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    Tutorial 9 MEMO 2024

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    Tutorial 9 MEMO 2024

    Uploaded by

    u22641107
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    4 views2 pages

    Tutorial 9 MEMO 2024

    Uploaded by

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology

    TUTORIAL 9
    Unit 10: Cellular respiration

    Questions

    1. Answer the following questions by writing down the letter that corresponds to the correct
    answer

    1.1 A

    1.2 D

    1.3 A

    2. To regenerate NAD+ required for continuation of glycolysis.

    3. In SLP: Pi is transferred from a donor molecule directly to ADP


    In OxP: Chemiosmotic proton-motive force powers ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP.

    4. NADH & FADH2 produced by the cycle are directly oxidized in the ETC with O2 as the
    final electron acceptor.

    5.1 Succinyl-CoA synthase

    5.2 Accumulation of succinyl CoA inhibits the citric acid cycle (feedback inhibition)

    6. (i) The rest of the electron chain will back up and come to a stop.

    (ii) The proton gradient will decrease and eventually disappear.

    7. If you take into account the amount of ATP generated by ATP synthase per molecule of
    NADH and FADH2 produced in aerobic respiration, the net number of ATP molecules
    produced by substrate-level phosphorylation, and the fact that NADH molecules produced
    in the cytoplasm have to be transported into the mitochondria, what is the predicted
    energy yield of (i) glycolysis and (ii) Krebs cycle, per molecule of glucose in eukaryotic
    cells?
    Consider 1 NADH = 2.5 ATP & 1 FADH2 = 1.5 ATP

    i. Glycolysis: 7 ATP molecules


    ii. Krebs cycle: 20 ATP molecules

    1
    8. Compare photosynthesis and respiration by completing the following table.

    Photosynthesis Cellular respiration


    Overall word equation Carbon dioxide and water -> Oxygen and sugar (glucose)
    sugar (glucose) and oxygen -> water and carbon dioxide
    Overall chemical 6CO2 + 6H2O + light --> 6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6CO2 +
    equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O + energy (ATP)
    Reactants CO2 and H2O and light C6H12O6 and O2
    energy
    Products C6H12O6 (or G3P) and O2 CO2 and H2O and energy
    and ATP (ATP)
    Occurs in which Occurs in plants, protista Occurs in all living
    organisms? (algae), and some bacteria. organisms (plants and
    animals).
    Occurs in which Chloroplast Mitochondria (Glycolysis
    organelle? occurs in cytoplasm)
    Inner membrane of Thylakoid membrane Cristae
    organelle:
    Main function? Capture of energy into a Breakdown of energy
    organic molecule for storage nutrients to release energy
    and later use for cellular work
    Production of ATP? Yes; goes into Calvin cycle Yes; theoretical yield is 32
    to fuel production of G3P. ATP molecules per glucose
    but actual yield is only about
    30-32.
    [when 1 NADH = 2.5 ATP, &
    1 FADH2 = 1.5 ATP]
    What powers ATP H+ gradient across thylakoid H+ gradient across the inner
    synthase? membrane into stroma. High mitochondria membrane into
    +
    [H ] in the thylakoid lumen. matrix. High [H+]in the
    intermembrane space
    Electron source: Oxidation H2O at PSII Glucose, NADH, FADH2

    Final electron acceptor in NADP+ (forms NADPH) O2 (gets reduced to H20)


    ETC:

    ---------------------------------------------------

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