Current Transformers
Current Transformers
Current Transformer
ct ct model cts current current transformer delta connection delta wye
transformer star connection Dec 18, 2019
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Construction of CT (Current
Transformer):
The construction of a Current Transformer is very similar to a normal
transformer. The core of the current transformer is built up with
lamination of silicon steel.
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Working Principle:
Not only does the construction of current transformer similar to a regular
transformer but the working principle is same as well.
Classifications:
Based on Function:
Measurement CT:
Protection CT:
Based on Construction:
Bar Type Current Transformer:
This type of current transformer uses the actual cable or bus-bar of the
main circuit as the primary winding, which is equivalent to a single turn.
They are fully insulated from the high operating voltage.
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These do not contain a primary winding. Instead, the line that carries the
current flowing in the network is threaded through a window or hole in
the toroidal transformer. Some current transformers have a "split core"
which allows it to be opened, installed, and closed, without
disconnecting the circuit to which they are attached.
Connections of CTs:
A CT is quite simple to connect in a single phase system, but for three
phase system, there are 3 CTs which can be connected in two ways:
Delta Connected:
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For a delta connection, the CTs are connected to each other in delta
fashion, but the polarity of the CTs is kept in mind while making the
connections.
Polarity of CT:
Like any other transformer, a CT also has a polarity. Polarity refers to the
instantaneous direction of the primary current with respect to the
secondary current and is determined by the way transformer leads are
brought out of the case.
Grounding of CT:
The grounding of the current transformer is very important for the
safety and correct operation of the protective relays.
Burden of a CT:
Current transformer burden is defined as the load connected across its
secondary. It is generally expressed in VA(volt-ampere).
In short, the connecting wires and the connected meter form the load of
the current transformer. In technical terms this is called load in VA. This
load influences the accuracy of the current transformer. In the design of
the current transformer, internal losses and the external load of the
current transformer are taken into account.
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CT Ratio:
The CT ratio is the ratio of primary current input to secondary current
output at full load. For example, a CT with a ratio of 100:5 is rated for
100 primary amps at full load and will produce 5 amps of secondary
current when 100 amps flow through the primary.
Primary Current
Transformer Ratio =
Secondary Current
Errors in a CT:
The current transformer has two errors – ratio error and a phase angle
error.
KtIs - Ip
Ratio Error =
Ip
Where Ip is the primary current, Kt is the turn ratio and Is is the secondary
current.
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Where:
Io = exciting current,
Model of a CT:
The Current Transformer’s modelling is just the same as any other
transformer. The model of CT is as below:
Z0 = Magnetizing impedance
Zb = Secondary load
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