P2 - Image RLE
P2 - Image RLE
P2 - Image RLE
Overview
In this project students will develop routines to encode and decode data for images using run-length encoding
(RLE). Students will implement encoding and decoding of raw data, conversion between data and strings, and
display of information by creating procedures that can be called from within their programs and externally. This
project will give students practice with loops, strings, Python lists, methods, and type-casting.
Run-Length Encoding
RLE is a form of lossless compression used in many industry applications, including imaging. It is intended to
take advantage of datasets where elements (such as bytes or characters) are repeated several times in a row in
certain types of data (such as pixel art in games). Black pixels often appear in long “runs” in some animation
frames; instead of representing each black pixel individually, the color is recorded once, following by the number
of instances.
For example, consider the first row of pixels from the pixel image of a gator
(shown in Figure 1). The color black is “0”, and green is “2”:
Flat (unencoded) data: 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 _
The encoding for the entire image in RLE (in hexadecimal) – width, height, and pixels - is:
1 E |1 6 2 0 3 2 6 0 2 2 2 0 1 2 1 F 1 0 7 2 1 A F 2 1 0 9 2 3 0 1 2 1 0 3 2 6 0 3 2 3 0 8 2 5 0
\W/ \H/ \------------------------------------------PIXELS-----------------------------------------------/
Image Formatting
The images are stored in uncompressed / unencoded format natively. In addition, there are a few other rules to
make the project more tractable:
1. Images are stored as a list of numbers, with the first two numbers holding image width and height.
2. Pixels will be represented by a number between 0 and 15 (representing 16 unique colors).
3. No run may be longer than 15 pixels; if any pixel runs longer, it should be broken into a new run.
For example, the chubby smiley image (Figure 2) would contain the data shown in Figure 3.
NOTE: Students do not need to work with the image file format itself – they only need to work with lists and
encode or decode them. Information about image formatting is to provide context.
Requirements
Student programs must present a menu when run in standalone mode and must also implement several methods,
defined below, during this assignment.
There are five ways to load data into the program that should be provided and four ways the program must be
able to display data to the user.
Loading a File
Accepts a filename from the user and invokes ConsoleGfx.load_file(filename):
Select a Menu Option: 1
Enter name of file to load: testfiles/uga.gfx
Class Methods
Student classes are required to provide all of the following methods with defined behaviors. We recommend
completing them in the following order:
1. to_hex_string(data)
Translates data (RLE or raw) a hexadecimal string (without delimiters). This method can also aid debugging.
Ex: to_hex_string([3, 15, 6, 4]) yields string "3f64".
2. count_runs(flat_data)
Returns number of runs of data in an image data set; double this result for length of encoded (RLE) list.
Ex: count_runs([15, 15, 15, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4]) yields integer 2.
3. encode_rle(flat_data)
Returns encoding (in RLE) of the raw data passed in; used to generate RLE representation of a data.
Ex: encode_rle([15, 15, 15, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4]) yields list [3, 15, 6, 4].
4. get_decoded_length(rle_data)
Returns decompressed size RLE data; used to generate flat data from RLE encoding. (Counterpart to #2)
Ex: get_decoded_length([3, 15, 6, 4]) yields integer 9.
5. decode_rle(rle_data)
Returns the decoded data set from RLE encoded data. This decompresses RLE data for use. (Inverse of #3)
Ex: decode_rle([3, 15, 6, 4]) yields list [15, 15, 15, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4].
6. string_to_data(data_string)
Translates a string in hexadecimal format into byte data (can be raw or RLE). (Inverse of #1)
Ex: string_to_data ("3f64") yields list [3, 15, 6, 4].
7. to_rle_string(rle_data)
Translates RLE data into a human-readable representation. For each run, in order, it should display the run
length in decimal (1-2 digits); the run value in hexadecimal (1 digit); and a delimiter, ‘:’, between runs. (See
examples in standalone section.)
Ex: to_rle_string([15, 15, 6, 4]) yields string "15f:64".
8. string_to_rle(rle_string)
Translates a string in human-readable RLE format (with delimiters) into RLE byte data. (Inverse of #7)
Ex: string_to_rle("15f:64") yields list [15, 15, 6, 4].
Submissions
NOTE: Your output must match the example output *exactly*. If it does not, you will not receive full credit for
your submission!
File: rle_program.py
Method: Submit on ZyLabs
Part A (5 points)
For part A of this assignment, students will set up the standalone menu alongside the 4 requirements listed on
page 2 of this document. In addition to this, students should also set up menu options 1 (loading an image), 2
(loading specifically the test image), and 6 (displaying whatever image was loaded) in order to help grasp the
bigger picture of the project.
This involves correctly setting up the console_gfx.py file and utilizing its methods. You will use
ConsoleGfx.display_image(...) to display images. Notice how it takes in a decoded list. This is the
format in which you will locally (in your program) store any image data that you are working with. When the
document mentions that something is “loaded” it means that something is stored as a list of flat (decoded)
data.