TQM-Quiz-2

1. The frequency distribution of a numerical data can be graphically represented by a

______
a) Histogram b) Telegram c) Monogram d) Anagram

2. 2. Which of the following type of histogram represents a normal distribution?

a) Bell-shaped b) Comb c) Skewed d) Plateau

3. 3. Pareto diagram is named after ________

a) Vilfredo Pareto b) William Deming
c) Joseph Juran d) Philip Crosby
Explanation: Pareto diagram is named after Vilfredo Pareto. He was an Italian
economist. It is used to find out the „vital few‟ from the „trivial many‟.

4. Pareto analysis is also known by _______

a) 80/20 rule b) Demand forecasting
c) Benchmarking d) Job Scheduling
Explanation: Pareto analysis is also known by 80/20 rule. It means by focusing on 20%
work we can get 80% benefit. Pareto diagram is named after Vilfredo Pareto.

5. Which of the following is not a type of histogram?

a) Isolated peak b) Comb c) Truncated d) Pie Chart

Explanation: Isolated peak, comb, and truncated are different types of histogram. Pie
Chart is another statistical tool like histogram to represent data.

6. Which of the following type of histogram looks like a normal distribution whose some
part has been removed leading to an asymmetrical shape?
a) Isolated peak b) Comb c) Truncated d) Pie Chart

Explanation: Truncated histogram looks like a normal distribution whose some part has
been removed. It leads to the truncated histogram having an asymmetrical shape.

7. . What does the below given symbol represent when we construct a flow chart?

a) Terminator b) Action c) Decision d) Arrows

Explanation: The given figure represents the Terminator symbol used during the
construction of a flow chart. The other symbols are Action, Decision, Arrows, and Link.
8. What does the below given symbol represent when we construct a flow chart?

a) Terminator b) Action c) Decision d) Arrows

Explanation: The given figure represents the Action symbol used during the
construction of a flow chart. The other symbols are Terminator, Decision, Arrows, and
Link.

9. What does the below given symbol represent when we construct a flow chart?

a) Terminator b) Action c) Decision d) Arrows

Explanation: The given figure represents the Decision symbol used during the
construction of a flow chart. The other symbols are Terminator, Action, Arrows, and
Link.
10. What does the below given symbol represent when we construct a flow chart?

a) Terminator b) Action c) Decision d) Arrows

11. What does the below given symbol represent when we construct a flow chart?

a) Terminator b) Action c) Decision d) Link

 Explanation: The given figure represents the Link symbol used during the construction
of a flow chart. It shows the direction of flow of the process. The other symbols are
Terminator, Action, Decisions, and Arrows.

12. Process deployment flow is another term for ________

a) Flow chart b) Matrices c) Determinants d) Arrows

13. Tally sheet is another term for _______

a) Flow chart b) Matrices c) Determinants d) Check sheets
Explanation: Tally sheet is another term for checksheets. It is used for systematic data
gathering and represents the frequency of occurrences of an event.

14. The type of check sheet used to collect information on process variability is called
________
a) Process distribution check sheet
b) Defective item check sheet
c) Defect location check sheet
d) Defect factor check sheet
Explanation: The type of check sheet used to collect information on process variability
is called process distribution check sheet. The other types of check sheets used are
defective item check sheet, defect location check sheet, and defect factor check sheet.

15. The type of check sheet which identifies where defects occur in a product is called
_______
a) Process distribution check sheet
b) Defective item check sheet
c) Defect location check sheet
d) Defect factor check sheet

16. The type of check sheet used to monitor the input parameters that can affect the
occurrence of defects in a process is called _________
a) Process distribution check sheet
b) Defective item check sheet
c) Defect location check sheet
d) Defect factor check sheet

17. Scatter diagram is graphical component of ____________

a) Regression analysis b) Demand
c) Supply d) Profit
18. A scatter diagram represents the relationship between _________ and ________
a) Cause, effects b) Cause, problem
c) Effects, output d) Production, productivity
19. Cause and effect diagram is also known as _______
a) Fishbone diagram b) Fish diagram
c) Cause diagram d) Effect diagram
20. Cause and effect diagram can be used in research, manufacturing, marketing, office
operations, and services.
a) True b) False
21. Cause and effect diagram can be used to educate and train personnel in decision-making
and corrective-action activities.
a) True b) False
22. Which of the following is not a cause of poor marks of class 12 students in board exams
after studying the cause and effect diagram?
a) Improper teaching
b) Lack of seriousness of students due to distractions
c) Too much focus on competitive exams
d) Extremely hot climate in the area

23. Which of the following is not a cause of rising health problems in young children in an
area after studying the cause-and-effect diagram?
a) Poor water quality
b) Increase in contaminant level
c) Harmful substances released by industries
d) Elders scolding the children

24. Which of the following is not a cause of engineering students switching to pure
management career (according to the views of engineering students)?
a) Better salary
b) Their parents forced them
c) Interest was not developed in the core subjects during their course
d) Pure management is less laborious

25. Kepner and Tregoe developed the _____ approach of decision making.
a)Scientific b)Routine
c)Quantitative d)Creative e)None of the above

26. Which of the following is not an attribute of Quality Circle?

a) It is a form of participation management
b) It is a human resource development technique
 c) It is a problem solving technique
d) It is not a human resource development technique
27. Quality circles _______ problem solving capability.
a) Create b) Delete c) Stop d) Eradicates

28. Quality circle develops _______ awareness for safety.

a) Greater b) Lesser c) No d) Diminishing

29. An objective of quality circle team is to ______ errors and _______ quality.
a) reduce, enhance b) increase, enhance
c) reduce, demean d) increase, demean
30. An objective of quality circle team is to build an attitude of ________
a) Problem creation b) Problem prevention
c) Problem augmentation d) Problem development
31. Which of the following is not a tool used by the quality circle team?
a) Brainstorming b) Pareto analysis
c) Histograms d) No. of employees in an organization

32. Which of the following is the optimum number of employees in a quality circle team?
a) 600-1000 b) 6000-10000 c) 6-10 d) 60-100

33. Which statistical technique integrates product design and manufacturing process?
a) Tree analysis b) Problem solving techniques
c) Quality function deployment d) Taguchi approach

34. What is the key step in Taguchi‟s approach?

a) Tolerance design b) System design
c) Parameter design d) Process design

Explanation: Taguchi‟s approach is based on integrating system design (initial design stage),
parameter design (Testing various material combinations) and tolerance design (buying
material of better grade). Parameter design is the key step as it offers the concept of
uncontrollable factor.

35. What is called the stratification of information?

a) Breaking down a whole group into smaller sub groups
b) Isolating the vital few from the trivial many
c) Grouping of scattered information
d) Sequencing of processes in a quality system
Explanation: Stratification of information is one of the statistical tools which means
breaking down of the whole group into smaller sub-groups. Run charts, effect diagram,
pareto diagram and scatter diagrams are also the statistical tools.

36. What is PDPC?

a) A statistical tool
b) Quality improvement technique
c) Quality assurance technique
d) Statistical process control technique

Explanation: PDPC is process decision program chart which helps in the selection of the
best process to obtain desired result. It is a quality improvement technique. It evaluates
existing process and also look at alternatives.

37. The cost associated with NOT producing quality products or services is called ________
a) Cost of Quality b) Cost of Poor Quality Product
c) Cost of Mistake d) Cost of Poor Quality Service

38. Costs associated with improving quality or cost of conformance is called _______
a) Cost of Good Quality b) Cost of Poor Quality
c) Cost of Improvement d) Cost of Planning

39. Costs associated with non-conformance or the costs due to poor quality is called ______
a) Cost of Good Quality b) Cost of Poor Quality
c) Cost of Improvement d) Cost of Planning

40. Costs associated with the prevention of non-conformance to requirements is called

_______
a) Prevention Costs b) Appraisal Costs
c) Internal Failure Costs d) External Failure Costs

41. Costs associated with appraising a product or service for conformance to requirements is
called ______
a) Prevention Costs b) Appraisal Costs
c) Internal Failure Costs d) External Failure Costs

42. Mathematically, the cost of quality equals to _______

a) Prevention Costs + Appraisal Costs + Internal Failure Costs + External Failure Costs
b) Prevention Costs + Appraisal Costs + Internal Failure Costs – External Failure Costs
c) Prevention Costs + Appraisal Costs + Internal Failure Costs * External Failure Costs
d) Prevention Costs – Appraisal Costs + Internal Failure Costs + External Failure Costs
Explanation: Mathematically, the cost of quality equals to Prevention Costs + Appraisal
Costs + Internal Failure Costs + External Failure Costs. Prevention Costs and Appraisal
Costs belong to the Cost of Good Quality. Internal Failure Costs and External Failure Costs
belong to the Cost of Poor Quality.

43. Which of the following does not belong to Prevention Costs?

a) Design support activities b) Product design qualification test
c) Service design qualification d) Downgraded end-product or service

Explanation: Design support activities, Product design qualification test, and Service design
qualification fall under the category of Prevention Costs. Downgraded end-product or service
fall under the category of Internal Failure Costs.

44. Which of the following does not belong to External Failure Costs?
a) Complaint investigations b) Warranty claims
c) Liability costs d) Supplier quality planning

Explanation: Complaint investigations, Warranty claims, and Liability costs fall under the
category of External Failure Costs. Supplier Quality Planning falls under the category of
Prevention Costs.

45. Receiving or incoming inspections and tests fall under the category of ______
a) Purchasing Appraisal Costs b) Operations Appraisal Costs
c) External Appraisal Costs d) External Failure Costs

46. Evaluation of field stock and spare parts fall under the category of ______
a) Purchasing Appraisal Costs b) Operations Appraisal Costs
c) External Appraisal Costs d) External Failure Costs

47. What is the other name of intangible costs?

a) Hidden Costs b) Prevention Costs
c) Appraisal Costs d) Internal Failure Costs

48. The commonly used techniques for measuring quality costs are __________
a) Trend analysis and Pareto analysis
b) Trend analysis only
c) Pareto analysis only
d) Trigonometry

49. Inspection, scrap, and repair are examples of ______________

a) internal costs b)external costs c) costs of dissatisfaction d) societal costs

50. Customers are primarily concerned with ______________

 A. Communication, courtesy, and credibility of the salesperson
B. Competence, courtesy, and security of the salesperson
C. Competence, responsiveness, and reliability of the sales person
D. Communication, responsiveness, and cleverness of the sales person

51. All of the following costs are likely to decrease as a result of better quality except
______________

A. customer dissatisfaction costs

B. inspection costs
C. maintenance costs
D. warranty and service costs

52. After E.deming, who is considered to have the greatest impact in quality management?

A. Kauro Ishikawa
B. Joseph M. Juran
C. W.E. Deming
D. Genichi Tagucchi

53. In Six Sigma, a ______________ is defined as any process output that does not meet
customer specifications

A. error
B. cost
C. quality
D. defect

54. –––––––– are the charts that identify potential causes for particular quality problems.

A. Control Chart
B. Flow chart
C. Cause and Effect Diagram
D. Pareto chart

55. Quality circles work best if employees are initially trained in ______________

A. Group dynamics
B. Motivation principles
C. Communications
D. All of the three.

56. According to Deming most of the problems are related to systems and it is the
responsibility of the management to improve the systems

A. Correct
 B. correct to some extent.
C. correct to great extent.
D. Taguchi

57. Kaizen is a Japanese term meaning ______________

A. continuous improvement
B. Just-in-time (JIT)
C. a fishbone diagram.
D. setting standards

58. Match the following

A. Dr. Deming believes. 1. Common causes

B. Ishikawa development 2. To prevent defect
C. Type of variation is due to 3. Cause & effect diagram
D. Crosby‟s objective of quality 4. Histogram

A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4

59. TQM & ISO both focuses on

A. Customer
B. Employee
C. Supplier
D. All of the above

60. ______________ helps organization reduce employee turnover and absenteeism.

A. Job design
B. Training & development
C. Wage revision
D. All of the above

61. CMM stands for

A. Capability maturity model

B. Capability monitoring model
C. Capability measuring model
D. Capability matching model

62. The process of evaluating overall project performance on a regular basis to provide
confidence that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards is called:

A. Quality Assurance
 B. Quality Control
C. Quality Planning
D. Quality Review

63. All of the following are the elements of a TQM system EXCEPT:

A. Leadership
B. Communications
C. Measurement
D. Detentions

64. Crosby‟s approach to management is

A. A problem that can never be solved

B. Absolutes of Quality Management
C. Interim Management
D. ISO

65. Reworking ______________ the cost of quality.

A. Decreases
B. Increases
C. Neutralizes

66. Which of the following is not considered a cost of nonconformance to quality?

A. Scrap
B. Rework
C. Expediting
D. Process control
E. all of the above are considered nonconformance costs

67. Which of the following was developed by Motorola to improve its processes by
minimizing defects?

A. ISO 9000
B. Six sigma
C. QS 9000
D. TQM

68. ISO 9000 is a series is a _______ .

A. quantity management standards
B. qualification management standards
C. quality management standards
D. None of the above
69. The ISO 9000 series was created by the ______________.
A. Internal Organization for Standardization
B. International Trade Organization
C. International Organization for Standardization
D. International Standards for Organization

70. The ISO 9000 series was originally introduced in ____.

A. 1978 B. 1987 C. 1981 D. 1998

71. ISO 9000 having been adopted in over _______ countries.

A. 117 B. 152 C. 178 D. 215

72. The ISO 9000 family does NOT contain ____

A. ISO 9001:2000 B. ISO 9001:2005
C. ISO 9001:2008 D. ISO 9001:2015

73. The ISO 9000 certification helps _______

A. to compete with other non certified competitors
B. to improve employee‟s morale
C. to document quality system effectively
D. all of the above

74. The ________ family is the world‟s most best-known quality management standard for
companies and organizations of any size.
A. ISO 9000 B. ISO 27000 C. ISO 14000 D. ISO 2018

75. ISO 9001 sets out the criteria for a __________.

A. quality management system B. quantity management system
C. qualified marketing system D. quality marketing system

76. ISO 9001 can be used by _____

A. large organization B. Small organization
C. MSME enterprises D. All of the above

77. There are over ________ companies and organizations certified to ISO 9001.
A. Ten Thousand B. One Million
C. One Lakh D. Ten Million

78. ISO 9001 helps ensure that customers get ______

A. consistent products & services B. good-quality products and services
C. many business benefits D. all of the above

79. ISO 14000 standards are for the ______

A. sustained success B. production management
C. operations quality management D. environmental management
80. ISO 9000 is the only standard which is meant for certification.

81. ANSI stands for American National Standards Institute.

82. ISO 9000 demands documentation of quality procedures as this reduces the
misinterpretations, manipulations and the malpractices.

83. TWO steps are involved in third party audit.

84. The cost of certification of ISO 9000 takes time between 12 to 18 months.

85. Quality policy statement is the First tier of documentation.

86. Four tiers/levels are required for documentation.

87. The series of international standards for quality systems were first published in 1987.

88. ISO 9000-2000 a standard provides and specifies the terms, definitions and elements of
quality management system.

89. Third party quality audit is also known as „Exstrinsic Audit‟.

90. The international organization for standardization came into existence in 1946.

91. ASQC stands for American society of quality control.

92. The third party quality audit is conducted by Recognised certification agencies for
applicant organization with a sale purpose of certification.

93. In order to attain an ISO 9000 certification a firm needs to meet the standard of FIVE
documents.

94. ISO 9001 is the only standard which is meant for Certification.

95. The ISO 9000 standard is defined as Formal Quality Management which is essential to
assure the technical administrative.
 96. Quality policy manual is the first tier of Documentation.

97. ISO 9001 – 2000 standard specifies the prerequisites for a quality management system to
fulfill the requirement of customers.

98. Quality cost means the cost of poor product or service.

99. While measuring quality cost , the measurement should consider most effective Failure
costs.Measuring quality cost recognizes the opportunities for improvement.

101. An organization should produce an ideal product without any defect.

102. Tangible cost is the cost that is specific in nature.

103. Cost of quality report aims to bring the focus of management towards continuous
improvements.

104. Preventive cost Is the cost that are associated to minimize the defect in product and
maintains the product quality.

106. Testing of software is an example of Appraisal cost.

107. ABC is useful when there are multiple products and helps in product or service pricing.

108. Accounting systems plays an important role in measuring the costs of products and services.

109. Quality costs of Four types.

110. Field evaluation cost is an example of Appraisal cost.

111.Use of quality cost information makes budget and profit planning a simple task.

112. Cost of quality report separates cost into four categories.

113. Operational accounting focus attention primarily on processing financial transactions on day
-to-day basis.
114. Activity accounting is the other name of ABC analysis.

115. Scatter diagram explains graphically the relation b/w two variables.

116. Check sheets are helpful tools for collecting proper data.

117. Run charts are also called as Trend charts.

118. Pareto principle is also known as 80-20 Rule.

119. “ The vital few and the trivial may” is related to Pareto principle.

120. The more the efforts on Prevention, the less will be the Internal cost.