C3

Quiz: A core sample fully saturated with paraffin is immersed in acontainer of liquid displaced 10.9 cm3
of the liquid. The weight of the dry core sample was 20.0 g, while the weight of the dry sample saturated
with paraffin was 20.9 g. Assume the density of paraffin is 0.65 g/cm3.

Calculate the bulk volume of the rock sample.

Thể tích ma trận đá V m =¿ thể tích chất lỏng đã bị chiếm chỗ ¿ 10.9 c m3

Trọng lượng của parafin ¿ 20.9 g−20.0 g=0.9 g

0.9 g 3
¿ =1.3846 c m =¿
Thể tích parafin g Thể tích lỗ rỗng V p
0.65 3
cm
3 3 3
Thể tích tổng của mẫu đá V b =V p +V m=10.9 c m +1.3846 c m =12.2846 c m

Quiz: Given the measurement data from Boyle’s method:

V 1=V 2 =100 cc

p1=75 psi; p2 =52 psi

Calculate the matrix volume of the rock sample.

Thể tích lúc đầu ¿ V 1=100 cc

Thể tích lúc sau ¿ V 1 +V 2−V m =200 cc−V m

Phương pháp Boyle: Pđầu V đầu=P sau V sau ⟺75 psi∗ (100 cc )=52 psi∗ ( 200 cc−V m )

⇒ V m =57.6923 cc

Quiz: Using the gravimetric method with the following data:

Dry weight of sample, W dry=427.3 g

Weight of sample saturated with water, W sat =448.6 g
3
Density of water (ρ f )=1.0 g /c m

Weight of saturated sample submerged in water, W ¿ =269.6 g

Calculate the pore and bulk volumes and the porosity

448.6 g−427.3 g 3
¿ 3
=21.3 c m
1.0 g /c m

*Exercise:

Given the following gas permeability values and mean pressures:

Find the Klinkenberg-corrected equivalent liquid permeability of the rock core (mD).

kg Pm 1/ Pm
 34.3 1.4 0.7143
29.2 1.9 0.5263
25.4 2.6 0.3846
22.8 3.3 0.3030

VTCP : ( 0.1880 ; 5.1 ) ⇒VTPT : ( 5.1;−0.1880 )

PTDT :5.1 ( x−0.7143 )−0.1880 ( y−34.3 )=0
⇒ y =27.1277 ( x−0.7143 ) +34.3=27.1277 x+ 14.9227
27.1277∗1
Hayk g=14.9227+
Pm

⇒
{ k ∞=14.9227
k ∞∗b=27.1277
⇒ ∞
{
k =14.9227 mD
b=1.8179

C4

Quiz:

Given a rock with 80 mD absolute permeability, 6 in length, and 1.5 in diameter. During a two-phase
steady state-relative permeability experiment, water was injected at a rate of 0.23 cm3/min while oil
was injected simultaneously at a rate of 0.52 cm3/min. The outlet of the rock was open to atmospheric
pressure while the inlet pressure was measured at 7 psig for both water and oil. The water viscosity is 1
cP and oil viscosity is 0.9 cP. The rock weighs 145.7 g at that stage of the experiment. The water density is
1 g/cm3 while the oil density is 0.72 g/cm3.

Based on the information given, calculate:

a) Water and oil effective permeability values.

b) Water and oil relative permeability values.

-
k =80 mD
L=6 ∈¿ 15.24 cm
D=1.5 ∈¿ 3.81 cm
3 3
water injected rate q w =0. 23 c m /min=0.0038 c m /s
3 3
oil injected rate q o=0.52 c m /min=0.0087 c m /s

Pout =1atm

P¿ =7 psig=0.4763 atm
μw =1cP

μo =0.9 cP

m=145.7 g
3
ρw =1 g /c m
3
ρo =0.72 g /c m
a/

( )
2
D 3
A=π L=173.75 c m
2
q o∗μo∗L
k o= =0.001311 Darcy=1.311 mD
A∗( ∆ P )
qw ∗μw∗L
k w= =0.000636 Darcy =0.636 mD
A∗( ∆ P )
b/
 ko kw
k ro= =0.0164 k rw= =0.00795
k k
Exercise: Use Excel to calculate and graph the Leverett J-Function, J(Sw) for the following laboratory
data. Remember that J(Sw) is dimensionless and to work in consistent units.

Exercise:

A core was extracted from a producing oil reservoir, with a porosity and permeability of 12% and 50 mD,
respectively. The capillary pressure saturation data were obtained experimentally and found to be
related through the following equation:
−0.78
Pc =0.5 S w
The interfacial tension is measured at 40 dyne/cm with a contact angle of 0°, and the irreducible water
saturation is 0.2.

After measuring the porosity and permeability on several samples, the average porosity and
permeability of the reservoir was found to be at 16% and 85 mD, respectively.

Use the previous information to generate a representative capillary pressure data for the reservoir
-

ϕ=12 %=0.12
k =50 mD
−0.78
Pc =0.5 S w
σ =40 dyne /cm
θ=0 °
Swi =0.2

ϕ reservoir =16 %=0.16

k reservoir=85 mD
−0.78 −0.78
Pc =0.5 S w =0.5∗0.2 =1.7546 ( ? )

J (Sw )=
0.21645∗Pc
σ cos ⁡( θ )
k
√
∗ =0.1938=
ϕ
0.21645∗Pc
σ cos (θ )[∗
k
ϕ √]
reservoir

⇒ Pc reservoir
=J ( S w )∗σ cos ( θ )∗
√ ϕ
k
=0.3363 psia ??

(không nhân 0.21645 J ( S w ) =0.8954 , Pc reservoir

=1.5539 psia ??)

Exercise: Capillary pressure measurement on a reservoir rock in the laboratory gave the following
results:

a) What is the flow process for this capillary pressure curve: drainage or

imbibition? Explain?

b) What is the irreducible water saturation? Why?

c) Convert the capillary pressure to oil/water (reservoir conditions) system and plot it using a semi-log
scale.

-
a/ Với nước là pha dính ướt thì đây là quá trình imbibition do độ bão hòa nước tăng lên

b/ Irreducible water saturation, Swi =0.16

c/ Xét độ rỗng - thấm ở điều kiện vỉa = điều kiện phòng lab

J (Sw )=[ 0.21645∗P c k

σ cos ( θ )
∗
ϕ √] [ =
lab
0.21645∗Pc
σ cos ( θ )
∗
k
ϕ√] reservoir

σ reservoir cos ( θ )reservoir

⇒ Pc = ∗P c =5.4378∗Pc
reservoir
σ lab cos ( θ )lab lab lab

C6

CCE

Quiz: Calculate co and Y Function

Trên điểm bọt khí

Với ∆ P , ∆ V rel ? có thể là sau – tr (do nén là quá trình)

Dưới điểm bọt khí hiệu chỉnh

Exercise:

 Determine the Pb (giữa 6600, 6700, có thể là chọn 6700)

 Calculate the V rel

 Estimate the isothermal compressibility of oil c above

o

the bubble point pressure

 Calculate Y-Function and adjust Vrel for data below

bubble point pressure

Pb giữa 6600, 6700, có thể là chọn 6700

V rel

V sat lấy V o cao nhất (tại áp suất điểm bọt khí)

V t tổng thể tích V o +V g

(Tương tự như bài trước tại áp suất bão hòa thì V rel =1 ⇒ V sat =V t , sau khi khí thoát ra thì V rel >1)

Quiz: Calculatec g
Tương tự như c o

DL

1. Pb=2620 psig

2. V o =63.316 cc
¿
3. P =2350 psig

4. V g =4.396 cc
¿

5. V o =61.496 cc

6. V g ¿∗¿
=0.02265scf ¿

7. P¿∗¿=14.65 psia ¿
8. V o =61.496 cc
¿
9. P =¿2100 psig

10. V g =¿4.292 cc
¿

11. V o =59.952 cc

12. V g ¿∗¿
=0.01966scf ¿

13. P¿∗¿=14.65 psia ¿

14. V o =59.952 cc

Differential Liberation Quiz

Đơn vị

https://www.academia.edu/40740457/Reservoir_Engineering_Handbook_Ahmed_Tarek_5th_edition

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/reservoir-barrel
https://www.unitconverters.net/volume/cc-to-barrel-oil.htm

V o , residual=39.572 cc =0.0002489004 Stock Tank Barrels(STB)

https://www.academia.edu/40740457/Reservoir_Engineering_Handbook_Ahmed_Tarek_5th_edition

∑ P i Gas removed ,∗¿

¿∗¿
P ¿
R sd= =762.9960 scf /STB
V o ,residual

The differential oil formation volume factors Bod (commonly called the relative oil volume factors) at all
the various pressure levels are calculated by dividing the recorded oil volumes V L by the volume of
residual oil V sc , or:

V sc =0.0002489004 STB , V L=59.952 cc=0.0003770867 STB ở điều kiện vỉa(RB)

Bod=1.515 RB/ STB

 3
V =4.292 cc=0,00015157 f t
V sc =0.21256 scf

T sc =60 ℉=519.67 ° R

psc =14.65 psia

p=2100 psig=2100 psia

T =220 ℉=679.67 ° R
⇒ z=0.07815
3
⇒ B g=0.000713 f t /scf =0.00012699 bbl/ scf

R sdb=
∑ Gas removed ,∗¿ = 0.21256 scf
=853.9962 scf /STB
V o ,residual 0.0002489004 STB

⇒ Btd =1.515+ ( 853.9962−762.9960 )∗0.00012699=1.5266 bbl/STB

Tổng hợp chuyển đổi đơn vị:

Nhiệt độ: ℉−° R

Với khí: cc−f t 3 −bbl

Với dầu: cc−STB−bbl

Differential Liberation Exercise

The data from a differential vaporization on a black oil at 220 °F are given. Prepare a table of solution
gas-oil ratios, relative oil volumes, and relative total volumes by this differential process.

Also include z-factors and formation volume factors of the increments of gas removed.
Tương tự

Multi-stage Separation Test (Separator Test)

Separator Test Exercise

Hình ảnh thí nghiệm

⇒ V sat =V o , T b + P b

⇒ V sat =182.637 cc=0.00114875 STB

Đây là giai đoạn 100 psi đến 0 psi với T =75 ℉

⇒ ( V o )st =124.773 cc=0.0007848 STB

V sat
⇒ Bofb = =1.4637 bbl /STB
( V o ) st

⇒ ( V g )sc =0.52706 scf + 0.07139 scf =0.59845 scf

( V g )sc 0.59845 scf

⇒ R sfb= = =762.551 scf /STB
( V o ) st 0.0007848 STB

+ BT giữa kỳ