The Origins of TPR
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James J. Asher, a professor of psychology at San José State University. Asher introduced
TPR in the 1960s, based on his research into the connection between language and
physical movement. He believed that language learning is most effective when it engages
the learner's physical actions and senses, mimicking the natural language acquisition
process of children.
related to how children learn their first language through interaction with their environment
critical components of language learning, rather than rote memorization and verbal
repetition.
Advantages
o By associating physical actions with words and phrases, learners are more
o TPR mimics the natural way children learn their first language, which can
attention, which is particularly beneficial for young learners and those who
• Reduces Anxiety:
rather than speaking, TPR can help reduce the anxiety and pressure
• Immediate Feedback:
Disadvantages
• Limited Scope:
o TPR is highly effective for teaching vocabulary and simple commands but
abstract concepts.
• Over-reliance on Teacher:
o The method requires the teacher to be very active and dynamic, which can
required.
TPR has experienced various degrees of popularity since its inception in the
1960s. It saw significant use in the 1970s and 1980s, particularly in elementary education
and special education settings, where its benefits for young learners and those with
learning disabilities were most apparent. TPR's application has also been prominent in
language learning for refugees and immigrants, providing a non-threatening way to start
Over the decades, TPR has been integrated into a variety of language teaching
curricula and has influenced other teaching methods that emphasize interactive and
communicative approaches. Its principles are still employed in modern language teaching,
experience.
In recent years, TPR has been adapted to include digital tools and technology,
making it more accessible in online and hybrid learning environments. This evolution has
allowed TPR to remain relevant and effective in the 21st-century educational landscape.
