PERHITUNGAN

1. Laju Perpindahan Kalor

Kalor = Kalor tube = Kalor shell (Q = Qh = Qc)

Qh = 𝑚̇h . (h1 – h2) = 3,6111 kg/s . (1.736,56 - 1.579,01) kJ/kg = 568.910 W

Qc = 𝑚̇ c . cp,c . ΔT

𝑚̇c = Qc cp,c ΔT = 568.910 W = 568.910 kg/s = 10,47 kg/s

4178,7 J/KgoC x (45−32)oC 4.178,7 . 13

2. Beda Temperatur Rata-Rata Logaritma (LMTD)

ΔT1 = Th,i - Tc,o = 1200C – 450C = 750 C

ΔT2 = Th,o - Tc,i = 500C – 320C = 180C

LMTD = ∆𝑇1− ∆𝑇2 = (75−18)0C = 57 = 570C = 39,940C

ln ∆𝑇2/ΔT1 ln75 18 ln 4,1667 1,427

3. Koefisien Perpindahan Kalor Menyeluruh Disain (Ud)

Ud = Q = 568.910 W = 207,76 W/ m2 0C
A x LMTD 68,56 m2 𝑥 39,940C

4. Perhitungan Sisi Tube

 Luas Permukaan Perpindahan Kalor Total (at)

at = Nt(a’t) = 235 (2,154 x10−4 m2) = 0,05 m2

n 1

 Kecepatan Aliran Massa Ammonia (Gt)

Gt = 𝑚̇ℎ =3,61 kg/s = 70,78 kg/m2.s

at 0,05 m2

 Bilangan Reynold (Re,h)

Re,h = dit - Gt = 16,56 . 10−3 m x 70,78 kg/m2s = 0,098 x 103 = 98.000
μ 12,33 . 10−6 kg/ms

 Koefisien Perpindahan Kalor Konveksi (hi)

Nu = h. dit = 0.0214 (Re,h0.8 – 100)Pr,t0.4 = 0,0214 (9.8000.8 – 100) 0,87560.4 = 197,64

𝐾

hi = Nu . k= 197,64 x 0,031 w/m0 C = 360,40 W/m2 0 C

dit 16,56 x 10-3 m

5. Perhitungan Sisi Shell

 Luas Permukaan Perpindahan Kalor Toral (as)

'
d .C .B
as = i ,s
Pt

438,15 mm ×6,35 mm ×219 mm

= 25,4 mm

= 23988,713 mm2

= 0,0239888 m2

= 0,024 m2

 Kecepatan Aliran Massa Air (Gs)

ṁc
Gs =
as

10,37 kg/ s
=
25,4 m2

= 432,08 kg/m2.s
 Bilangan Reynold (Re,e)

d e . Gs
Re,e =
μ

de = diameter hidrolik

= 4 ¿¿
¿

(( )
1
3,14 x 19,052

=
4
1
2
25,4 x 0,86 x 25,4 −
2
) 4
¿ ¿
1
3,14 x 19,05
2

4 ( ( 12,7 x 21,84 )−142,44 )

de = ¿ ¿ = 18,05 mm
29,91

Jadi,

−3 kg
18,045 x 10 m x 432,042 2
m s
Re, c = ¿ ¿
−3 kg
0,637 x 10
m. s

= 12.243,40

h . de
Nu =
K

= 0,012 (Re, c0,87 – 280) Pr, t0,4

= 0,012 (12.243,400,87 – 280) 4,4730,4

Nu = 72,55
 Sehingga :

N u. k
ho =
de

W
72,55 x 0,6286
= m °C
−3
18,05 x 10 m

= 2.526,59 W/m2.oC

6. Koefisien Perpindahan Kalor Menyeluruh Bersih (Uc)

Uc =
1
+ln
( )
ro
ri
+
1
hi 2 πLk h o

=
1
+ln
(
9,525
8,282 ) +
1
360,40 2 x 3,14 x 4,877 x 16,2 2526,59

= 289,72 W/m2 . oC

7. Faktor Pengotoran (Rf)

U c −U d
Rf =
Uc. Ud

W W
293,872
−207,76 2
m °C m °C
=
W W
293,87 2 x 207,76 2
m °C m °C

= 0,00141 0C m2/W

Penurunan Tekanan (∆ P )

- Sisi Tube :
 2
f .G t . L. n
∆ Pt =
2. g . d i ,t . ρ . ∅

2 2
0,021 x (72,2 kg/m s) x 4,877 m x 1
= 2 −3 3
2 x 9 .81m / s x 16,56 .10 m x 0,5859 kg /m x 1

= 2.804,55 kg/m2 = 27,46 kPa

- Sisi Shell :

2
f . Gs . d i , s .(N b+ 1)
∆ Pt =
2 . g . ρ . de . ∅s

2 2 −3
0,2 8 x ( 432,08 kg/m s) x ( 22+1 ) x 438,15 x 10
= kg
2 x 9.81 m/ s2 x 992,67 kg/m3 x 0,5859 3 x 1 8 , 05 .10−3 +1
m

= 1.497,94 kg/m2

= 14,71 kPa

8. Laju Kapasitas Kalor (C)

Fluida dingin di shell :

Cc = mc . Cp, c

= 10,37 kg/s . 4178,7 J/kg 0C

= 43.328,94 W / 0C

Fluida panas di sisi tube

Ch = mh . Cp, h

= 3,61 kg/s . 2228,3 J/kg 0C

= 8.046,61 W / 0C

Dari laju kapasitas kalor yag didapat, Cc > Ch maka Cmaks = Cc dan Cmin = Ch
9. Laju Perpindahan Kalor Maksimum (qmaks)

Qmaks = Cmin ( Th,I – Tc,I )

= 8.046,61 W / 0C ( 120 – 32 ) 0C

= ( 8.046,61 x 88 ) Watt

= 708.101,68 Watt

10. Efektifitas Alat Penukar Kalor ( Ɛ )

Qaktual
Ɛ= x 100 %
Qmaks

563.260 W
= x 100 %
708.101, 68 W

= 0.79 x 100 %

= 79 %

11. Number of Transfer Unit ( NTU )

UA
NTU =
Cmin

W 2
205,71 2
° C x 68,56 m
m
=
W
8.046,61
°C

= 1,75