4551/2

Biology (KSSM) Name:

August 2023
2hr 30mins Class:

SRI UCSI SCHOOL

SUBANG JAYA

MID-YEAR EXAMINATION 2023

Form 4

Paper 2

Duration : 2 Hours 30 Minutes

KSSM Biology 4551/2

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. This question paper consists of 12 pages. For Examiner’s Use Only

2. Answer all questions in Sections A and C, Sections Questions Full Marks

choose and answer only one question in Marks Obtained
A 1 6
Section B.
2 10
3 10
3. The total mark for this paper is 100. 4 5
5 5
4. The diagrams in these questions provided 6 12
are not drawn to scale unless stated. 7 3
8 9
5. The number of marks for each question or B 9 20
part question is shown in brackets. 10 20
C 11 20
6. Hand in all your answer sheets at the end Total 100
of the examination.

4551/2 CONFIDENTIAL
 SECTION A
[60 marks]

Answer all the questions in this section.

1. Diagram 1 shows some specialised cells and tissues.

Diagram 1
a) i) Name cell W and tissue X. (2 marks)
Cell W :
Tissue X :

ii) State one function of cell W and tissue X. (2 marks)

Cell W :
Tissue X :

b) Explain one characteristic of tissue Y that facilitate water absorption from the soil.

(2 marks)

2. Diagram 2 shows the structure of plasma membrane based on the fluid mosaic model

Diagram 2

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 a) Give one example of substance that is able to move across part X. Explain the
characteristic of the substance related to this ability. (2 marks)

b) A chemical substance inhibits the respiration process in the root hair cells of the
plant. Explain the effect of this substance on the transport of mineral ions into the
root hair cells. (2 marks)

c) Complete the table below to explain the movement of substances in daily life.
(6 marks)
(i) Isotonic drink (ii) Oral (iii) Saline solutions
for athlete rehydration for medical use
solutions for patient
with diarrhoea
Function

Impact

3. Diagram 3 shows the formation and breakdown of sucrose molecule.

Diagram 3

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a) i) What are molecules T and U ? (2 marks)

ii) Name processes Q and R. (2 marks)

iii)
Process Q is involved in the digestion of sucrose.

Support this statement by describing the chemical reaction that takes place.
(2 marks)

b) Diagram 4 shows a polysaccharide found largely in the cell wall of plant cells.

Diagram 4
i) Name the polysaccharide shown in Diagram 4. (1 mark)

ii) Name the monomer that forms the polysaccharide named in (b)(i). (1 mark)

iii) Explain how the polysaccharide named in (b)(i) maintain the shape of the
plant cell. (2 marks)

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4. Diagram 5 shows the mechanism action of sucrase.

Diagram 5
a) i) Label X and Y in Diagram 5. (2 marks)

ii) Draw the diagram in the box provided in Diagram 5 to complete the
mechanism of the enzyme reaction. (1 mark)

b) Using the ‘lock and key’ hypothesis, explain why the enzyme sucrase used in the
reaction is highly specific. (2 marks)

5. The effect of different substrate concentrations on the rate of an enzyme-catalysed

reaction can be seen in the graph in Diagram 6.

Diagram 6

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 a) Based on the graph, explain the enzyme action at R. (2 marks)

b) State one application of enzyme in daily life. (1 mark)

c) Orlistat is a drug designed to treat obesity. Its primary function is to prevent the
absorption of fats from human diet by acting as an inhibitor to enzyme lipase.
Based on the above statement, explain the effect of inhibitor on the rate of enzyme
reaction. (2 marks)

6. Diagram 7 shows phases P and Q during meiosis I.

Diagram 7
a) i) Name phases P and Q. (2 marks)

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 ii) State the chromosomal behaviour during each phases. (2 marks)

b) Diagram 8 shows process R.

Diagram 8
i) On Diagram 8, draw the chromosomes at the end of process R. (1 mark)

ii) Name process R. (1 mark)

iii) Explain process R. (2 marks)

c) Cancer cells are formed after the normal cell are exposed to factor such as
radioactive rays, chemical or mutation.
i) Explain the formation of tumour. (2 marks)

ii) Explain one way to control the development of tumour. (2 marks)

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7 Mitochondria is known as the “powerhouse” of the cell.
.
a) State the reaction that occurs in mitochondria. (1 mark)

b) Explain the reaction stated in (a)(i). (2 marks)

8. Respiration is a process that occurs in all living organisms. Diagram 9 shows two
individuals, R and S, in two different situations. R is reading a book while S is running in
a 100 metre sprint event.

Diagram 9
a) i) Based on Diagram 9, identify the type of respiration occurs in the body of
individuals R and S. (2 marks)

ii) State one difference between the types of respiration stated in (a)(i). (1 mark)

b) At the end of the 100 metre sprint event, indvidual S experiences muscle fatigue.
i) Explain why muscle fatigue occurs. (2 marks)

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 ii) Individual S then carries out the following actions :
 Takes a few long, and deep breaths
 Walks around
Explain why did Individual S carried out the above reactions ? (2 marks)

c) Some bacteria can carry out the same type of respiration as the one occurs in the
muscle cells of Individual S.
i) Give one example of the bacteria. (1 mark)

ii) The bacteria that carried out this type of respiration can only survive in
anaerobic conditions. Predict what will happen to this bacteria if oxygen is
supplied. (1 mark)

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 SECTION B
[20 MARKS]

Answer any one question from this section.

9. a) Study the statement below.

Movement of substances across the plasma membrane in the cell is

important for the continuity in life of organisms. The process helps to
maintain a constant internal environment.

Explain the importance of plasma membrane for the survival of living organisms.
(2 marks)

b) The diagram below compares the process of osmosis with that of reverse osmosis.

i) Based on the diagram, explain how does the reverse osmosis work ?
(4 marks)

ii) Reverse osmosis (RO) technology was developed in the late 1950’s as a
possible method of desalinating seawater in America. Today, RO drinking
water systems are used in millions of homes and even by NASA to ensure
the astronauts have clean drinking water in space. (4 marks)

c) Diagram below shows the structure of two types of fatty acids.

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 i) Identify molecule M and N. (2 marks)

ii) Distinguish between the two types of fatty acids. (4 marks)

iii) Consuming of too much fat can lead to diseases. However, our body need a
certain amount of fats to function. Based on your biological knowledge,
what are the importance of fats in human body ? (4 marks)

10.` a) Bromelain is an enzyme that can be harvested from all parts of the pineapple plant.
It can be used as a meat tenderiser. The reaction is shown in the graph diagram
below.

In an experiment, 1 cm3 of bromelain solution is added to 20 cm3 of collagen of

varying concentration. Diagram above shows the effects of increasing collagen
protein concentration on the rate of enzyme reaction.
i) Explain why 1 cm3 of bromelain solution is sufficient for this reaction.
(4 marks)

ii) Assuming the water is present in excess and that the temperature and pH are
optimal for the bromelain activity, explain the shape of the graph. (6 marks)

iii) Bromelain powder is sprinkled on the meat for tendering effect. Suggest why
bromelain powder is not added during cooking instead. (6 marks)

b) Protease and lipase enzymes are enzymes that are commonly used in baby food
industry. Explain the uses of enzyme in the production of baby food. (4 marks)

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 SECTION C
[20 MARKS]

Answer all the questions in this section.

11 a) Stem cell therapy, also known as regenerative medicine, promotes the repair
. response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells. The diagram
below shows the potential application of human stem cells.

i) Based on the diagram above, define stem cell. (2 marks)

ii) The following information is about leukemia.

Leukaemia is blood cancer where too many white blood cells are
produced and these white blood cells do not mature normally. They
accumulate in the bone marrow as well as in the blood and also suppress
the formation of normal blood cells. The production of excessive numbers
of these cells in the blood and the lost ability to fight infection is what
makes the leukaemia rapidly fatal if not successfully treated.

By using your biological knowledge, justify whether stem cell therapy is

suitable to treat cancer like leukaemia. (5 marks)

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b) The diagram below shows a karyotype of a person with chromosome abnormality.

You are asked to explain the health issue on the chromosome abnormality shown in
the diagram above to the pregnant mother. Explain this abnormality. (8 marks)

c) Explain the need for meiosis to occur prior to fertilisation in sexual reproduction.
(5 marks)

- END OF QUESTIONS -

Prepared by, Checked by, Verified by,

_________________ ________________ _________________

Ms. Arina Syairah Ms. Tee Swee Lee Mrs. Tan
Subject teacher Head of Division Principal

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