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‘ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS’

ISOMETRIC DRAWING TYPICAL CONDITION.

It is a type of pictorial projection IN THIS 3-D DRAWING, AN OBJECT IS SO PLACED THAT, ITS
in which all three dimensions of an object are THREE MUTUALLY PERPENDICULAR EDGES ARE EQUALLY
shown in one view and INCLINED WITH THE PLANE OF PROJECTION. SO ALL THREE
If required, their actual sizes can be DIMENSIONAL AXES APPEAR AT EQUAL INCLINATIONS
measured directly from it. WITH EACH OTHER (1200)

Now observe below given drawings.

3-D DRAWINGS CAN BE DRAWN
One can note specific inclination
IN NUMEROUS WAYS AS SHOWN BELOW.
among H, L & D axes.
ALL THESE DRAWINGS MAY BE CALLED
3-DIMENSIONAL DRAWINGS, ‘Iso’ means ‘same’, ‘similar’ or ‘equal’.
OR PHOTOGRAPHIC
OR PICTORIAL DRAWINGS. Here one can find equal inclination among H, L & D axes.
HERE NO SPECIFIC RELATION Each is 1200 inclined with other two.
AMONG H, L & D AXES IS MENTAINED. Hence it is called isometric drawing

H
H H
PURPOSE OF ISOMETRIC DRAWING IS TO UNDERSTAND
OVERALL SHAPE, SIZE & APPEARANCE OF AN OBJECT PRIOR TO IT’S PRODUCTION.

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SOME IMPORTANT TERMS:

ISOMETRIC AXES, LINES AND PLANES:

The three lines AL, AD and AH, meeting at point A and making
1200 angles with each other are termed Isometric Axes.
A
The lines parallel to these axes are called Isometric Lines.

The planes representing the faces of of the cube as well as

other planes parallel to these planes are called Isometric Planes. H
ISOMETRIC SCALE:
 When one holds the object in such a way that all three dimensions are visible
then in the process all dimensions become proportionally inclined to observer’s eye sight
and hence appear apparent in lengths.

 This reduction is 0.815 or 9 / 11 ( approx.)

 It forms a reducing scale, which is used to draw isometric drawings and is called Isometric scale.

 In practice, while drawing isometric projection, it is necessary to convert

true lengths into isometric lengths for measuring and marking the sizes.

 This is conveniently done by constructing an isometric scale as described on next page.

2 TYPES OF ‘ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS’

ISOMETRIC ‘VIEW’ ISOMETRIC ‘PROJECTION’

Drawn by using True scale Drawn by using Isometric scale
( True dimensions ) ( Reduced dimensions )

H
H

‘Isometric PROJECTION’ is made using

‘Isometric VIEW ’ of the object is made ‘Isometric Lengths’
using its True Lengths . (i.e., Reduced lengths)
(measured from ‘ISOMETRIC SCALE’).

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To draw ISOMETRIC ‘PROJECTION’ of an object, D

4
an ‘ISOMETRIC SCALE’ is required to be drawn first.

3
What is ‘ISOMETRIC SCALE’ ?
It converts ‘true lengths’ of an object to
2 C
‘Isometric Lengths’ (reduced lengths). 4

1 3
How to construct ‘ISOMETRIC SCALE’ :
2

0
 Draw a line AB. 1
450
0 300
 Draw a line AD at 45° to line AB. A
B
(The length of AD is taken as maximum of the
true lengths of the object given). ‘ISOMETRIC SCALE’
required for drawing
 Draw a line AC at 30° to line AB. ‘Isometric PROJECTION’.
 Mark the required divisions of true length
on line AD and from each division-point draw
vertical lines upto line AC.
 The divisions thus obtained on line AC
give lengths on ‘Isometric scale’.

ISOMETRIC
Isometric view, if the SHAPE is
SHAPE
OF DIFFERENT (a) F.V. (b) T.V.
PLANE FIGURES D
H
RECTANGLE D
AS THESE ALL ARE A D A
2-D FIGURES C C
WE REQUIRE ONLY TWO
A
ISOMETRIC AXES. 30° 30° 30°
B C B B
IF THE FIGURE IS B
FRONT VIEW, H & L H
AXES ARE REQUIRED. TRIANGLE 3 B
1 B 1 3
IF THE FIGURE IS A
TOP VIEW, D & L AXES 3
A
ARE REQUIRED. 1
2 A 2 2
Shapes containing 4
H
Inclined lines should PENTAGON
E
E

be enclosed in a 1 4 1 D 4
rectangle as shown. E
D

Then first draw A D A

isometric of that 1 3
3
rectangle and then C
A C

inscribe that shape as 2

B C 3 B B
2 2
it is.

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Isometric view, if the SHAPE is

ISOMETRIC SHAPE
SHAPE IF F.V. IF T.V.
OF (a) F.V. (b) T.V.
PLANE FIGURES HEXAGON

AS THESE ALL ARE

2-D FIGURES
WE REQUIRE ONLY
TWO ISOMETRIC
AXES. CIRCLE

IF THE FIGURE IS
FRONT VIEW, H & L
AXES ARE REQUIRED.

IF THE FIGURE IS
TOP VIEW, D & L For Isometric of Circle/Semicircle use Rhombus method.
AXES ARE REQUIRED. Construct Rhombus of sides equal to Diameter of circle always
SEMI CIRCLE
For Isometric of
Circle/Semicircle
use Rhombus method.
Construct it of sides equal
to diameter of circle always.

Problem: A triangle, sides 60 mm, 50 mm and 35 mm, is placed with its plane
horizontal, with the longest side parallel to VP.
Draw the isometric projection of this triangle.

30° 30°

Isometric Projection

Steps:
 After drawing FV & TV of this triangle, inscribe the triangle in a Rectangle (ab21).
 Taking the Isometric dimensions of ab and a1,
the isometric projection of the rectangle (i.e., a ROMBOUS) is constructed (i.e., AB12).
 Now, point C is marked on line 12 taking the isometric distance of 1c.
 Joining A and B with C, and finishing ABC, the isometric projection of the triangle is
completed.

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Problem: DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF THE

FIGURE SHOWN, CONSIDERING IT AS 25 R

(a) F.V.
(b) T.V.
50 MM

100 MM

30°
30° 30°

(a) (b)

Rhombus Method
(Or)

‘Four centre method’

to draw Isometric of
a Circle or Semi-Circle

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Problem: DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF A CIRCLE,

IF IT IS
(a) FV
(b) TV
Steps : Draw the Circle. ENCLOSE IT IN A SQUARE.
IT’S ISOMETRIC IS A RHOMBUS WITH H & L AXES For FRONT VIEW (a)
and D & L AXES FOR TOP VIEW (b).
FOR CONSTRUCTION USE RHOMBUS METHOD.

A B

3 4

D C

30° 30°
30°
1
(a) (b)

Similarly, problems can be …..

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ISOMETRIC VIEW OF
PENTAGONAL PYRAMID
standing on H.P.
(Height is added from center of pentagon)

ISOMETRIC VIEW OF
BASE OF PENTAGONAL PYRAMID
laying on H.P.

4
D 4
E

D
1 3 E
A C

B
2 1 3
A C

B
2

ISOMETRIC VIEW OF
ISOMETRIC VIEW OF
HEXAGONAL PRISM
PENTAGONALL PRISM
standing on H.P.
laying on H.P.

4
H E
1 D

3
C
B
2

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CYLINDER STANDING ON H.P.

CYLINDER LYING ON H.P.

HALF CYLINDER HALF CYLINDER

LYING ON H.P. STANDING ON H.P.
( with flat face Parallel to H.P.) ( ON IT’S SEMICIRCULAR BASE)

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PROBLEM: PROJECTIONS OF FRUSTOM OF PENTAGONAL PYRAMID ARE GIVEN.

DRAW IT’S ISOMETRIC VIEW.

60
FV

x y
E
1 4
A
SOLUTION STEPS:

TV 40 20 D FIRST DRAW ISOMETRIC

OF IT’S BASE.

B THEN DRAW SAME SHAPE

2 AS TOP, 60 MM ABOVE THE BASE
3 PENTAGON CENTER.
C

THEN REDUCE THE TOP TO 20 ISOMETRIC VIEW

MM SIDES AND JOIN WITH THE OF
PROPER BASE CORNERS.
FRUSTOM OF PENTAGONAL PYRAMID

PROBLEM: DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF

A FRUSTOM OF SQUARE PYRAMID
STANDING ON H.P. ON IT’S LARGER BASE.

60
FV

X Y

40 20

TV

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ISOMETRIC VIEW OF A FRUSTOM OF CONE STANDING ON

H.P. ON IT’S LARGER BASE.

60
FV

X Y

40 20

TV

A SQUARE PYRAMID OF 40 MM BASE SIDES AND 60 MM AXIS

IS CUT BY AN INCLINED SECTION PLANE THROUGH THE MID POINT
OF AXIS AS SHOWN.DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF SECTION OF PYRAMID.

3’ 4’ 4

1’2’

1
X Y
a d
1
4 2

3
b 2 c

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Problem: F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view.

50

O
X Y

20

25

O
25 20

Problem: F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view.

35
FV

35

10
x y
O

10 20 30

40

70

TV
O

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Problem: F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view.

FV

30 10 30 SV

30

10

30
x y

ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL

TV

Problem: F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view.

ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL

FV SV

x y

10
40 60

40
TV
60

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F.V. & T.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view.

ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL

FV SV

x y
10

40 60

40 TV

60

Problem: F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW

20

20

20
x y
O 50

20

O
30

20 20 20

TOP VIEW

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F.V. and S.V.of an object are given. 27

Draw it’s isometric view.

30 SQUARE
40 20

50

20
10

O 30
60
F.V.
S.V.
O

Problem: F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view.

FV
40

10
O
30 D 45

10
50

80

TV

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Problem: F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view.

FV 40

X O 10 Y
100
10
25
TV
10 30 10
25
30 R O
20 D

Problem: F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view.

30

FV
RECT.
SLOT

10 50
35

10
X Y
O
20 D

TV

O
60 D
30 D

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F.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view.

10

25 15

25
40 10

25

25

O
80 25

F.V. S.V.
O

Problem: F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view.

450

30
FV

40

X Y
O
30 D

40 TV

15
O 40

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F.V. and S.V.of an object are given.

Draw it’s isometric view.

HEX PART
30
20
20
40
20

O 50
20
15

O 30
100 60

Problem: F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view.
20 40

F.V.
30

10
X Y
O

10

30

10

30
O 80

T.V.

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F.V. and S.V.of an object are given.

Draw it’s isometric view.

10 10 15

25

25
X Y
O 50 10
FV LSV

36
NOTE THE SMALL CHZNGE IN 2ND FV & SV.
DRAW ISOMETRIC ACCORDINGLY.

10

X Y
O FV LSV

F.V. and S.V.of an object are given.

Draw it’s isometric view.

30 20 10 20

10
15 O

15

15
30

15
X O Y
50
F.V. LEFT S.V.

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F.V. and S.V.of an object are given.

Draw it’s isometric view.

30 10

60

30
O

O 40 40
F.V. S.V.

PROBLEM: A SQUARE PYRAMID OF 30 MM BASE SIDES AND 50 MM LONG AXIS, IS CENTRALLY

PLACED ON THE TOP OF A CUBE OF 50 MM LONG EDGES.

DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF THE PAIR.

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PROBLEM: A TRIANGULAR PYRAMID

OF 30 MM BASE SIDES AND 50 MM
LONG AXIS, IS CENTRALLY PLACED
ON THE TOP OF A CUBE OF 50 MM
LONG EDGES.
DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF THE PAIR.

c
a
o
p a
b
o c
p

SOLUTION HINTS.
TO DRAW ISOMETRIC OF A CUBE IS SIMPLE. DRAW IT AS USUAL.

BUT FOR PYRAMID AS IT’S BASE IS AN EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE,

IT CAN NOT BE DRAWN DIRECTLY.SUPPORT OF IT’S TV IS REQUIRED.

SO DRAW TRIANGLE AS A TV, SEPARATELY AND NAME VARIOUS POINTS AS SHOWN.

AFTER THIS PLACE IT ON THE TOP OF CUBE AS SHOWN.
THEN ADD HEIGHT FROM IT’S CENTER AND COMPLETE IT’S ISOMETRIC AS SHOWN.

PROBLEM:
A SQUARE PLATE IS PIERCED THROUGH CENTRALLY
BY A CYLINDER WHICH COMES OUT EQUALLY FROM BOTH FACES
OF PLATE. IT’S FV & TV ARE SHOWN. DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW.

FV 30

10

30

30 D

50 +

50

TV

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PROBLEM:
A CIRCULAR PLATE IS PIERCED THROUGH CENTRALLY
BY A SQUARE PYRAMID WHICH COMES OUT EQUALLY FROM BOTH FACES
OF PLATE. IT’S FV & TV ARE SHOWN. DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW.

FV 30

10

30

40 SQUARE

60 D
TV

F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view.

10

20
40

FV

40

X Y

TV

50 D 30 D

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ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS OF SPHERE & HEMISPHERE

450 r

300 R r
r
Isom. Scale
P

C
r r
R C
R TO DRAW ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
R OF A HEMISPHERE
P r
P Adopt same procedure.
C = Center of Sphere. Draw lower semicircle only.
Then around ‘C’ construct
P = Point of contact Rhombus of Sides equal to
R = True Radius of Sphere Isometric Diameter.
r = Isometric Radius. For this use iso-scale.
Then construct ellipse in
TO DRAW ISOMETRIC PROJECTION OF A SPHERE this Rhombus as usual
1. FIRST DRAW ISOMETRIC OF SQUARE PLATE. And Complete
2. LOCATE IT’S CENTER. NAME IT P. Isometric-Projection
3. FROM PDRAW VERTICAL LINE UPWARD, LENGTH ‘ r mm’ of Hemi-sphere.
AND LOCATE CENTER OF SPHERE “C”
4. ‘C’ AS CENTER, WITH RADIUS ‘R’ DRAW CIRCLE.
THIS IS ISOMETRIC PROJECTION OF A SPHERE.

PROBLEM:
A HEMI-SPHERE IS CENTRALLY PLACED
ON THE TOP OF A FRUSTOM OF CONE.
DRAW ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS OF THE ASSEMBLY.

r
50 D
R r
30 D
r
50
P

50 D

FIRST CONSTRUCT ISOMETRIC SCALE.

USE THIS SCALE FOR ALL DIMENSIONS
IN THIS PROBLEM.

450

300

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