default: 0. Options: [Real Nllnlber]: Thrust coefficient. Units: ~ / k ~ a ~ ' .
C10 Defadt: 0. Options: [Real Nllnlber]: Thrust coefficient. Units: N.
C12 Defallt: 0. Options: [Real Nllnlber]: Thrust coefficient. Units: l/kPa.
C13 Default: 0. Options: [Real Nllnlber]: Thrust coefficient. Units: None.
C14 Default: 0. Options: [Real Nllnlber]: Thrust coefficient. Units l/kPa.

, . _ ...
2.2. PIZOPAGATOR FIELDS
(Actulators Tab) (continued)

The constants Kibelow are used in the following
- equation
- to calcl~lateIsp
as a function of pressure P and temperature T
K1 Default: 2150. Optionq: [Real Numlber]: Isp coefficient. Units: m/sec
K2 Default: 0. Options: [Real Nunlher]: Isp coefficient. Units: nl/(sec. kPa).
K3 Default: 0. Options: [Real Nunlber]: Isp coefficient. Units: m/(sec. kPa2)
Default: 0. Optionq: [Real Numlber]: Isp coefficient. Units: m/(sec.

kPaK9 ).
K5 Defadt: 0. Options: [Real Numlber]: Isp coefficient. Units: None
Defadt: 0. Optionq: [Real Numlber]: Isp coefficient. Units: m/(sec.

kPaK7).
Default: 0. Options: [Real Nllnlber]: Isp coefficient. Units: None
Default: 0. Options: [Real Number]: Isp coefficient. Units: m/(sec. kPaKg.
Default: 0. Options: [Real Nlmmber]: Isp coefficient. Units: None
K10 Default: 0. Options: [Real Nlmrnber]: Isp coefficient. Units: rn/sec.
K11 Defadt: 1. Options: [Real Nlmmber]: Isp coefficient. Units: None
Default: 0. Options: [Real Nlmmber]: Isp coefficient. Units: l/kPa.
Default: 0. Options: [Real Nllnlber]: Isp coefficient. Units: None.
K 14 Default: 0. Options: [Real Numrnber]: Isp coefficient. Units l/kPa.
2.2 Propagator Fields

40 CXA PTER 2. OB.7ECT FIELDS: QIiICX LO(3K-UF TABLES

CentralBody Default: Earth. Options: [ Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Luna,
Mars, J u p i t e r ? Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto 1: The Cen-
tralBody field allows the user to select the origin for the propaga-
tion. All propagation occurs in the FK5 axes system, about the
CentralBody chosen by the user. The CentralBody nlust be a grav-
itational body and so cannot be a Librationpoint or other special
point. Units: N/A.
PrimaryBodies Default: { ~ a r t h ) .Options: [ Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Luna,

Mars, J u p i t e r , Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto 1: The Pri-
nlaryBodies fielcl is a list of all celestial bodies that are to be
modelled with a force nlodel more conlplex than point mass grav-
ity. Lists are sllrrollnded by curly braces. For each PrinlaryBody,
the user can choose a drag, magnetic field, and aspherical gravity
nlodel. There is a co~lplingbetween the PrimaryBodies filed and
the PointMasses field. A primary body can be any planet or moon
not inch~cledin the PointMasses field. Units: N/A.
Gravity.PrimaryBody.PotentialFile Default: JGM2. Options: [ CentralBody-based models, Other. See

Conlnlents 1. This field allows the user to define the source for the
non-spherical gravity coefficients for a prinlary body. If a grav-
ity file is located in the Primary Body's potential path as defined
in the startup file, you only need to specify the model name and
not the entire path. For example, if the JGM2 coefficients file is
contained in the directory defined in the startup file by the line
EARTH-POT-PATH, then you only need to specify the nlodel
name JGM2. If the model is not contained in the body's poten-
tial path, yo11 nllist supply the entire path as well as the file name.
If GMAT does not successfiilly find the file requested, it uses the
defadt gravity model as defined in the startup file. From the GUI,
only nlodels for Earth appear if Earth is the active prinlary body.
This is to avoid allowing the xser to select a lunar potential nlorlel
for the Earth. If the Other option is selected the user has the abil-
ity of selecting a gravity model file on their local conlpl~ter.Units:
None.
Gravity.PrimaryBody.Degree Default: 4. Options: [ Integer 2 0 and < the nlaxinluml specified by

the nlodel, Order 5 Degree 1. This field allows the user to select the
the degree, or nlinlber of zonal terms, in the non-spherical gravity
model. Ex. Gravity.Earth.Degree = 2 tells GMAT to use only
the J2 zonal tern1 for the Earth. The value for Degree nllist be less
than the nlaxinllinl degree specified by the Model. Units: None.
Default: 4. Options: [ Integer 2 0 and < the nlaxinlunl specified by

the model, Order 5 Degree 1. This field allows the user to select
the the order, or number of tesseral terms, in the non-spherical
gravity nlodel. Ex. Gravity.Earth.Order = 2 tells GMAT to use
2 tesseral terms. Note: Order nllist be greater than or equal to
Degree. Units: None.
2.2. PFCOPAG-ATOR FIELDS 41
Table 3.7: (Fields Ahboc:iaf ed with a For r:e h~l)del...c:c~t~tj~~l~e~i)

Drag Default: None. Options: [None, JachhiaRoberts? MSISESO,
Exponential 1. The Drag field allows a mser to specify a drag
model. Currently?only one drag model can be chosen for a partic-
ular propagator and only Earth models are available. Units: N/A.
Note: This field quill be deprecated in future version.s of GMAT.
Currentlyt the Drag field and the Drag.AtmosphereMode1 field
m u s t be set t o the same value.
Default: None. Options: [~achhia~oberts, MSISESO,

Exponential 1. The Drag.AtmosphereModel field allows a user
to specify a drag model. Currently, only one drag model can be
chosen for a particllar propagator and only Earth models are avail-
able. Units: N/A.
Drag.F107 Default: 150. Options: [ Real Nlinlber 2 0 1. The F107 field allows
you to set the F10.7 solar flux value used in computing atmospheric
density. FI0.7 is the solar radiation at a wavelength of 10.7 cm.
Units: W/m2/Hz
Default: 150. Options: [ Real Nllnlber 2 -0 1. The F107A field

allows yo11 to set the average F10.7 value. F10.7 is the average of
FI0.7 over one month. Units: W/m2/Hz
Default:3. Options: [ 0 5 Real Number 5 9 1: The MagneticIndex

index field. allows you to set the Ic, value for w e in atmospheric
density calculations. Ic, is a planetary 3-hour-average, geomagnetic
index that measures magnetic effects of solar radiation. Units:
None.
SRF' Default: Off. Options: [ On, Off 1. The SRF'field allows the user to
include the force due to solar radiation pressure in the total sun1
of forces. Units: N/A.
PointMasses Default: None. Options [ Sun,Mercury, Venus, Earth,Luna?Mars,

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto 1. A PointMass is a
planet or moon that is modelled by a point source located at its
center of gravity. A PointMass body can be any planet or moon
not included in the PrimaryBodies field. Units: N/A.
42 CHAPTER 2. CIB.7ECT FIELDS: QUICK LOOK- U? TABLES

Errorcontrol Default: RSSStep. Options: [ RSSStep, RSSState, Largest S t a t e ,
LargestStep]: The ErrorControl field allows you to choose how
a Propagator measures the error in an integration step. The algo-
rithm selected in the ErrorControl field is used to determine the
error in the current step, and this error is conlpared to the value
set in the Accuracy field to determine if the step has an accept-
able error or needs to be improved. All error nleaslirenlents are
relative error, however, the reference for the relative error changes
depending upon the selection of ErrorControl. RSSState is the
Root Sum Square (RSS) relative error measured with respect to
the current step. RSSState is the (RSS) relative error measured
with respect to the current state. Largeststep is the state vector
component with the largest relative error nleas~iredwith respect
to the current step. Largest S t a t e is the state vector conlponent
with the largest relative error memlired with respect to the current
state. For a more detailed disclission see the GMAT Mathematical
Specification. Units: N/A.
Field O ~ t i o n sand Descri~tion
Fields associated w i t h All I n t e g r a t o r s
Default: RungeKutt a89. Options: [ RungeKutta89, RungeKutt a68>

RungeKutta56> PrinceDormand45, PrinceDormand78, BulirschStoer,
AdamsBashforthMoulton 1: The Type field is used to set the type of
nlmlerical integrator. Units: N/A.
Initialstepsize Default: 60 (sec). Options: [ Real Nllnlber 1. The I n i t i a l s t e p s i z e is

the size of the first attenlpted step by the integrator. If the step defined by
I n i t i a l S t e p S i z e does not satisfy Accuracy, the integrator adapts the step
according an algorithm defined in the nlathenlatical specifications document to
find an acceptable first step that meets the user's requested Accuracy. Units:
sec.
Accuracy Defadt: le-11. Options: [ Real Nunher > 0 1. The Accuracy field is used
to set the desired accuracy for an integration step. Units: N/A. When you
set a value for Accuracy, GMAT uses the nlethod selected in ErrorControl
field on the Force Model, to deternline a metric of the accuracy. For each step,
the integrator ensures that the accuracy, as calculate using the method define
by ErrorControl, is less than the limit defined by Accuracy. If an integrator
exceeds MaxStepAttempts trying to meet the requested accuracy, and error
message is thrown and propagation stops.
MinStep Default: .001 (sec). Options: [ Real Nlinlber > 0, MinStep 5 MaxStep 1. The
MinStep field is used to set the nlininllinl allowable step size. Units: sec.
MaxStep Default: 2700.0 (sec.). Options: [ Real Nlinlber > O! MinStep 5 MaxStep 1.
The MaxStep field is wed to set the nlaxinllinl allowable step size. Units: sec.
.. ..
2.2. PROPAGATOR FIELDS
7'a.l)le 2.8: Fielcis Assc:cia,t,ecl with a.rl 1rlt;egtiii or....((.:)r~i,inuatfj

MaxStepAttempts Default: 50. Options: [ Integer > 01. The MaxStepAttempts field allows the
user to set the number of attempts the integrator takes to meet the tolerance
defined by Accuracy. Units: None.
Fields associated only with Adams-Bashforth-Moulton Integrator
MinIntegrationError Default: 1.0e-13. Options: [ Real Nlmlber > 0, MinIntegrationError <

NomIntegrat ionError < Accuracy 1: The MinIntegrat ionError field is wed
by the ABM integrator (and other predictor-corrector integrators when imp16
mented) as the desired integration error to be obtained when the step size is
tegration error falls outside of the range of acceptable steps, ns determined by
the bounds set by the MinIntegrationError and Accuracy fields. The integra-
tor then applies an internal calclllation to reconlpllte the step size, attempting
to hit the NomIntegrationError, and restarts the integrator. Units: N/A.
NomIntegrationError Default: 1.0611. Options: [ Real Nlmlber > 0, MinIntegrationError <

NomIntegrationError < Accuracy 1: The NomIntegrationError field is used
by the ABM integrator (and other predictor-corrector integrators when inlple-
nlented) as the desired integration error to be obtained when the step size is
tegration error falls outside of the range of acceptable steps, ns determined by
the bolnds set by the MinIntegrationError and Accuracy fields. The integrac
tor then applies an internal calculation to reconlplite the step size? attempting
to hit the NomIntegrationError, and restarts the integrator. Units: N/A.
Script Exanlples
$4 CHAPTER 2. CISJECT FIELDS: QIjIC'K LOOK-UP TABLES
Ta,t)le 2.8: FIeltls Assoc.ia,t,edwii.11 a.rl Jt1t;egrai or....(c:)r~t.i~:urd)
Create ForceModel Myprop-ForceModel;

GMAT Myprop-ForceModel.CentralBody = Earth;
GMAT Myprop-ForceModel.PrimaryBodies = (Earth);
GMAT Myprop-ForceModel.PointMasses = (Sun, Luna);
GMAT Myprop-ForceModel.Drag = None;
GMAT Myprop-ForceModel.SRP = Off;
GMAT Myprop-ForceMode1.ErrorControl = RSSStep;
GMAT Myprop-ForceModel.Gravity.Earth.Degree = 4;
GMAT Myprop-ForceModel.Gravity.Earth.Order = 4;
GMAT Myprop-ForceModel.Gravity.Earth.Potentia1File =/JGM2v;
Create Propagator MyProp;

GMAT MyProp.FM = Myprop-ForceModel;
GMAT MyProp.Type = RungeKutta89;
GMAT MyProp.InitialStepSize = 60;
GMAT MyProp.Accuracy = 9.999999999999999e-012;
GMAT MyProp.MinStep = 0.001;
GMAT MyProp.MaxStep = 2700;
GMAT MyProp.MaxStepAttempts = 50;
2.3 Maneuvers

Origin Default: Earth . Options: [Any celestial body]: Together the Origin and
Axes fields describe the coordinate systenl in which a nlanellver is applied.
The Origin field determines the origin of the maneuver coordinate system.
The ability to define the coordinate system locally avoids having to create
many coordinate systems, associated with specific spacecraft, in order to
perform finite maneuvers for nlliltiple spacecraft. Units: N/A.
Axes Default: VNB . Options: [VNB,MJ~OOOE~]: The Axes field, together with
the Origin field, describe the coordinate systenl in which an inlplilsive
nlanellver is applied. If VNB is chosen for Axes, a local coordinate system is
created sllch that the x-axis points in the velocity direction of the spacecraft,
with respect to the point defined by Origin,the y-axis points in the normal
direction of the spacecraft with respect to Origin,and the z-axis completes
the right-handed set. Units: N/A.
VectorFormat Default: Cartesian . Options: [Cartesian, Spherical]: The

VectorFormat field allows the user to define the format of the nlaneuver
vector. Units: N/A.
Element 1 Default: 0. Options: [Real Nl~mber]:The Elementl field allows the user
to define the first elenlent of the inlpulsive maneuver vector. Elementl is
s if VectorFormat is Cartesian. Elementl is the magnitude of the burn
if VectorFormat is spherical. Units: knl/sec.
.'
.: . . :
2.4. SOLT/rER.FIELDS 45

Element2 Defadt: 0. Options: [Real Nlinlber]: The Element2 field allows the user
to define the second element of the impulsive maneuver vector. Element2
is IJ if VectorFormat is Cartesian. Units: knl/sec.
Default: 0. Options: ]Real Number]: The Element3 field allows the user
to define the second elenlent of the inlp~~lsive
maneuver vector. Element3
is z if VectorFormat is Cartesian. Units: knl/sec.
Fielcl Options and Description

Origin Defadt: Earth . Options: [Any celestial body, libration point, or barycen-
ter]: Together the Origin ancl Axes fields describe the coordinate systenl
in which a maneuver is applied. The Origin field determines the origin
of the maneliver coordinate system. The ability to define the coordinate
systenl locally avoids having to create many coordinate systems, associated
with specific spacecraft, in order to perform finite manelivers for nniltiple
spacecraft. Units: N/A.
Axes Default: VNB . Options: [VNB, MJ2000Eq 1: The Axes field, together with
the Origin field, describe the coordinate systenl in which a finite maneuver
is applied. If VNB is chosen for Axes, a local coordinate systenl is created
such that the x-axis points in the velocity direction of the spacecraft. with
respect to the point defined by Origin, the y-axis points in the normal
direction of the spacecraft with respect to Origin, and the z-axis conlpletes
the right-handed set. Units: N/A.
Thrusters Default: No Default. Options: [Any thruster created by user]: The

Thrusters field allows the selection of which thrlisters to use when
applying a finite maneuver. The user can select more than one
thruster, from the list of thrusters previolisly created, by incluiling all
thrusters in curly braces. An example is MyFiniteBurn.Thrusters =
(Thruster1 ,Thruster2 , ~ h r u s t e r 3 ) . Units:
. N/A.
Defadt: 1.0 . Options: [Real Nunlber]: The BurnScaleFactor is used

to scale the total acceleration before adding- the acceleration due to a fi-
nite burn into the slim of the accelerations of a spacecraft. The scaling- is
performed by taking the slinl of the accelerations applied by all thrusters
specified under the Thrusters field, and nlllltiplying the total thrust by
BurnScaleFactor. Units: None.
2.4 Solver Fields
'I?ak,le 2.11 : :Fields Associated v:ii;h tine frnlinccin So:iver
Field O ~ t i o n sand Descrintion

CHAPT5R 2. ClB,JECT F I ~ L D S QUICK
: LOOK-Zip TABLES
Table 2.11: (Fields Associated with the fnlincon
Solver....continlied)

Dif f Max Default: 0.1 . Options: [Real Nunlber > 01: The Dif fMaxChange paranleter sets the upper
Change limit on the perturbatidn wed in MATLAB'S finite differencing algorithm. For fnlincon,
you don't specify a single perturbation value, but rather give MATLAB a range, ancl it uses
an adaptive algorithm that attempts to find the optimal perturbation. Units: N/A
Dif f Min Default: le-8 . Options: [Real Nuniber > 01: The Dif fMinChange parameter sets the lower
Change limit on the perturbation used in MATLAB's finite differencing algorithm. For fnlincon?
you don't specify a single pertlirbation value, but rather give MATLAB a range, and it uses
an adaptive algorithm that attempts to find the optinlal perturbatin. Units: N/A .
MaxFunEvals Default: 1000. Options: [Integer > 01: The MaxFunEvals paranleter allows the user to set
the niaxinlulnl nllniber of cost function evahlations in an attempt to find an optimal sohltion.
This is equivalent to setting the nlaxinlunl nlmiber of passes through an optimization loop
in a GMAT script. If a solution is not foumcl before the n~nxiniunifunction evahiations,
fnlincon outputs an ExitFlag of zero, and GMAT continues. Units: N/A.
MaxIter Default: 400. Options: [Integer > 01: The MaxIter paranieter allows the user to set the
nlaxinlllnl allowable nlmiber of optiniizer iterations. Depending upon the nature of the
problem, and whether gradients are provided, it nlay take many filnction evahiations for
each optimizer iteration. The MaxIter paranleter allows the user to control the nlaxinlum
function evahlations? and nlaxinl~lnliterations independently. Units: N/A .
TolX Defadt: 1e-4. Options: [Real Nllnlber > 01: The TolX parameter is the termination toler-
ance on the vector of independent variables, and is used only if the user sets a value. Units:
N/A.
TolFun Default: le-4. Options: [Real Nunlber > 01: The TolFun parameter is the convergence
tolerance on the cost function value. Units: N/A .
TolCon Default: le-4 . Options: [Real Nlinlber > 01: The TolCon parameter is the convergence
tolerance on the conqtraint fimctions. Units: N/A .
Derivative Defadt: o f f . Options: [on, o f f ] : If the Derivativecheck option is set to on? then fnlincon
Check will calclilate the gradients of the cost and constraints using finite differncing, and compare
the values to the vahles calclilated analytically. Units: N/A .
Diagnostics Default: o f f . Options: [on, off]: The Diagnostics paranleter tells fnlincon to output
general inforniation on the problenl by writing diagnostic inforniation to the MATLAB
prompt. The diagnostic infornlation contains the nuniber of independent variables, the
nlinlber and types of constraints? the sources for derivatives and other information. Units:
N/A .
Display Default: i t e r . Optionq: [ o f f , on? i t e r , n o t i f y , f i n a l ] : The Display parameter allows the

user to select between several different options that displays inforniation at the MATLAB
pronipt that indicates the progress of the optimization process. Units: N/A .
GradObj Default: o f f . Options: [on? off]: The GradObj parameter allows the user to tell fnlincon
to use finite differencing to calculate the cost function derivative, or to use the cost function
derivative provided by the user. Units: N/A .
GradConstr Default: o f f . Options: [on, off]: The GradConstr paranleter allows the user to tell fnlin-
con to use finite differencing to calculate the constraint function derivatives, or to use the
constraint function derivatives provided by the user. Units: N/A.
".. .. ..'
2.5. PLOTS -43-3 REPORTS 47
Table 2.11: (Fields Associated with the fnlincon
Solver....continued)
Table 2.12: Fields A.shc>cial:eil~vit1.ta P,liBe~.ttntialCorrec:tos

MaximumIterations Default: 25. Options: [Integer > 01: The Maximum I t e r a t i o n s field allows the
user to define the maxinlunl nllnlber of iterations taken in attempt to find a
solution. Units: N/A.
ShowProgress Default: t r u e . Options: [true, f a l s e ] : When the ShowProgress field is set to

t r u e , then data illustrating the progress of the differential correction process
are written to the status bar. The status bar is updated with information on
perturbation and iteration passes. . Units: N/A.
Reportstyle Defadt: Normal . Options: [Normal, Concise, Verbose? Debug]: The

ReportStyle field allows the user to control the amount and type of infor-
mation written to TargeterTextFile. Units: N/A.
TargeterTextFile Default: Different i a l c o r r e c t or DCName. Options: [Filename consistent

with OS]: The TargeterTextFile field allows the user to specify the path and
file name for the targeter report. Units: NJA.
UseCentralDif ferences Defadt: f a l s e Options: [true, f a l s e ] : The UseCentralDif f erences field

allows the user to choose between one-sided and central differencing for deter-
mining the Jacobian matrix. If UseCentralDifferences is set to false, then
one-sided differencing is used, if UseCentralDif f erences is set to true? then
central differencing is used. Units: N/A.
Plots and Reports
'I'i~i~lc ~ with Opt:1GL Plots

2.13: F i ~ i dA5~0ci;1t(\d
Field Ontions and Descrintion
Fields associated with Plot Options
ShowPlot Default: t r u e . Options: [ t r u e , f a l s e ] : The ShowPlot field allows the user to

turn off a plot for a particular run, without deleting the plot object, or removing
it from the script. If you select t r u e , then the plot will be shown. If you select
f a l s e , then the plot will not be shown. Units: N/A.
C;HAPI'EP, 2. OB,TECT FIELLDS: QUICIC LOOK-UP TABLES

DataCollectFrequency Defallt: 1. Options: [ Integer 2 11: The Dat aCollect Frequency field allows
the user to define how data is collectkd for plotting. It is ofteninefficient to draw
every ephemeris point associated with a trajectory. Often, drawing a snlaller
subset of the data still results in smooth trajectory plots, while executing more
quickly. The DataCollectFrequency is an integer that represents how often to
collect data and store for plotting. If DataCollectFrequency is 10, then Data
is collected every ten integration steps. Units: Integration Steps
UpdatePlotFrequency Defallt: 50. Options: [Integer > 11: The UpdatePlotFrequency field al-
lows the user to specify how often to lipdate an OpenGL plot is lipdated
with new data collected during the process of propagating spacecraft and rum-
ning a mission. Data is collected for a plot according the value defined by
DataCollectFrequency. An OpenGL plot is updated with the new data, ac-
cording to the vahie set in UpdatePlotFrequency. If UpdatePlotFrequency is
set to 10, then the plot is lipdated with new data every ten integration steps.
Units: Integration Steps.
NmPointsToRedraw Default: 0. Options: [Integer > 01: When NmPointsToRedraw is set to zero,
all ephemeris points are drawn. When NmPointsToRedraw is set to a positive
integer, say 10 for example, only the last 10 collected data points are drawn. See
DataCollectFrequency for explanation of how data is collected for an OpenGL
plot. Units: Integration Steps.
Fields associated with Drawing Options
WireFrame Default: Off . Options: [ On, Off 1: When the WireFrame field is set to On,
celestial bodies are drawn using a wirefranle model. When the WireFrame field
is set to Off, then celestial bodies are drawn using a full map. Units: N/A.
SolverIterations Default: Off. Options: [On, Off]: The S o l v e r I t e r a t i o n s field determines

whether or not perturbed trajectories are plotted during a solver (Targeter?
Optimize) sequence. When S o l v e r I t e r a t i o n s is set to On? solver iterations
are shown on the plot. When S o l v e r I t e r a t i o n s is Off, the solver iterations
are not shown on the plot. Units: N/A.
EclipticPlane Default: Off. Options: [0n,0ff , Note: Only allowed for OpenGL plots with
Coordinate Systems that use the MJ2000Eq axis system]: The EclipticPlane
field allows the user to tell GMAT to draw a g i d representing the ecliptic plane
in an OpenGL plot. Note, the ecliptic plane can currently only be drawn for
plots whose coordinate systenl uses the MJ2000Eq axis system. Units: N/A .
XYPlane Default: On. Options: [On,Off]: The XYPlane flag allows the user to tell GMAT
to draw a grid representing the XY-plane of the coordinate system selected
under the Coordinatesystem field of the OpenGL plot. Units: N/A .
Axes Defallt: On. Options: [On,Off]: The Axis flag allows the user to tell GMAT to
draw the Cartesian axis systenl associated with the coordinate systenl selected
under the Coordinatesystem field of an OpenGL plot. Units: N/A .
Grid Default: On. Options: [On,Off]: The Grid flag allows the user to tell GMAT to
draw a grid representing the longittide and latitude lines celestial bodies added
to an OpenGL plot. Units: N/A .
. .. .'
2.5. PLOTS -4ND REPORTS 49
EarthSunLines Default: On. Options: [On,Off]:The EarthSunLines allows the user to tell
GMAT to draw a line that starts at the center of Earth and points towards the
Slm. Units: N/A .
Fields Associated with View Definition
Coordinatesystem Defadt: EarthMJ2000Eq. Options: [ Any default or user defined coordinate

system]: The CoordinateSystem field on an OpenGL plot allows the user to
select which coordinate system to use to draw the plot data. A coordinate
systeni is defined as an origin and an axis system, and the CoordinateSystem
field allows the user to determine the origin and axis systenl of an OpenGL plot.
See the CoordinateSystem object fields for information of defining different
types of coordinate systems. Units: N/A.
Add Default: DefaultSC, Earth. Options: [SpacecraftName CelestialBodyNanle

LibrationPointNanle BarycenterNanle]: The Add sllbfield adds a space-
craft,celestial body, libration point,or barycenter to a plot. When creating a
plot the Earth is added as a default body and may be removed by using the Re-
move command. The user can add a spacecraft, celestial body, libration point,
or barycenter to a plot by using the name used to create the object. The GUI's
Selected field is the equivalent of the script's Add field. In the event of no Add
command or no objects in the Selected field, GMAT sholild run without the
OpenGL plot and a warning nlessage displayed in the nlessage window. The
following warning nlessage is sufficient: OpenGL plot will be turned off .
No object has been selected for plotting. Units: N/A.
Remove Defadt: No Default. Options: [Any object included in the Add list 1: The Re-
move subfield renioves a spacecraft,celestial body, libration point, or barycenter
froni a plot. The user can remove any object that has been added to a plot by
using the name wed to add the object. Units: N/A.
ViewPointReference Defadt: Earth. Options: [SpacecraftName CelestialBodyNanle Libration-

PointNanie BarycenterName, or a 3-vector of nunlerical values 1: The
ViewPointReference field is an optional field that allows the user to
change the reference point froni which ViewPointVector is nieaslired.
ViewPointReference defaults to the origin of the coordinate systeni for the
plot. A ViewPointReference can be any spacecraft, celestial body, libration
point, or barycenter. Units: N/A.
ViewPointVector Default: [0 0 30000]. Options: [ SpacecraftNanle CelestialBodyNanle Libration-

PointNanie BarycenterNanle, or a bvector of nlinlerical vahies 1: The product
of ViewScaleFactor and ViewPointVector field determines the view point lo-
cation with respect to ViewPointReference. ViewPointVector can be a vec-
tor, or any of the following objects: spacecraft,celestial body, libration point,or
barycenter. The location of the Viewpoint in three-space is defined as the
vector addition of ViewPointReference, and the vector defined by product of
ViewScaleFactor and ViewPointVector in the coordinate systenl chosen by
the user. Units: knl or N/A.
51) CXMPTER 2. 0B.JECT FIELDS: QliICX LO(3K-Ui' TABLES

ViewDirection Default: Earth. Options: [ SpacecraftNanle CelestialBodyNanie Libra-
tionPointNanie BarycenterNanle, or a 3-vector of nunierical vahies ]: The
ViewDirection field allows the user to select the direction of view in an OpenGL
plot. The user can specify the view direction by choosing an object to point
at such as a spacecraft,celestial body, libration point,or barycenter. Alterna-
tively, the user can specify a vector of the forni [x y z]. If the user specification
of ViewDirection? ViewPointReference, and ViewPointVector, results in a
zero vector, GMAT mses [0 0 10000] for ViewDirection. Units: km or N/A.
ViewScaleFactor Default: 1. Options [ Real Nllnlber 1 01: The ViewScaleFactor field

scales ViewPointVector before adding it to ViewPointReference. The
ViewScaleFactor allows the user to back away from an object to fit in the
field of view. Units: None.
Fields Associated with View Up Definition
Viewupcoordinate Default: EarthMJ2000Eq. Options: [Any default or user defined coordinate

System system]: The ViewUpCoordinateSystem and ViewUpAxis fields are used to de-
ternline which direction appears as up in an OpenGL plot and together with the
fields associated the the View Direction, uniquely define the view. The fields
associated with the View Definition allow the umer to define the point of view
in 3-space, and the direction of the line of sight. However, this information
alone is not enough to uniquely define the view. We also niulst provide how
the view is oriented about the line of sight. This is acconiplished by defining
what direction shollld appear as the lip direction in the plot and k config-
ured wing the ViewUpCoordinateSystem field and the ViewUpAxis field. The
ViewUpCoordinateSystem allows the user to select a coordinate systeni to de-
fine the up direction. Most of the tinie this system will be the same as the
coordinate systenl chosen under the Coordinatesystem field. Units: N/A.
ViewUpAxis Default: Z. Options: [X, -X> Y> -Y, Z, -Z]: The ViewUpAxis allows the user to
define which axis of the ViewUpCoordinateSystem that will appear as the up di-
rection in an OpenGL plot. See the conlnients under ViewUpCoordinateSystem
for niore details of fields wed to determine the lip direction in an OpenGL plot.
Units: N/A.
Fields Associated with Field of View
UseInitialView Default: On. Options: [On,Off]: The UseInitialView field allows the user
to control the view of an OpenGL plot between nililtiple runs of a mission
sequence. The first tinie a specific OpenGL plot is created? GMAT will auto-
niatically use the view as defined by the fields associated with View Definition,
View Up Direction, and Field of View. However, if the user changes the view
using the mouse, GMAT will retain this view upon rerunning the mission if
UseInitialView is set to false. If UseInitialView is set to true, the view
for an OpenGL plot will be returned to the view defined by the initial settings.
Units: N/A.
-.. .. ...
2.5. PLOTS ,4ND REPORTS "1

PerspectiveMode Defalllt: Off. Options: [On, Off]: The PerspectiveMode field allows to
user to toggle between the Orthogonal or Perspective projections. When
PerspectiveMode is set to t r u e , the Perspective projection is used. When
PerspectiveMode is set to f a l s e , the Orthogonal projection is used. Units:
N/A.
UseFixedFov Default: Off. Options: [On?Off]: Units: N/A.
FixedFovAngle Default: 45. Options: [ Real Number 2 11: Units: Degrees.
Td)lt: 2.14: Fieiils Assuciated with R,eport Filcv

FileName Defadt: /RunReports/ReportFilel .t x t . Options: [Valid File Path and
Name]: The FileName field allows the user to define the file path and file
name for a report. Units: None.
Precision Defadt: 16. Options: [Integer > 01: The Precision field allows the user to set
the precision of the variable written to a report. Units: Same as variable being
reported.
Add Defallt: N/A. Options: [Any ~wer-definedparameter. Ex. Variables, Ar-

rays, S/C parameters]: The Add field allows a user to add user-defined vari-
ables to a report file. To add nillltiple user-defined variables, enclose the
variables with curly brackets. Ex. MyReportName .Add = {Sat .X , S a t . Y ,
V a r l , Array ( I , I ) ) ; The GUI's Selected field is the equivalent of the script's
Add field. In the event of no Add conlnland or no objects in the Selected
field, GMAT shodd rum without the Report o l ~ t p ~ancl i t a warning niessage
displayed in the niessage window. The following warning niessage is suffi-
cient: Report p l o t w i l l be turned o f f . No object has been s e l e c t e d
f o r reporting. Units: N/A.
WriteReport Default: On . Options: [On, Off]: The WriteReport field specifies whether to
write data to the report FileName. Units: N/A.
WriteHeaders Default: On . Options: [On, Off]: The WriteHeaders field specifies whether to
include headers that describe the variables in a report. Units: N/A.
LeftJustify Default: On. Options: [On, Off]: When the Left J u s t i f y field is set to On, then
the data is left justified and appears at the left niost side of the coll~nln.If the
Lef t J u s t i f y field is set to Off then the data is centered in the column. Units:
N/A.
ZeroFill Default: On. Options: [On, Off]: Units: N/A
Columnwidth Default: 20. Options: [ Integer > 01: The Columnwidth field is used to define
the width of the data cohmlns in a report file. The value for ColumnWidth is
applied to all columns of data. For example, if ColumnWidth is set to 20, then
each data cohmin will be 20 white-spaces wide. Units: Characters.
Table 2.14: Fields Ass!:c.i;3.t.ecl wit 11 R,el):)rt; Files.. ..[c:or~t,in~letl)

SolverIterations Default: Off. Options: [On? Off]: The SolverIterations field deter-
mines whether or not data associated with perturbed trajectories during
a solver (Targeter, Optimize) sequence is written to a report file. When
SolverIterations is set to On? solver iterations are written to the report file.
When SolverIterations is Off? the solver iterations are not written to the
report file. Units: N/A.
Table 2.1s5. Fields As~ociatadwith XY-Plots

IndVar Defadt: Def aultSC .AiModJulian. Options: [Any user variable, array element!
or spacecraft parameter]: The IndVar field allows the user to define the indepen-
dent variable for an xy-plot. Only one variable can be defined as an independent
variable. For example, the line MyXYPlot . IndVar = Def aultSC .AlModJulian
sets the independent variable to be the epoch of DefaultSC in the A1 time
system and modified Julian format. Units: N/A.
Add Default: Def aultSC .EarthMJ2000Eq.X. Options: [Any user variable, array ele-
ment, or spacecraft parameter]:: The Add field allows the user to acld dependent
variables to an xy-plot. All dependent variables are plotted on the y-axis vs the
independent variable defined by IndVar. To define multiple dependent vari-
ables, they sho~lldbe inchlded in curly braces. For example, MyXYPlot .Add
= {Default SC .EarthMJ2000Eq.Y , Def aultSC .EarthMJ2000Eq. Z] ): . The
GUI's Selected field is the equivalent of the script's Add field. In the event
of no Add conlnland or no objects in the Selected field, GMAT sholllcl run
without the XYPlot and a warning message displayed in the message window.
The following warning message is sufficient: XYPlot will be turned off.
No object has been selected for plotting. Units: N/A.
Grid Default: On . Options: [ On, Off 1: When the Grid field is set to On, then a grid
is drawn on an xy-plot. When the Grid field is set to Off then a grid is not
drawn. Units: N/A.
SolverIterations Defadt: Off. Options: [On! Off]: The SolverIterations field determines
whether or not perturbed trajectories are plotted during a solver (Targeter,
Optimize) sequence. When SolverIterations is set to On! solver iterations
are shown on the plot. When SolverIterations is set to Off, solver iterations
are not shown on the plot. Units: N/A.
ShowPlot Default: true. Options: [ true, false]: The ShowPlot field allows the user to
turn off a plot for a particular run?without deleting the plot object, or removing
it from the script. If you select true! then the plot will be shown. If you select
false, then the plot will not be shown. Units: N/A.
2.6 Solar System, Celestial Bodies and other Space Points

2 6. S'OLATZ SYSTEAt CXLESTIAL BODIES _4xil OTHER SP-ACE POIXTS 53
'Thble 2.16: Fields Assoc.i;:t,ed wit 11 the Sv1s.r S g ~ t e r t ~

EphemerisSource Default: DE405. Options: [DE405, DE200, SLP, Analytic]: The
EphemerisSource field allows the user to select the source used for planetary
ephemerides. The source is used globally whenever planetary ephenleris infor-
mation is required. Units: None.
Ephemeris Default: 0. Option?: [ Real Nllnlber > 01. The EphemerisUpdateInterval is

UpdateInt e r v a l used to set how often planetary positions are updated when calculating accel-
erations during propagation. For low-Earth orbits, EphemerisUpdateInterval
can be set to around 60 for faster nlimerical integration with little ef-
fect on the accuracy of the propagation. For deep space propagation,
EphemerisUpdateInterval sholdd be set to zero. Units: sec.
UseTTForEphemeris Default: f a l s e . Options: [ t r u e , f a l s e ] : GMAT uses time in the TDB system

as the clefault time systenl in the JPL ephenleris files. However, often it is
possible to use time in the T T time system, without significant difference in
propagation accliracy. (TT and TDB are within 1 nlillisecond of each other).
The advantage to using T T is that it avoids the transfornlation from T T to TDB
and therefore orbit propagation will execute faster. The UseTTForEphemeris
field allows the user to choose between the default of TDB in the ephenleris files
(UseTTForEphemeris=false), or T T in the ephenleris files (UseTTForEphemeris
= true). Units: N/A.
EphemerisFile Defa~lt: Same as startup file. Options:[ File path and file name consistent
with operating systenl 1: The EphemerisFile field allows the user to specify
the location and name of the file for each type of ephenleris GMAT supports.
For example, if Ephemeris is set to DE405, you can set the path for a DE405
file wing SolarSystem.EphemerisFi1e = c :/MyPath/MyDE405. f i l e . Units:
N/A.
AnalyticModel Defadt: LowFidelity. Options: [ LowFidelity]: Units: N/A.
Ta.hle 2.17: Fields Assoc:jat;etl.with a 1,it:rat:io.t) Poil1.t

Primary Default: Sun. Options: [ Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Luna, Mars, J u p i t e r ?
Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto , or any Barycenter. ( The Prinlary and Sec-
ondary bodies cannot be the same )]: The Primary field tells GMAT which body
to consider the primary body in the calculation of the location of a libration
point. Units: N/A.
Secondary Default: Earth. Option?: [ Sun, Mercury, Venus? Earth, Luna, Mars, J u p i t e r ,
Saturn, Uranus? Neptune? Pluto or any Barycenter. ( The Primary and
?
Secondary bodies cannot be the same )]: The Secondary field tells GMAT
which body to consider the secondary body in the calclllation of the location
of a libration point. Units: N/A.
Point Default: L1. Options: [LI? L2, L3? L4? ~ 5 1 :The Point field specifies which
libration point the object corresponds to. Units: N/A.
54 CHAPTER 2. OB.JEC7 -FTELL')S:QIiICK LOOK- UP TABLES

BodyNames Default: {Earth, ~una). Options: [ Sun. Mercury, Venus? Earth, Luna? Mars,
Jupiter, Saturn? Uranus? Neptune, Pluto . (At least one body mufit be se-
lected!)]: The BodyNames field is list that contains the bodies umed to define
a barycenter. In a script, the list niu~stbe suirrou~ndedby curly braces i.e.
BaryCenterName.BodyNames = {Earth, Luna) : Units: N/A.
Ta.t,le 2.19: Fields As.i;c~c:iatetl.with Cle!est,ii;.l B:)(lies
Field Options ancl Description
Fields Associated with All Celestial Bodies. ( Using Default Values

for Earth as an Example)
Default: 398600.4414. Options: [Real Nuinher > 01: The Mu field allows the
user to define the gravitational paranlter of a celestial body. Units: km3/sec2.
Equatorial Radius Default: 6378.1363. Options: [Real Nlinlber > 01: The EquatorialRadius field
allows the user to define the equiatorial radius of a celestial bocly. Units: knl.
Flattening Defadt: 0.00335270. Options: [Real Nunlber]: The Flattening field allows
the user to define the mass of a celestial body. Units: None.
InitialEpoch Default: 21544.500371. Options: [Real Nuniber 1: The InitialEpoch field

allows the user to define the initial epoch, in A1 I\/Iodified Juilian Date? for a
celestial body. The initial epoch is only umed when the wser selects Analytic
for the Ephemeris field on the solar system. In this case, GMAT solves Kepler's
probleni to determine the position and velocity of a celestial body, using the
initial epoch and state infornlation described below. Units: AlModJulian.
SMA Default: 149653978.978377. Options: [Real Nuinlber # 01: The SMA field allows
the user to define the senlinlajor axis of a celestial body's orbit about its central
body. (Only used when the user selects Analytic for the Ephemeris field on
the Solar System.) Units: knl.
ECC Default: 0.017046. Options: [Real Nilnlber 2 01: The ECC field allows the
user to define the eccentricity of a celestial body's'orbit abouit its central body.
(Only used when the user selects Analytic for the Ephemeris field on the Solar
System.) Units: None.
INC Default: 23.439034. Options: [Real Numiber]: The INC field allows the user to
define the inclination of a celestial body's orbit about its central body. in the
FK5 coordinate system. (Only used when the user selects Analytic for the
Ephemeris field on the Solar System.) Units: deg.
RAAN Default: 0.000186. Options: [Real Numiber]: The RAAN field allows the izser
to define the right ascension of the ascending node of a celestial body's orbit
about its central body. in the FK5 coordinate system. (Only used when the
ulser selects Analytic for the Ephemeris field on the Solar Systenl.) Units: deg.
26 5OLAii SYSTEM, CELESTIAL BODIES ,4ND OTHER SP-ACE P(1IIQRITS 53

AOP Defadt: 101.741639. Options: [Real N~mlber]:The AOP field allows the user
to define the argument of periapsis of a celestial body's orbit about its central
body, in the FK5 coordinate system. (Only used when the user selects Analytic
for the Ephemeris field on the Solar System.) Units: deg.
Default: 358.127085. Options: [Real Number]: The TA field allows the user
to define the true anomaly of a celestial body's orbit about its central body.
(Only wed when the user selects Analytic for the Ephemeris field on the Solar
System.) Units: deg.
Special Fields Associated w i t h E a r t h
Nut a t ionUpdat e Default: 60. Option.: [Real Numlber > 01: The NutationUpdateInterval
Interval field, on the Earth Celestial Body, determines how often GMAT updates the
Nutation matrix wed in FK5 reduction. If NutationUpdateInterval is set to
zero, the Nutation is updated every tinle a request is made to calculate the
orientation of the Earth. If NutationUpdateInterval is set to a real nlinlber
greater than zero? then GMAT only lipdates the Nutation matrix if the number
of seconds defined by Nut a t ionUpdat e I n t e r v a l have elapsed since the last
request for the Earth's orientation data. Units: sec.
Special Fields Associated w i t h Luna
RotationData Source Default: DE405. Options: [ D E ~ oIAU2002]:

~, The RotationDataSource, on
the Llina Celestial Body, determines what source GMAT uses to obtain data
describing the orientation of the moon with respect to the FK5 system. The
RotationDataSource field is only wed for lunar orientation data when calculat-
ing moon-based coordinate systems with the axes types of Fixed and Equator.
Units: N/A
r
la.ble 2.20: Fields Associated with a Ci;orilinate S>-steni
7

Origin Defadt: Earth. Options: [ Any celestial body, barycenter, libration point, or
spacecraft]: The Origin field allows the user to select the origin of a coordinate
system. Units: N/A .
Axes Default: MJ2000Eq. Options: [ MJ2000Eq>MJ2000Ec, EarthFixed, BodyFixed,

TOEEq, TOEEc, MOEEq, MOEEc, TODEq, TODEc, MODEq, MODEc, ObjectReferenced,
Equator? BodyFixed, BodyInertial,GSE, GSM 1: Units: N/A.
Primary Default: Earth . Options: [Any celestial body, barycenter, libration point, or
spacecraft, except the object chosen as in the Secondary field 1: The Primary
field is only active when Axes is set to ObjectReferenced. Otherwise, GMAT
ignores the Primary field. Units: N/A .
56 CHAPTER 2. OB,TECT FIELDS: QIJIC'K LOOK-UP TABLES
Table 2.20: (Fields Associated with a Coordinate Sys
tem. ..continued)

Secondary Defadt: Luna . Options: [Any celestial body. barycenter, libration point. or
spacecraft, except the object chosen as in the Primary field]: The Secondary
field is only active when Axes is set to ObjectReferenced. Otherwise, GMAT
ignores the Secondary field. Units: N/A .
Epoch Default: 21545.0. Options: [ Real Nliniber 2 01: The Epoch field is only active
if the Axes field is defined by an epoch referenced axis system: MOEEq, MOEEc?
TOEEq, TOEEc. Units: Days.
XAxis Default: R. Options: [ R, -R, V, -V, N, -N]: The X field is only active if the Axes
field is set to ObjectReferenced. Otherwise, GMAT ignores the X field. Units:
N/A.
YAxis Default: No Default. Options: [R, -R, V ? -V? N, -N]: The Y field is only active
if the Axes field is set to ObjectReferenced. Otherwise, GMAT i ~ o r e thes Y
field. Units: N/A.
ZAxis Default: N . Options: [R, -R, V, -V, N? -N]:The Z field is only active if the Axes
field is set to Obj ectRef erenced. Otherwise, GMAT ignores the Z field. Units:
N/A.
Updat e I n t e r v a l Defallt: 60. Options: [Real Nuinlber 2 01: Units: seconds.

Funct ionPath Default: \matlab\work. Options: [Any valid path for Operating System]:
Units: N/A.
Chapter 3
Commands and Events
3.1 Propagation
'Table 3.1: Propagate Command
Scriptsyntax
...
Propagate Mode BackProp ~ r o ~ a ~ a t o r ~(~at~istl,{~topCond~istl))
ame
BackPropPropagatorName (SatListN,{~top~ond~ist~))
Option Option Description

BackProp Default: None. Options: [ Backwards or None 1: The BackProp option allows the
user to set the flag to enable or disable backwards propagation for all spacecraft in
the the SatListN option. The Backward Propagation GUI check box field stores
all the data in BackProp. A check indicates backward propagation is enabled and
no check indicates forward propagation. In the script, BackProp can be the word
Backwards for backward propagation or blank for forward propagation. Units: N/A.
Mode Default: None. Options: [ Synchronized or None 1: The Mode option allows the
user to set the propagation mode for the propagator that will affect all of the
spacecraft added to the SatListN option. For example, if synchronizecl is selected,
all spacecraft are propagated at the same step size. The Propagate Mode GUI field
stores all the data in Mode. In the script, Mode is left blank for the None option
and the text of the other options available is used for their respective modes. Units:
N/A.
PropagntorName Default: DefaliltProp. Options: [ Default propagator or any user-defined propaga-

tor 1: The PropngatorName option allows the user to select a user defined propagator
to use in spacecraft and/or fornlation propagation. The Propagator GUI field stores
all the data in PropagntorNnme. Units: N/A.
SatListN Default: DefaliltSC. Options: [ Any existing spacecraft or formations, not being
propagated by another propagator in the same Propagate event. Multiple spacecraft
must be expressed in a comnla delimited list format. 1: The SatListN option allows
the user to enter all the satellites and/or fornlations they want to propagate using
the PropngntorNnme propagator settings. The Spacecraft List GUI field stores all
the data in SatListN. Units: N/A.
Table 3.1 : Propagate Conlnland . . . continued
StopCondListN Default: DefadtSC.ElapsedSecs =. Options: [ Any single elenlent user accessi-

/Parameter hle spacecraft parameter followed by an equal sign 1. The StopCondListN option
allows the user to enter all the parameters used for the propagator stopping condi-
tion. See the StopCondListN/Condition Option/Field for additional details to the
StopCondListN option. Units: N/A.
StopCondListN Default: 8640.0. Options: [ Real Nlinlber, Array element, Variable, spacecraft
/Condition paranleter, or any user defined parameter 1. The StopCondListN option allows
the user to enter the propagator stopping condition's value for the StopCondListN
Parameter field. Units: Dependant on the condition selected.
Script Examples
% Single spacecraft propagation with one stopping condition
% Syntax #1
Propagate DefaultProp(DefaultSC, {DefaultSC.ElapsedSecs = 8640.0));
% Single spacecraft propagation with one stopping condition

% Syntax #2
Propagate DefaultProp(Defau1tSC) {DefaultSC.Elapsed~ecs= 8640.0);
% Single spacecraft propagation by one integration step

Propagate Def aultProp(Def aultSC) ;
% 'ohltiple spacecraft propagation by one integration step

Propagate Def aultProp ( S a t l , Sat2, Sat3) ;
% Single fornlation propagation by one integration step

Propagate Def aultProp (Def aultFormation) ;
% Single spacecraft backwards propagation by one integration step

Propagate Backwards Def aultProp (Default SC) ;
% Two spacecraft synchronized propagation with one stopping condition

Propagate Synchronized Def aultProp(Sat1, Sat2, {Def aultSC .ElapsedSecs = 8640.0)) ;
% Multiple spacecraft propagation with nlultiple stopping conditions and propagation settings
% Syntax #1
Propagate P r o p l ( S a t l , S a t 2 , {Satl.ElapsedSecs = 8640.0, Sat2.MA = 90)) ...
Prop2 (Sat3, { ~ a t 3TA . = 0.0)) ;
% Multiple spacecraft propagation with nniltiple stopping conditions and propagation settings
% Syntax #2
Propagate Prop1 ( S a t l , Sat2) {Satl .ElapsedSecs = 8640 .O, Sat2 .MA = 90) ...
Prop2 (Sat31 (Sat3. TA = 0.0) ;
3.2 Control Flow
Tihie 3.2: If Command
Script Syntax
(Simple If statement)
If <logical expression>;
<Statements>;
EndIf ;
(Compound If statement)
If <logical expression> 1 <logical expression> & <logical expression>;
<Statements>;
EndIf ;
(If-Else statement)
If <logical expression>;
<Statements>;
Else;
<Statements>;
EndIf ;

<logical expression> Defadt: DefaultSC .ElapsedDays < I .O. Options:[ Argl < Arg2 and < can
be >, < >>=> <=> ==, N=1. Argl and Arg2 can be any of the following: Real
Nllnlber, Array element, Variable, Spacecraft Parameter or any other user de-
fined parameter. Units: N/A.
Defadt: N/A. Options: [ Any script line that can be in the mission sequence 1.
Units: N/A.
Default: N/A. Options:[N/A]. The I option allows the user to set an OR oper-
ator in between <logical expression>s. Units: N/A.
Defadt: N/A. Options:[N/A]. The I option allows the user to set an AND
operator in between <logical expression>s. Units: N/A.
Script Examples
If DefaultSC.ElapsedDays < 1;
Propagate Defaultprop( DefaultSC , { DefaultSC.ElapsedDays = 0.01 ));
EndIf:
If Myvariable < MyArray (I,1) ;

MyArray(1,l) = 5:
EndIf:
If DefaultSC.Earth.TA < MyArray ( l , 2 ) ;

Propagate Defaultprop( DefaultSC ) ;
EndIf:
C~HAPTER"'~."' AKD EVENTS
CilAIL%TAXDS
3.3: Slihilt: Comm~:s~d

'X'i~hl<:
Scrint Svntax
(Simple While Loop)

While <logical expression>;
<Statements>;
EndWhile ;
(Compound While Loop)

While <logical expression> I <logical expression> & <logical expression>
<Statements>
EndWhile

<logical expression> Default: Defau1tSC.ElapsedDays < 1 .O. Options:[ Argl < Arg2 and < can be
>, <7 >= <=> ==,N=1. Argl and Arg2 can be any of the following: Real Nlmlber?
1
Array, Variable, Spacecraft Parameter or any other user defined parameter. Units:
N/A.
Default: N/A. Options:[ Any script line that can be in the mission sequence 1.
Units: N/A.
Default: N/A. Options:[N/A]. The I option allows the user to set an OR operator
in between <logical expression>s. Units: N/A.
Default: N/A. Options: [N/A]. The I option allows the user to set an AND operator
in between <logical expression>s. Units: N/A.
Script Examples
While Defau1tSC.ElapsedDays < 1;
Propagate Defaultprop( DefaultSC , { DefaultSC.ElapsedDays = 0.01 1);
EndWhile;
While Myvariable < MyArray (I,I) ;

MyArray (1,l) = 5:
EndWhile:
. . ..
3.2. CONTROL FLOW 61
'1IBl)le: 3.4: For Coninii3.rxl
Script Syntax
(Simple For Loop)

For Variable = Start:End;
<Statements> ;
EndFor ;
(Expanded For Loop)

For Variable = Start:Increment:End;
<Statements> ;
EndFor ;
Conlnland Description
The for loop is a control flow statement that allows portions of code to be executed iteratively using an
explicit loop variable (Wikipedia). GMAT for loops are three-expression loops that allow the user to set
the initial value of the loop variable, its increment, and the test to exit the loop. A paranleter nlust be
defined explicitly using a Create Variable statenlent or GUI eqliivalent before it can be used in a for loop
conlmand statement. The only parameter type that can be used as a loop variable is the variable type.
The parameters used to define S t a r t , Increment: and End can be any of the following GMAT parameters:
integer??(real)?variable, array element, spacecraft property.
GMAT allows the for loop variable to be changed inside the loop by the user, and the resulting behavior of
the for loop is equivalent to the behavior defined in ANSI C. If a change is made to the loop variable inside
of the loop, if this change causes the exit test to be violated, GMAT will exit the for loop.

Variable Default: No Default. Options:[ Variable 1: The Variable option allows the mser to
define the variable that will store the For Loop nlinleric range. Units: N/A.
Start Defadt: 1. Options: [ Real Nunlber, Array element, Variable, or any user defined
paranleter 1. The S t a r t option allows the user to set the starting nunleric range
vahie of the For Loop. S t a r t can be equal to End, but the For Loop will not execute.
Units: N/A.
Increment Default: 1. Optiom: [ Real Nlinlber, Array element, Variable, or any user de-
fined paranleter 1. The Increment option allows the user to set the numeric range
increment value of the For Loop. When the Increment option is left out of the
script syntax the default value is used. If an Increment value of 0 is used, the
For Loop sholild not execute b ~ i tGMAT sho~ildcontinue to run. If End>Start
and Increment < O? then the For Loop should not execute. If Start>End and
Increment > O? then the For Loop shodd not execute. Units: N/A.
End Default: 10. Options: [ Real Nunlber, Array, Variable, or any user defined param-
eter 1. The End option allows the user to set the ending numeric range value of the
For Loop. End can be equal to S t a r t : but the For Loop will not execute. Units:
Script Exanlples
% Output the value of the For loop Variable to a file
62 (;HAPTER's."' CORf&IAi"\rDSAND EVENTS
Table 3.4: For Conlnland . . . continued
For I = 1:l:lO;
GMAT testVar = I;
Report DefaultReportFile I;
EndFor ;
3.3. SOLVER-RELATED
Tiihle 3.5: Tatget Cc:tr~niarirl
Scriat Svntax
Target So lverName ;
<Statements>
EndTarget;

So 1verName Default: DefaultDC. Options:[ Any differential corrector existing in the resource
tree or created in the script 1: The SoZverName option allows the user to choose
between any previollsly created differential correctors for llse in a targeting sequence.
For example, to begin a targeting sequence using Default DC, the script is Target
Def aultDC. Units: N/A.
<Statements> Default: None. Options:[ Any non-targeter and non-optimizer command lines used
in the nlission sequence, .cis well as the targeter dependent conlmand lines Achieve
and Vary.]: Units: N/A.
Scrint Exanlnles
% Beginning and ending syntax for the Target command
Target DefaultDC;
EndTarget;
S c r i ~ Svntax
t
Optimize SolverName;
<Statements>
Endoptimize;

SoZverName Defadt: Default SQP. Options: [ Any existing optimizer 1: The So ZverName field
allows the user to choose between any previollsly created optimizer for use in
an optinlization sequence. For example, to begin a optimization sequence using
DefaultSQP, the script is Optimize DefaultSQP. Units: N/A.
Default: None. Options:[ Any non-targeter and non-optimizer conlmand lines ~lsed
in the mission sequence, m well as the optimizer dependent conlnland lines Vary.
NonLinearConstraint, and Minimize. ] : Units: N/A.
Script Examples
% Beginning and ending syntax for the Optinlize conmand
Optimize DefaultDC;
64 ( X A P TEE 3. COA13TAATDSAIL'D EVEYTS
Table 3.6: Optinlize Conlnland . . . continued
Endoptimize;
Scriptsyntax: Achieve SolverName (Goal = Argl, { ~ o l e r a n c e= ~ r ~ 2;) )
Goal Default: Defau1tSC.Earth.RMAG. Options: [ Spacecraft parameter, Array element,

Variable, or any other single element user defined parameter, exchiding nunlbers 1:
The Goal option allows the user to select any single elenlent user defined parameter,
except a nunher, to Achieve.
Argl Default: 42165. Options: [ Real Number, Array element, Variable, or any user
defined paranleter that obeys the conditions of Chapter ?? for the selected Goal ]
The Argl option is the desired value for Goal after the solver ha? converged. Units:
N/A.
Tolerance Default: 0.1. Options: [ Real Nlinlber, Array element, Variable, or any wer de-
fined parameter > 0 1: The Tolerance option sets Arg2. Arg2 is the convergence
tolerance for Argl. Units: N/A.
SolverName Default: Defa~iltDC.Options: [ Any user defined differential corrector 1: The Solver-
Name option allows the user to choose which solver to assign to the Achieve conl-
nland. Units: N/A.
Script Exanlples
Achieve Defa~lltDC(DefadtSC.Earth.RMAG= 42165.0, {Tolerance = 0.1));

VarySolverName(VariabZe = InitialGuess,{Perturbation = Arg1,MaxStep = Arg2,Lower = Arg3,
. . . Upper = Arg4, AdditiveScaleFactor = Arg5, MulitiplicativeScaleFactor = Arg6))
Parameters Associated with All Solvers.
SolverName Defadt: DefadtDC. Options: [ Any user defined solver 1: The SolverName option
allows the user to choose which solver to assign to the vary command. Units: N/A.
Variable Default: Defauilt1B.V. Options: [ Spacecraft parameter, Array element, Variable, or

any other single elenlent lmer defined parameter, excluding nllnibers ] The Variable
option allows the umer to select any single elenlent user defined parameter, except
a mlnlber, t o vary. For example, DefaultIB.V, DefauiltIB.N, DefaultIB.Element1,
DefaultSC.TA, Array(l,l), and Variable are all valid valuies. The three elenient
b ~ l mvector or nl~iltidin~ensional
Arrays are not valid vahies. Units: N/A.
Table 3.8: Vary Conlnland . . . continued
InitialGuess Defadt: 0.5. Options: [ Real Nlmlber, Array element, Variable? or any user defined
parameter that obeys the conditions of Chapter ?? for the selected Variable]: The
InitialGuess option allows the user to set the initial guess for the selected Variable.
Units: h / s .
Lower Default: 0.0 . Options: [ Real Nunher, Array element, Variable, or any user defined
paranleter (Upper > Lower ) 1: The Lower option allows the user to set Arg3 to the
lower bound of the quantity being varied. Units: N/A.
Default: 3.14159 . Options: [ Real Nunlber, Array element, Variable: or any user
defined paranleter (Upper > Lower ) 1: The Upper option allows the user to set
Arg4 to the upper bound of the quantity being varied. Units: N/A.
Parameters Associated with Differential Corrector.
Perturbat ion Default: le-4 . Options: [ Real Nlmlber, Array element, Variable, or any user
defined paranleter > 0 1: The Perturbation option is set by specifying a value for
Argl. The value of Argl is the perturbation size in calculating the finite difference
derivative. Units: N/A.
Defadt: 0.2 . Options: [ Real Nuniber, Array element, Variable, or any user defined
parameter > 0 1: The MaxStep option is set by specifying a value for Arg2. The
value of Arg2 limits the size of the step taken during an interaction of the differential
corrector. Units: N/A.
Parameters Associated with fmincon Optimizer.
Additive Scale Default: 0 . Options: [ Real Nunher, Array element, Variable, or any user defined
Factor parameter 1: The AdditiveScaleFactor Field is 1isec1 to nondinlensionalize the
independent variable. fnlincon sees only the nondinlensional form of the variable.
The nondinlensionalization is performed using the following equation: z,, = ( z d-
a ) / m . (z,, is the non-dimensional parameter. zd is the dimensional parameter.
a = additive scale factor. m = nlliltiplicative scale factor.) Units: N/A.
Multiplicative Scale Default: 1.0 . Options: [ Real Nlmiber, Array element, Variable, or any user
Factor defined parameter 1: The MultiplicativeScaleFactor Field is used to nondimen-
sionalize the independent variable. fnlincon sees only the nondinlensional form of
the variable. The nondinlensionalization is performed using the following equation:
z,, = ( z d - a ) / m . (z,, is the non-dimensional paranleter. zd is the dinlensional
parameter. a = additive scale factor. m = multiplicative scale factor.) Units: N/A.
Script Exanlples
% InipuLsive Burn Vary Conlmand
Vary DefaultDC(Default1B.V = 0.5, {perturbation = 0.0001, MaxStep = 0.2, .. .
Lower = 0, Upper = 3.14159)) ;
Script Syntax: Minimize Opt imizerName (Arg )
. .
C H A P T E ~'3."' CO&IhfAi"\DS AND ESiEWTS
Table 3.9: IbIininlize Coninland . . . continued

Opt irnizerName Default: SQPl. Options:[ Any existing fnlincon solver 1: The OptimizerName option
allows the user to specify which solver to use to niininlize the cost fiinction. Units:
NIA.
Default: DefaultSC.ECC. Options:[ Variable, Spacecraft parameter, or Array ele-

ment]. The Arg field allows the user to specify the function to be minimized upon
convergence of the solver given by OptzmzzerName. Arg can be any of the following:
Variable, Array element, or Spacecraft Parameter or any other 1x1 numleric user
defined parameter. Units: N/A.
Script Examples
% IbIininlize the eccentricity of Sat, using fminconSQP
Minimize fminconSQP (Sat.ECC) ;
% hlininlize the Variable DeltaV, using fminconSQP

Minimize fminconSQP(DeltaV) ;
% Minimize the first conlponent of MyArray, using fminconSQP

Minimize fminconSQP (MyArray(1,l) ;
Script Syntax: NonLinearConstraint O p t imizerName (<logical expression>)

O p t imizerName Default: SQPI. Options:[ Any existing fnlincon solver 1: The OptimizerName option
allows the user to specify which solver to use in satisfying nonlinear constraints.
Units: N/A.
<logical expression> Default: DefaultSC.SMA = 7000. Options:[ Argl 5 Arg2 where 5 can be >=
, <=, = 1. The logical expression field allows the user to specify the constraint to
be satisfied upon convergence of the solver given by OptzmizerName. Argl and
Arg2 can be any of the following: Real Number, a 1-D Array (collinm vector),
Array element, Variable, Spacecraft Parameter or any other numeric user defined
parameter. If Argl is a 1-D Array, then Arg2 n n s t be a 1-D Array with the same
dinlensions and vice-versa. Units: N/A.
Script Examples
% Constrain the SMA of Sat to be 7000 km, using fminconSQP
NonLinearConstraint fminconSqP( Sat.SMA = 7000 ) ;
% Constrain the SMA of Sat to be less than or equal to 7000 km, using fminconSqP
NonLinearConstraint fminconSqP( Sat.SMA <= 7000 ) ;
% Constrain the SMA of Sat to be greater than or equal to 7000 knl, using fminconSqP
NonLinearConstraint fminconSQP( Sat.SMA >= 7000a ) ;
70
3.4 Miscellaneous
Table 3.11: Rl;xne~lverCommand
Script Syntax: Maneuver BurnName (Spacecraf tName ) ;
BurnName Default: DefaultIB. Options:[ Any iniplilsive burn existing in the resource tree or
created in the script]: The BurnName field allows the user to choose between any
previollsly created iniplllsive burn. As an exaniple, to maneuver Def aultSC 11s-
ing Def aultIB, the script line wollld appear Manevuer Def aultIB(Defau1tSC).
Units: N/A.
Spacecraf tName Default: DefaultSC. Options:[ Any spacecraft existing in the resource tree or cre-
ated in the script]: The Spacecraf tName field allows the mer to select which space-
craft to maneuver using the nianellver selected in the BurnName field.
Units: N/A.
Script Examples
% Inlplllsive Burn
Maneuver DefaultIB(Defau1tSC);
Script Syntax: BeginFiniteBurn ManeuverName (SpacecraftName ) ;

ManeuwerName Defadt: Def aultFB. Options: [ Any finite burn existing in the resource tree or cre-
ated in the script]: The ManeuverName option allows the user to choose between
any previollsly created finite burn. As an example, to maneuver DefaultSC 11s-
ing Def aultFB, the script line wo111d appear as Manevuer DefaultFB(Def aultSC).
Units: N/A.
Spacecraf tName Defmllt: DefaultSC. Options:[ Any spacecraft existing in the reso~lrcetree or cre-
ated in the script]: The SpacecraftName option allows the user to select which
spacecraft to maneuver using the maneuver selected in the ManeuwerName option.
Units: N/A.
Script Examples
% Default BeginFiniteBlirn syntax
BeginFiniteBurn DefaultFB(Defau1tSC);
Script Syntax: EndFiniteBurn ManeuverName (Spacecraf tName ) ;

ManeuverName Default: Def aultFB. Options: [ Any finite b ~ existing
m in the resource tree or cre-
ated in the script]: The ManeuverName option allows the user to choose between
any previollsly created finite burn. As an example, to nlaneliver DefaultSC 11%
ing Def aultFB, the script line would appear a?Manevuer Def aultFB (DefaultSC) .
Units: N/A.
Spacecraf tName Default: Def aultSC. Options:[ Any spacecraft existing in the resource tree or cre-
ated in the script]: The SpacecraftName option allows the user to select which
spacecraft to nianellver using the maneuver selected in the ManeuverName option.
Units: N/A.
Script Examples
% Default EndFiniteBiirn syntax
EndFiniteBurn DefaultFB(Defau1tSC);
Script Syntax
Function call with Inputs and Outputs

GMAT [OutputList] = Function (InputList)
Function call with output^ only

GMAT [OutputList] = Function
Function call with Inputs only

GMAT Function (InputList)
Function call with no Inputs or Outputs

GMAT Function

OutputList Defadt: None. Options:[ Variables, Arrays, SIC Paraniters, any other user-defined
paranleters, or blank. Multiple outpl~tsml~stbe expressed in a comma delimited
list format 1: The OutputList option allows the user to set the output of Function
to a user defined parameter. Units: N/A.
Input List Default: None. Options:[ Variables, Arrays, S/C Paranlters, any other user-defined
parameters, or blank. Multiple inputs nllist be expressed in a conirna delimited list
format. 1: The InputList option allows the mser to set the input of Function to a
user defined parameter. Units: N/A.
Function Default: None. Options:[ GMAT of Matlab Function 1: The Function option allows
the user to set the filnction that will be called in a specific location of the mission
sequence. The filnction has to be defined before it can be used in the CallFllnction
Command. Units: N/A.
Script Exanlples
Table 3.14: CallF~lnctionConlnland . . . continl~ed
% Matlab function call without inpl~tsor outp~its

% Syntax 1
GMAT clearAll;
% Matlab fiinction call without inputs or ol~tputs

% Syntax 2
GMAT [ ] = clearAll( ):
Script Syntax: Toggle OutputNames Arg

Outpu tNames Defadt: DefallltOpenGL . Options:[ Any OpenGL, Report, XYplot, or any other
Plot/Report type 1: The Toggle option allows the user to assign the Plot/Report(s)
to be toggled. When more than one Plot/Report is being toggled they need to be
separated by a space. Units: N/A.
Default: On. Options:[ On or Off 1: The Arg option allows the user to turn off or
on the data ol~tplitto a Plot/Report. Units: N/A.
Script Exanlples
% Thrn off Report file for the first day of propagation
Toggle ReportFilel Off
Propagate DefaultProp(DefaultSC, Defau1tSC.ElapsedDays = 1);
Toggle ReportFilel On
Propagate DefaultProp(DefaultSC, DefaultSC.ElapsedDays = 1);
% Turn off XYPlot and Report file for the first day of propagation
Toggle XYPlotl ReportFilel Off
Propagate DefaultProp(DefaultSC, DefaultSC.ElapsedDays = 1);
Toggle XYPlotl ReportFilel On
Script Syntax: Report ReportName D a t a L i s t

ReportNme Default: N/A. Options:[ Any ReportFile created 1: The ReportName option allows
the user to specify the ReportFile for data olitpllt. Units: N/A.
DataLis t Defadt: N/A. Options: [ Spacecraft parameter, Array, Variable, String, or any other
single user defined parameter 1: The DataList option allows the user to output
data to the Filename specified by the ReportName. Multiple objects can be in the
D a t a L i s t when they are separated by spaces. Units: N/A.
Table 3.16: Report Conlmand . . . continl~ed
Scrint Exanlnles - -
% Report the time and position of DefaultSC

Report DefaultReport DefaultSC.AlModJulian Defau1tSC.X Defau1tSC.Y Defau1tSC.Z;
Scrint Svntax
BeginScript ;
<Statements>;
EndScript;
<Statements> Defadt: N/A. Options: [ Any valid line of GMAT script 1. Units: N/A.
Script Exanlples
% Assignment conlnland inside Script Event
BeginScript;
GMAT testVar = 24 ;
EndScript;
Script Syntax: Pause
The Pause conlnland allows the user to pause a running GMAT script.
Scrint Exanlnles
% Pame between propagation sequences
Propagate DefaultProp(Defau1tSC) Defau1tSC.ElapsedSecs = 8640.0;
Pause ;
Propagate DefaultProp(Defau1tSC) DefaultSC.ElapsedDays = 10.0;
Script Syntax: Stop
The Stop conlnland allows the user to stop a running GMAT script.
Script Examples
% Stop between propagation sequences
Propagate DefaultProp(Defau1tSC) Defau1tSC.ElapsedSecs = 8640.0;
Stop;
Table 3.19: Stop Conlnland . . . continued
Propagate Def aultProp(Def aultSC) Defau1tSC.ElapsedDays = 10.0;
Script Syntax: Save Obj e c t L i s t

Obj e c t L i s t Default: DefaultSC. Options:[ Any user-defined objects, excl~ldingvariables and
arrays 1: The O b j e c t L i s t option allows the user to save the properties of the
objects selected to the ol~tplitpath. Multiple objects can be in the O b j e c t L i s t
when they are separated by spaces. Units: N/A.
Script Examples
% Save DefaultSC data after a 1 day propagation
Save DefaultSC;
% Save Inlplilsive Burn and DefaultSC data after a Targeter sequence
EndTarget;
Save DefaultIB DefaultSC;
Index
AAttitudeRateStateType,35 EarthSunLines,49
AOP, 13:31,55 EclipticPlane,48
AZI, 14,32 EndFiniteBurn,71
Accuracy, 21>42 EphemerisFile,53
Add,49,51>52 EphemerisUpdateInterval, 53
AnalyticModel,53 Ephemeris,53
AngularVelocityX,36 Epoch,12,30,56
AngularVelocityY,36 EquatorialRadius,54
AngularVelocityZ,36 Errorcontrol,20,42
AnomalyType,12,30 EulerAnglel,35
Att itudecoordinateSystem,35 EulerAngle2,35
AttitudeMode,35 EulerAngle3,35
AttitudeStateType,35 EulerAngleRatel,36
Axes, 44,45,48,55 EulerAngleSequence,35
Axis, 37 FPA,14>32
Backwards Propagation,57 FileName,51
BeginFiniteBurn,70 FixedFovAngle,51
BodyNames,54 Flattening,54
BurnScaleFactor,45 For,61
CallFunction,71 FuelDensity?37
Cd?16:34 FuelMass,37
CentralBody,18,40 Functionpath,56
Columnwidth,51 GradConstr,46
Coordinatesystem,11>29,49 Gravity.PrimaryBody.Degree, 19,40
Cr,16,34 Gravity.PrimaryBody.Mode1, 19,40
DCM11,36 Gravity.PrimaryBody.Order, 19>40
DCM12>36 Grid,48,52
DCM33>36 HA,13,31
DECV,15,33 INC,13,31,54
DEC?14,32 If,59
DataCollectFrequency,48 IndVar,52
DateFormat,12,30 Initial Value,66
Degree,19,40 InitialEpoch,54
Derivativecheck,46 Initialstepsize,21,42
Diagnostics,46 Integrators
DiffMaxChange,46 Script Fields,21,42
DiffMinChange,46 LeftJustify,51
Display,46 Libration Point,53
Drag.AtmosphereModel,20?41 Lower,66
Drag.F107A?20,41 MA, 13,31
Drag.Fl07,20,41 Maneuver,70
Drag.MagneticIndex, 20,41 MaxFunEvals,46
DragArea,16,34 MaxIter,46
Drag,19>41 MaxStepAttempts,21,43
DrawWireFrame,48 MaxStep,21: 42,66
DryMass,16: 34 Maximum Iterations,47
EA, 13: 31 MeanLongitude, 15:33
ECC? 13,31>54 MinintegrationError,21> 43
MinStep, 21,42 Tolerance,64
Minimize, 66 Type,21>42
MultiplicativeScaleFactor?66 UpdateInterval,56
Mu, 54 UpdatePlotFrequency,48
NomIntegrationError,22,43 Upper, 66
NonLinearConstraint,69 UseCentralDifferences,47
NumPointsToRedraw,48 UseFixedFov,51
Nutat ionUpdateInterva1,55 UseInitialView,50
Optimize,63 UseTTForEphemeris,53
Order, 19,40 VMAG, 14>32
Origin,37,44,45?55 VX, 12,30
Pause,74 VY, 12,30
PerspectiveMode,51 VZ, 12,30
Perturbation,66 VectorFormat,44
PointMasses,20141 ViewDirection,50
Point,53 ViewPointReference,49
Precision,51 ViewPointVector,49
PressureRegulated,37 ViewScaleFactor,50
Pressure,37 ViewUpAxis,50
PrimaryBodies,19?40 ViewUpCoordinateSystem,50
Primary,53,55 Volume,37
Propagation Mode,57 While,60
RAAN, 13,31,54 WriteHeaders,51
RAV, 15,33 XYPlane,48
RA, 14,32 X-Direction,37
RMAG, 14,32 X, 12,30,56
RadApo, 13>31 Y-Direction,38
RadPer, 14,32 Y, 12,30>56
RefTemperature,37 Z-Direction?38
Remove,49 ZeroFill,51
Reportstyle,47 Z,12,30,56
Report,72 h, 15,33
RotationDataSource,55 k,15,33
SMA,13,31,54 P,15,33
SRPArea,16,34 ql,36
SRP,20>41 q2,36
Save,75 q3,36
ScriptEvent,74 q4,36
Secondary,53,56 q,15,33
ShowPlot,47,52
ShowProgress?47
Solar System
Script Fields?53
SolverIterations,48,52
StateType,11,29
Stop,74
TA,13,31,55
Tank,38
TargeterTextFile,47
Target,63
Temperature,37
ThrustScaleFactor,38
Thrusters,45
Toggle,72
TolCon,46
TolFun,46
TolX.46

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General Mission Analysis Tool

(GMAT) User's Guide

The GMAT Development Team

2 Object Fields: Quick Look-up Tables 25

3 Commands and Events 57

1.1 Spacecraft Dialogue Box / Orbit Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.1 Fields Associated with a Spacecraft Orbit State (Orbit Tab) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2.1 Fields Associated with a Spacecraft Orbit State (Orbit Tab) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.1 Propagate Conlnland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

3.20 Save Conlnland . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... 75

Figure 1 .1: Sp~c:rcr.aft Dielogrir Box ,/ Orbit, T E , ~

1.0.2 Spacecraft Orbit Tab

State Configuration Group

1.0.3 Spacecraft Attitude Tab

1.0.4 Spacecraft Ballistic/Mass Tab

Figlire 1.2: Spacecraft Dialogiie Box ,/ Ballistic/h,lass 'Tat)

This Tab is not currently supported in GMAT

1.0.6 Spacecraft Tanks Tab

1.0.7 Spacecraft Actuators Tab

Table 1.1: Fields Associated with a Spacecraft Orbit State

Field Options and Description

Coordinate System Default: EarthMJ2000Eq. Options: [ EarthMJ2000Eq, EarthMJ2000Ec,

Field Options and Description

Epoch Default: 21545.000000000. Options: [See Comments]: The Epoch field

Fields associated with Cartesian state.

Default: 7100. Options: [ Real Nunlber 1: X is the x-component of

Defadt: 0. Options: [ Real Nunlber 1: Y is the y-component of

Default: 1300. Options: [ Real Number 1: Z is the z-component of

Defa~lt: 0. Options: [ Real Nlinlber 1: VX is the x-component of the

Defadt: 7.35. Options: [ Real Nunlber 1: VY is the y-component of

Defadt: 1.0. Options: [ Real Nllmber 1: VZ is the z-component of

Field Options and Description

Fields associated with Keplerian state.

SMA Defallt: 7191.938817629. Options: [Real Nllnlber # 0 1: The SMA field

ECC Default: 0.024549749. Options: [ 0 5 Real Number, ECC# 1 1: The ECC

AOP Defallt: 314.190551536. Options: [Real Nlmlber]:The AOP field is the

RAAN Default: 306.614802195. Options: [Real Nlmlber]: The RAAN field is

Default: 99.887749332. Options: [Real Nllnlber]: The TA field is the space-

Default: 97.107826639. Options: [Real Nunlber]: The MA field is the

Default: 98.498977103. Options: [Real Number]: The EA field is the space-

Default: 0.000000000. Options: [Real Nlinlber]: The HA field is the space-

Fields associated with Modif iedKeplerian state.

RadApo Default: 7015.378524789. Options: [Real Nunlber # 0 1: The RadApo field

Field Options and Description

TA See the Keplerian state section for a description on this field.

MA See the Keplerian state section for a description on this field.

EA See the Keplerian state section for a description on this field.

HA See the Keplerian state section for a description on this field.

Fields associated with SphericalAZFPA state.

Fields associated with SphericalRADEC state.

RA See the SphericalAZFPA state section for a description on this field.

Field Options and Description

Fields associated with Equinoctial elements.

h Defallt: -0.024234314. Options: [Real Nllnlber]: The h field is the projec-

Defallt: -0.003922779. Options: [Real Nunlber]: The k field is the projec-

Defallt: -0.090388347. Options: [Real Nunlber]: The p field is the projec-

Defallt: 0.067164549. Options: [Real Nllnlber]: The q field is the projec-

MeanLongitude Defadt: 3.16359946. Options: [Real Number]: The MeanLongitude field

Field Options and Description