SEMESTER-IV

49
Name of the Course Microelectronics and VLSI
Course Code EC-4001 Credits-4 L-3,T-1,P-0
Lectures to be delivered 52 (1 Hr Each) (L=39, T=13 for each semester)
Semester End Max Marks: 100 Min Pass Marks: 40 Max. Time: 3 Hrs
Examination
Internal Assessment (based on sessional tests-50%, Tutorials/ Max Marks: 50
Assignments-30%, Quiz/Seminar-10%, Attendance-10%)
Instructions
For Paper Setters: The question paper will consist of five sections A, B, C, D and E. Section
E will be Compulsory, it will consist of a single question with 10-20 subparts of short answer
type, which will cover the entire syllabus and will carry 20% of the total marks of the
semester end examination for the course. Section A, B, C and D will have two questions from
the respective sections of the syllabus and each question will carry 20% of the total marks of
the semester end examination for the course.
For Candidates: Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all selecting one
question from each of the section A, B, C and D of the question paper and all the subparts of
the questions in section E. Use of non-programmable calculators is allowed.
Course Objectives:
 Be familiar with the MOSFET physical structure and operation, electrical
characteristics, circuit models and basic circuit applications.
 To develop the ability to analyze and design microelectronic circuits
 Understanding of the different design steps required to carry out a complete digital
VLSI (Very-Large-Scale Integration) design in silicon, computer aided simulation and
synthesis tool for hardware design.
Sections Course Content
MOSFET overview: Structure and Electrical Characteristics, Second-Order
Section A Effects - MOSFET Capacitance- MOSFET scaling techniques-MOSFET
Device Model.
VLSI Design Concepts, Moor's Law, Scale of Integration (SSI, MSI, LSI,
VLSI, ULSI – basic idea only), Types of VLSI Chips (Analog & Digital VLSI
Section B chips, General purpose, ASIC, PLA, FPGA), Design principles (Digital VLSI
– Concept of Regularity, Granularity etc), Design Domains (Behavioral,
Structure)
Micro-electronic Processes for VLSI Fabrication: Silicon Semiconductor
Technology- An Overview, Wafer processing, Oxidation, Epitaxial
deposition, Ion-implantation & Diffusion, Cleaning, Etching, Photo-
Section C
lithography – Positive & Negative photo-resist ; Basic CMOS Technology –
(Steps in fabricating CMOS , Basic n-well CMOS process, p-well CMOS
process, Twin tub process , Silicon on insulator; Layout Design Rule: Stick
diagram with examples, Layout rules.
CMOS inverter: static and dynamic characteristics; VTC, Power-Speed Trade-
Section D Off, power dissipation, CMOS logic circuits, NAND & NOR Gates, Complex
logic circuits, CMOS Full Adder, CMOS Transmission GATE

50
Course Outcomes: After studying this course, students will be able to:
CO1: Understand the underlying physics and principles of operation of MOS field effect
transistors (MOSFETs).
CO2: To be aware about the trends in semiconductor technology, and how it impacts scaling
and its effect on device density, speed and power consumption.
CO3: To understand MOS transistor as a switch and its capacitance.
CO4: Student will be able to design digital systems using MOS circuits (Static and Switching
characteristics of inverters).
CO5: Able to learn Layout, Stick diagrams, Fabrication steps.
Text Books:
1. B. Razavi, “Fundamentals of Microelectronics”, 2nd edition, Wiley, 2013.
2. S.M. Kang & Y. Leblebici, “CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits-Analysis & Design”,
McGraw-Hill, 4th edition, 2016.
3. S.M. Sze, “VLSI Technology”, TMH, 2nd edition, 2003.
4. S.K. Gandhi, “VLSI Fabrication Principles”, John Willey & Sons, 2nd edition, 2008.
Reference Books:
1. B.G. Streetman & S. Banerjee, “Solid State Electronic Devices”, PHI, 6 th edition,
2009.
2. Sedra and Smith, Microlectronics Circuits, Oxford University Press, 7th edition, 2017.

51
Name of the Course Analog and Digital Communication
Course Code EC-4002 Credits-4 L-3,T-1,P-0
Lectures to be delivered 52 (1 Hr Each) (L=39, T=13 for each semester)
Semester End Max Marks: Min Pass Marks: 40 Maximum Time: 3 Hrs
Examination 100
Internal Assessment (based on sessional tests-50%, Tutorials/ Max Marks: 50
Assignments-30%, Quiz/Seminar-10%, Attendance-10%)
Instructions
For Paper Setters:
The question paper will consist of five sections A, B, C, D and E. Section E will be
Compulsory, it will consist of a single question with 10-20 subparts of short answer type,
which will cover the entire syllabus and will carry 20% of the total marks of the semester end
examination for the course. Section A, B, C and D will have two questions from the respective
sections of the syllabus and each question will carry 20% of the total marks of the semester
end examination for the course.
For Candidates:
Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all selecting one question from each of the
section A, B, C and D of the question paper and all the subparts of the questions in section E.
Use of non-programmable calculators is allowed.
Course Objectives:
 To provides a thorough introduction to the basic principles and techniques used in
analog and digital communications.
 To introduce analog and digital modulation techniques, communication receiver and
transmitter design, baseband and bandpass communication techniques, line coding
techniques, noise analysis, and multiplexing techniques.

Sections
Course Content
Modulation Techniques
Definition of communication, Block Diagram of Communication System,
Various frequency bands used for communication, Types of Communication
and need of modulation. Introduction to AM, FM, PM, frequency spectrum of
Section A AM Waves, Representation of AM, Frequency spectrum of AM waves, Power
relation in AM waves, Mathematical representation of FM, Phase Modulation,
Mathematical Representation of Phase modulation, Comparison between analog
and digital modulation, wide band and narrow band FM.
Transmitters & Receivers
AM Transmitters: Generation of AM, low level and high level modulation,
comparison of levels, AM transmitter block diagram, AM Receiver: Super
heterodyne receiver, AM receiver characteristics, Generator of SSB,
Section B Demodulation of SSB, FM Transmitters: Basic requirements and generation of
FM, FM Modulation methods, FM Receivers: Block diagram of FM Receivers,
RF Amplifiers, FM Receiver characteristics, Pulse amplitude modulation and
demodulation.
Principles of Digital Data transmission
Digital communication system, Nyquist criterion for distortion less baseband
Section C binary transmission, Digital receivers and regenerative repeaters, Digital Pulse
Modulation technique: Analog and Digital Multiplexing, Quantization,
Elements of Pulse code modulation system, Transmission Bandwidth of PCM

52
 system, DPCM, Delta modulation, Adaptive delta modulation-Design of typical
systems and performance analysis.
Digital Modulation & Spread Spectrum Systems
Digital Modulation Techniques: Digital carrier system, Method of generation
and detection of coherent & non-coherent binary ASK, FSK & PSK,
Section D Differential phase shift keying, Quadrature modulation techniques, Spread
spectrum Communications: Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
systems, Multiple FHSS user system and performance, application of FHSS,
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), Features of DSSS, Code Division
Multiple Access of DSSS.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
CO1: Understand basic elements of a communication system
CO2: Conduct analysis of baseband signals in time domain and in frequency domain
CO3: Demonstrate understanding of various analog and digital modulation and
demodulation techniques.
CO4: Appreciate the importance of synchronization in communication systems.

Text Books:
1. H. Taub, D L Schilling, Goutom Saha, “Principles of Communication”, 3rd Edition,
Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.
2. Simon Haykin, “Communication Systems”, 4th Edition, Wiley India.
3. John G. Proakis, “Digital Communications”, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill International
4. Electronic Communication systems by Tomasi.

Reference Books:
1. Digital Communication system by Dr. Sanjay Sharma.
2. Electronic Communication systems by George Kennedy.
3. Analog Communication System by Dr. Sanjay Sharma

53
Name of the Course Linear Integrated Circuit
Course Code EC-4003 Credits-4 L-3,T-1,P-0
Lectures to be delivered 52 (1 Hr Each) (L=39, T=13 for each semester)
Semester End Max Marks: 100 Min Pass Marks: 40 Maximum Time: 3 hrs
Examination
Internal Assessment (based on sessional tests-50%, Tutorials/ Max Marks: 50
Assignments-30%, Quiz/Seminar-10%, Attendance-10%)
Instructions
For Paper Setters:
The question paper will consist of five sections A, B, C, D and E. Section E will be
Compulsory, it will consist of a single question with 10-20 subparts of short answer type,
which will cover the entire syllabus and will carry 20% of the total marks of the semester end
examination for the course. Section A, B, C and D will have two questions from the respective
sections of the syllabus and each question will carry 20% of the total marks of the semester
end examination for the course.

For Candidates:
Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all selecting one question from each of the
section A, B, C and D of the question paper and all the subparts of the questions in section E.
Use of non-programmable calculator is allowed.

Course Objectives:
 To understand the basic concepts of operational amplifier and its various applications.
 Analyze circuits for inverting and non inverting amplifiers and differential amplifier.
 Elucidate and design the active filter oscillators.
 Identify the needs of voltage regulators and timers.

Sections Course Content

Differential amplifiers: Introduction, Differential Amplifier configurations–
Dual Input-Balanced output, Dual Input-Unbalanced output, Single Input-
Balanced output, Single Input-Unbalanced output Differential amplifier with
Section A their DC and AC analysis, Differential amplifier using FET, Differential
amplifier with swamping resistors, Constant current bias, Current mirror,
Cascaded differential amplifier Stages, Level Translator, Cascode amplifier.

Introduction to Op-amps: Block diagram of a typical Op-Amp, Schematic

symbol, Characteristics and performance parameters of ideal Op-Amp, Open
loop configurations: Differential, Inverting &Non Inverting. Practical Op-
Amp: offset voltage analysis and compensation, input bias and offset
Section B current analysis and compensation, Change in Input offset voltage and Input
offset current with time, Temperature and supply voltage, Common mode
configuration and Common mode rejection Ratio, Frequency response, slew
rate.

Op-amp with Negative Feedback: Block diagram representation of feedback

configurations, Voltage-series and Voltage–shunt feedback amplifier,
Section C
Differential amplifiers-using one op-amp, two op-amps, three op-amps. Op-
amp Applications: DC and AC amplifiers, Peaking amplifiers, Summing,

54
 Scaling and Averaging amplifiers, Differential amplifier, Instrumentation
amplifiers, V to I and I to V converters, Differentiator and integrator, A to D
and D to A converters, Log and antilog amplifiers, Sample and hold circuits,
Schmitt trigger.
Active Filters and Oscillators: Active filters- Low-Pass, High-Pass, Band-Pass,
Band-Reject Butterworth filters, State variable filters, All pass filters, Sallen
and Key structures, Introduction to Chebyshev and Cauer Filters, phase-shift &
Section D Wein bridge Oscillators, Square wave, triangular wave and saw-tooth wave
generators, Voltage controlled oscillator. Specialised ICs: Phase Locked Loop-
Operating principles and applications, Voltage Regulators - Fixed, adjustable
and switching regulators, 555 Timer- its applications as Monostable and
Astable multivibrators.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to
CO1: Infer the DC and AC characteristics of operational amplifiers and its effect on output and
their compensation techniques.
CO2: Elucidate and design the linear and non-linear applications of an op amp and special
application Ics.
CO3: Explain and compare the working of multivibrators using special application IC 555 and
general purpose op amp.
CO4: Illustrate the function of application specific ICs such as Voltage regulators, PLL and its
application in communication.
Text Books:
1. Gayakwad Ramakant A., “Op-amps and Linear Integrated Circuits”, 4th edition,
Pearson Education Inc, Delhi, 2000.
2. Botkar K B, “Integrated Electronics”, 10th edition, Khanna Publishers, 2005.
3. Sedra, Adel S and Smith, Kenneth C, “Microelectronic Circuits”, 5th edition, Oxford
University Press, 2005.
Reference Books:
1. Roy Choudhary D and Jain Shail, “Linear Integrated Circuits”, 3rd edition, New Age
International Publishers, 2007.
2. Michael Jacob, Applications and design with Analog Integrated Circuits”, 2nd edition,
PHI.

55
Name of the Course Electromagnetic Field Theory
Course Code EC-4004 Credits-4 L-3,T-1,P-0
Lectures to be delivered 52 (1 Hr Each) (L=39, T=13 for each semester)
Semester End Max Marks: 100 Min Pass Marks: 40 Maximum Time: 3
Examination hrs
Internal Assessment (based on sessional tests-50%, Tutorials/ Max Marks: 50
Assignments-30%, Quiz/Seminar-10%, Attendance-10%)

Instructions
For Paper Setters:
The question paper will consist of five sections A, B, C, D and E. Section E will be
Compulsory, it will consist of a single question with 10-20 subparts of short answer type,
which will cover the entire syllabus and will carry 20% of the total marks of the semester end
examination for the course. Section A, B, C and D will have two questions from the
respective sections of the syllabus and each question will carry 20% of the total marks of the
semester end examination for the course.
For Candidates:
Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all selecting one question from each of
the section A, B, C and D of the question paper and all the subparts of the questions in section
E. Use of non-programmable calculators is allowed.
Course Objectives:
 Create and develop the basic skills to design various applications involve
electromagnetic fields.
 Analyse Maxwell's equation and apply them to diverse engineering problems.
 Apply the concept of electromagnetism in modern communications such as antenna
and microwave engineering.

Sections Course Content

Vector Analysis: Introduction to Coordinate systems and Transformation,
Differential Length, Area and Volume, Line, Surface and Volume Integrals,
Section A Del Operator, Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Stoke's Theorem, Divergence
Theorem, Laplacian of a Scalar.
Electrostatics : Coulomb Law, Permittivity and Electric flux density, Gauss
Law, Applications of Gauss's Law, Electric potential, Continuity Equation,
Relaxation time, boundary conditions, Poisson's and Laplace's Equations.
Section B
Magnetostatics: Biot Savart Law, Ampere‟s circuit law and its application,
Magnetic flux and magnetic flux density, Derivation of the steady magnetic
field laws
Waves and Applications: Faraday's law, Transformer and Motional EMFs,
Displacement current, Maxwell's equations in point form and integral form
for steady fields, Phasor form of Maxwell's equation. Electromagnetic Wave
Section C Propagation: Wave propagation in lossy dielectrics, plane waves in lossless
dielectrics, plane wave in free space, plane waves in good conductors, power
and the pointing vector, Reflection at boundaries.

56
 Transmission lines and Antenna Introduction: Introduction, Circuit
representation of parallel plane transmission lines, Transmission lines with
losses, Characteristic impedance, Propagation constant, Attenuation constant
and phase constant, Reflection, Reflection coefficient, Expression for input
impedance in terms of reflection coefficient, Standing wave ratio (SWR),
Section D Relation between SWR and reflection coefficient, Principle of impedance
matching devices, Smith Chart
Antenna Introduction: Basic antenna parameters: Reflection and Radiation
Mechanism: Patterns, Beam area (or Beam solid angle) ΩA, Radiation
intensity, Beam efficiency, Directivity D and Gain G, Antenna apertures,
Antenna temperature, Antenna impedance.
Course outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students will:

CO1: Get ready for advanced courses in antenna, microwave, radar, and wireless
Communication.
CO2: Able to understand and compute Electromagnetic fields and apply them for design and
analysis of electrical equipment and systems.
CO3: Have knowledge of physical interpretation, and ability to apply Maxwell‟s equations to
determine field waves, potential waves, energy and charge conservation conditions.
CO4: Be familiar with Electromagnetic wave propagation and wave polarization.
Text Books:
1. Matthew N.O. Sadiku, “Principles of Electromagnetics”, Oxford University Press.
Reference Books:
1. William H. Hayt, Jr And John A. Buck, “Engineering Electromagnetics”, McGraw Hill
Education.
2. John D Kraus, Ronald J Marhefka and Ahmad S. Khan, “Antennas and Wave
Propagation”, 5th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2017

57
Name of course Organizational Behaviour
Course code HSMC-4001 Credits -2 L-3,T-0,P-0
Lectures to be delivered 39 (1 Hr Each) (L=39 for each semester)
Semester End Max Marks: 100 Min Pass Marks: 40 Max. Time: 3 Hrs
Examination
Internal Assessment (based on sessional tests-50%, Tutorials/ Max Marks: 50
Assignments-30%, Quiz/Seminar-10%, Attendance-10%)
Instructions
For Paper Setters:
The question paper will consist of five sections A, B, C, D and E. Section E will be
Compulsory, it will consist of a single question with 10-20 subparts of short answer type,
which will cover the entire syllabus and will carry 20% of the total marks of the semester end
examination for the course. Section A, B, C and D will have two questions from the
respective sections of the syllabus and each question will carry 20% of the total marks of the
semester end examination for the course.
For Candidates:
Candidates are required to attempt five questions in all selecting one question from each of
the section A, B, C and D of the question paper and all the subparts of the questions in
section E. Use of non-programmable calculators are allowed.
Course Objectives:
 To expose the students to basic concepts of management.
 To equip the students with requisite knowledge, skills & right attitude necessary to
understand behavioral processes at individual, team and organizational level.
 To provide effective leadership in a global environment.
Sections Course Content
Organizational Behaviour: Learning objective, Definition & Meaning, Why
Section A
to study OB, An OB model, New challenges for OB Manager
LEARNING: Nature of learning, How learning occurs, Learning & OB
Personality: Meaning & Definition, Determinants of Personality, Personality
Traits, Personality & OB
Section B Perception: Meaning & Definition, Perceptual process, Importance of
Perception in OB
Motivation: Nature & Importance, Herzberg’s Two Factor theory and
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy theory
Groups In Organisation: Nature, Types, Why do people join groups, Group
Cohesiveness & Group
Decision Making- managerial Implications, Effective Team Building
Leadership: Leadership & management, Theories of leadership- Trait
Section C
theory, Behavioral Theory
Contingency Theory, Leadership & Followership, How to be an Effective
Leader
Conflict: Nature of Conflict & Conflict Resolution

58
 Organizational Culture And Climate: Factors affecting organizational
Section D climate, Importance.
Job Satisfaction: Determinants, Measurements, Influence on behaviour,
Stress: Work Stressors, Prevention and Management of stress, Balancing
work and Life.
Course outcomes: At the end of the course, student will able to:
CO1: Identify and discuss the role and importance of organizational behaviour in
engineering.
CO2: Identify and discuss the issues and concepts related behavior.
CO3: Identify and discuss issues related to working in organisation.
CO4: Identify and discuss the complex issues related to management.
Text Books:
1. Organizational Behaviour by Robbins, S.P., Prentice Hall of India.
2. Organizational Behavior by Luthans F., McGraw-Hill.
Reference Books:
1. Human Behaviour at Work: Organizational Behaviour by Davis K., Tata McGraw Hill.

59
 Name of the Course Microelectronics and VLSI Lab
Course Code EC-4051 Credits-1 L-0, T-0, P-2
Total Practical Sessions 30 hours of Lab. work (2 hrs. per week)
Semester End Min. Pass Marks:
Max Marks: 50 Max. Time: 3 Hrs.
Examination 20
Internal Assessment: (based on Continuous Lab Work Assessment: Max Marks: 50
20%, Experiment Performance: 30%, Attendance 10%, Viva: 40%) Min. Pass Marks: 25

List of Experiments
Sr.
No. Name of the Experiment
1 Introduction to Tanner and Cadence EDA simulation tool.
2 To simulate N-MOS transistor and obtain its transfer and output characteristics.
3 To simulate P-MOS transistor and obtain its transfer and output characteristics.
4 To simulate CMOS inverter, obtain their VTC.
5 Transient analysis of CMOS inverter.
6 To simulate NAND and NOR logic gate using CMOS and study its performance.
7 To simulate EX-OR and EX-NOR logic gate using CMOS and study its performance.
8 Layout extraction and simulation of NMOS.
9 Layout extraction and simulation of PMOS.
10 Layout extraction and simulation of CMOS inverter.
Course Outcomes: After completion of this Lab, the student will
CO1: be familiar with various EDA tools.
CO2: understand the characteristics of various electronic components.
CO3: design and analyze the characteristics of various CMOS circuits.
CO4: draw the layout of different schematics.
Text Books:
1. B. Razavi, “Fundamentals of Microelectronics”, 2nd edition, Wiley, 2013.
2. S.M. Kang & Y. Leblebici, “CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits-Analysis & Design”,
McGraw-Hill, 4th edition, 2016.
3. S.M. Sze, “VLSI Technology”, TMH, 2nd edition, 2003.
4. S.K. Gandhi, “VLSI Fabrication Principles”, John Willey & Sons, 2nd edition, 2008.
Reference Books:
1. B.G. Streetman & S. Banerjee, “Solid State Electronic Devices”, PHI, 6th edition,
2009.
2. Sedra and Smith, Microlectronics Circuits, Oxford University Press, 7th edition, 2017.

60
 Name of the Course Analog and Digital Communication Lab
Course Code EC-4052 Credits-1 L-0, T-0, P-2
Total Practical Sessions 30 hours of Lab. work (2 hrs. per week)
Semester End Min. Pass Marks:
Max Marks: 50 Max. Time: 3 Hrs.
Examination 20
Internal Assessment: (based on Continuous Lab Work Assessment: Max Marks: 50
20%, Experiment Performance: 30%, Attendance 10%, Viva: 40%) Min. Pass Marks: 25

List of Experiments
Sr.
No. Name of the Experiment
1 To study amplitude modulation and amplitude demodulation and calculation of
modulation index.
2 To study frequency modulation and frequency demodulation and calculation of
modulation index.
3 Generation of DSB-SC signal using balanced modulator, single sideband signal.
4 Study of phase lock loop and detection of FM signal using PLL.
5 Measurement of noise figure using a noise generator.
6 Study of super heterodyne AM receiver and measurement of sensitivity, selectivity &
fidelity.
7 Study of pulse code modulation and demodulation.
8 Study of delta modulation and demodulation and observe effect of slope overload.
9 Study of amplitude shift keying modulator and demodulator.
10 Study of frequency shift keying modulator and demodulator.
11 Study of phase shift keying modulator and demodulator.
Course Outcomes: After studying this course the students will be able to:
CO1: identify and describe different analog modulation techniques.
CO2: design and measure AM, FM, QPSK, and spread spectrum communication systems.
CO3: routinely use communications test equipment.
CO4: gain the knowledge of different digital modulation techniques.
Text Books:
1. H. Taub, D L Schilling, Goutom Saha, “Principles of Communication”, 3rd Edition,
Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.
2. Simon Haykin, “Communication Systems”, 4th Edition, Wiley India.
3. John G. Proakis, “Digital Communications”, 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill International
4. Electronic Communication systems by Tomasi.

Reference Books:
1. Sanjay Sharma, “Digital Communication System”.
2. George Kennedy, “Electronic Communication Systems”.

61