10th Condensed 1

English
Pedagogical Modules
Curricular threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts
10th EGB
1
English What do you like to do?
Pedagogical Module 1
Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Tenth Grade EGB
History of sports/
5 amusement parks
Phrasal verbs 4
Hi
st
or
y
6
So
Sports and culture
Question forms 3
ci
alS
tu
die
ish
s
Past tense-regular
2
gl
Hobbies
La
and irregular
En
ng
Writing a
and 7
ua
description
ge
Entertainment
an
1
d
Prepositions: in
Li
te
ra
t
ur
e
Values
9 Interculturality 8 Ethics
According to the European Union

Sport is something found in all cultures. Statistics
indicate that more than 60% of young people in the
EU between 15- and 24-years old practice some sport
at least once a week. In addition, sports offer the
possibility of interacting with other people. As a result,
young people acquire knowledge, attitudes, and skills
necessary to develop in civil society.
Freepik
Retrieved from: https://www.coe.int/en/web/compass/culture-and-sport
Are you surprised with the European Union’s statistics? Why?

Non-Commercial Licence
What percentage of young people practice sports in your city?
1
Lesson A
Communication and Cultural Awareness

History
Does Ecuador have any Olympic champions? In what events?
History of the Olympics
The Olympic Games were started in ancient Greece 3,000 years

ago and they were brought back to life in the 19th century. At the beginning,
the Olympic Games were a celebration. People participated to honor the
god Zeus, every four years from the 8th century B.C. to the 4th century A.D.
The first modern Olympic Games took place in Athens, in 1896 with only
280 athletes from 13 nations. The participants competed in 43 competitions
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In 1994, the Summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games
were split. Today, the Olympics are the most important sports competition
in the world with more than 300 events. In 1896, track and field, gymnastics,
swimming, shooting, fencing, cycling, tennis, weightlifting, and others like
figure skating and ice hockey were added.
Retrieved from: https://www.penn.museum/sites/olympics/olympicorigins.shtml and
https://www.history.com/topics/sports/olympic-games
1. What other sports championship or tournament can you name?
2. What is your favorite sport? Why do you like it?
3. Are there any sports you dislike? Explain.
4. Which sport is the easiest to practice in your city?
5. Write the name of each sport under the picture it corresponds to.
Vocabulary Archery - Fencing - Badminton - Voleyball - Lacrosse -

Weightlifting - Synchronized Swimming - Gymnastics - Basketball
B.C. abbreviation for Before - Taekwondo - Speed skating - Rugby
Christ: used in the Christian
calendar when referring
to a year before Jesus Christ
was born
A.D. abbreviation for

Anno Domini: a Latin phrase
meaning “in the year of the
Lord”, which is used when
referring to a year after

Jesus Christ was born
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split. divided into two or more

parts
2
Oral Communication
What are some of the differences between American football and rugby?
American Football and Rugby

1. Listen to two sport experts talking about football and rugby. Take notes
on what they say about the characteristics of each sport. Write down Audio
the important points that you hear. Listen two or three times. Listen to the dialogue.
Football
Rugby
Pixabay / Vectorpocket
Tip
Venn diagrams are a good way

to organize information visually.
It allows us to see the relationship
Pixabay / Wikilmages
Pixabay / David Mark
between items and their elements

or characteristics. Venn diagrams
are very useful to show the
similarities and differences and
to compare and contrast items.
2. Now listen again and organize your notes in the Venn Diagram below
Write the things that the two sports have in common in the middle.
American Rugby
Football
Both
football
and rugby
Vocabulary
pads. pieces of foam and

plastic in the uniforms
to protect the players;
shoulder pads, knee pads, etc
where the games are played.
helmet. a strong, hard hat that

covers and protects the head

Pair work. Ask a partner. Do you know anything about rugby and
American football? Have you seen a game of any of these sports? mouth guard. a device that
Based on the description of these sports, which one do you like the protects the teeth from
most? Why? getting damaged
3
Reading
What is important when you play on a team? Do you think that uniforms are important? Why?
The History of Soccer Uniforms

Now, draw your own uniform
and describe it. Be prepared Pay attention to how uniforms have changed over time. How have uniforms
to share it with your class. changed and improved?
The uniforms that soccer players wear are not just jerseys. Soccer
uniforms did not always look like they do now. Over time, the rules for
uniforms changed. The players could wear whatever clothes they wanted.
They usually used white shirts, long pants, and colorful hats or scarves
to distinguish themselves from the opponents.
Around 1870, the public asked for uniforms for the players. Since
then, soccer players have worn uniforms with the colors that represent
the team. Samuel Widdowson invented shin guards in 1874. His idea
was not accepted at first, but then other players used them too.
Since the 1990s, soccer shirts have been
designed with light synthetic fabric for athletic
activity.
By the 1960s, the soccer uniforms started
resembling the athletic apparel we see today.
Soccer uniforms are basic. They include
a short-sleeved top, shorts, high socks over
shin guards, and soccer cleats.
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Retrieved from: http://theathleticshop.com/evolution-soccer-uniform/
After Reading
1. How have soccer uniforms changed throughout history?
2. Do you think that soccer uniforms can be still improved? Why? Would
you change anything?
Vocabulary
shin guards. a piece of rubber

or plastic material worn inside
a sock to protect the lower
part of your leg 3. Compare and contrast the uniforms of 2 teams. Is one better than the
other? Why?
jersey. a colorful shirt worn
by players on a team
scarf. a strip, square, or triangle

of cloth, worn around the neck
cleats. a special type of shoe

used to play soccer
4
Language Through the Arts
What does synchronized swimming look like? Do you think it is an easy sport?
Synchronized Swimming
There are many beautiful sports. One of them is synchronized

swimming. Here are some interesting facts about this sport:
Did you know that synchronized swimmers don’t touch the
bottom of the pool during a presentation? They compete and
train in pools almost 3 meters deep. They wear nose clips
or plugs to avoid water getting into their nose when they
are underwater. Did you ever ask yourself how they are so
synchronized with the music even when they are underwater?
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Well, that’s because they have a portable underwater speaker.

These athletes swim and dance through the water
so smoothly. Synchronized swimming demands a lot of
physical strength and muscle control. So next time you watch
a performance, you will be even more impressed knowing how
hard it is making each move!
Retrieved from: http://laaquanymphs.org/what-is-synchronized-swimming/interesting-facts/
Answer these questions based on what you read.
1. Describe synchronized swimming in your own words.
2. Have you ever seen a synchronized swimming performance? Did you like
it? Why or why not?
3. Do you think that it should be considered a sport? Explain
Vocabulary
synchronized. many people 4. What other sports look like an artistic performance? Which one(s)?
moving in the same way.
For example, a group
of dancers
train. to prepare and practice

5. How can sports be considered a form of art?
for competitions
plug. a small piece of rubber,
a hole in order to close it
6
Lesson B
Do you think that all the words of a language can be translated literally to another language?
Phrasal Verbs
World Fact
A phrasal verb is a phrase that results from the combination of a verb
and a preposition, an adverb, or both. The function of a phrasal verb
Not all languages have phrasal
is to convey a meaning different from the literal meaning of the individual
verbs. English does, but words that form it.
Spanish does not. Phrasal
verbs are two or three words 1. Below are some phrasal verbs related to sports. Try to guess what they
that always go together, mean using the context.
usually not able to be literally
• I enjoy working out at the gym every night after work.
translated word-for-word
from one language to another. • Oh no! I ate too much pizza. I must work off every slice of it if I want
to wear that dress!
• Don’t start yet! You need to warm up sprain.
• Michael loves baseball and he is good at it. He should try out for
the team.
• Near the end of a triathlon, many athletes pass out due to exhaustion
and dehydration.
• knocked out
his opponent?
• Daniel Cormier never gives up

heavyweight champion.
2.
to become unconscious.
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1 Try out for to exercise in order to improve

the strength or appearance of
your body.
2 Work out
to prepare yourself for a

3 Knock out physical activity.
to exercise in order to lose the

Pair work. With a partner Warm up
practice saying sentences
4 weight or be in good physical
condition.
that include phrasal verbs.
5 Work off
to demonstrate your abilities
so a coach can decide if you
Give up should be on the team.
6
Vocabulary to stop doing something,
7 Pass out to quit.
phrase. a group of words

commonly used together to hit somebody and make
sprain. an injury to a joint them unconscious.
or muscle
8
What is in an amusement park? What kinds of things can you do in an amusement park?
Amusement Parks Around the World
There are many places where you can have fun, but nothing is like
amusement parks. Here is a list of the most amazing places to visit if you
are a fan of roller coasters.
Denmark’s Tivoli Gardens is full of flowers. It was an inspiration
for Walt Disney. It has existed since 1843. It is full of different games like
bumper cars and roller coasters.
Disney World’s Magic Kingdom is in Orlando, Florida. It is the biggest
park in the world, with more than 20 million visitors yearly. There are
castles, mountains, and many new things every time you visit.
Efteling Park in the Netherlands is an amusement park with inspiration
Pixabay / Sascha Zehner
in ancient legends. There is a magic tree called Marerijk and a scary roller
coaster called Baron 1898. This roller coaster falls very quickly before
circling the park.
These are just some of the amazing amusement parks in the world.
There are also other beautiful places like Beto Carrero World in Brazil
with big roller coasters or like Epcot in Germany’s Europa Park with
indoor and outdoor roller coasters.
Retrieved from: https://www.insider.com/amusement-parks-around-world-2018-10#europa-park-has-13-
roller-coasters-and-globally-themed-park-districts-6
1. Which of the parks written about would you like to visit?

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2. Is there any big amusement park in your country? What is it called?

What can you do there?
Vocabulary
3. What would you add to the amusement parks in your country?
bumper cars. cars that
are driven for fun at an
amusement park
roller coasters. a ride at

an amusement park that take
you up, down, and in circles
very fast
10
Oral Communication
Give examples of extreme sports. Which extreme sports can you do in your country?
9
Extreme Sports
Listen to the following recording about places to travel to practice extreme
Audio
information you hear. Then, the second time, check if the sport is interesting Listen to the dialogue.
or boring to you.
Dimensions/
Place Sport Interesting Boring
Height/Depth
Pixabay / skeeze
Vocabulary
BASE jump. parachuting

BASE jumping
a cliff or tall structure
Vocabulary
coral reef. an area of colored
rock-like animals in the ocean height. the distance
from the top to the bottom
Oral Communication peak. The top of a mountain of something
How many different roller coasters have you ridden? Where are the roller coasters near where you live?
Roller Coasters 11
Listen to the following audio about roller coasters around the world.
Complete the chart with the information you hear. Audio
Listen to the dialogue.
Position on Name of the roller

the list coaster Location Height
5
Pixabay / Jakob Strauß
6
Reading
History
What amusement parks have you visited?
The History of Bakken Amusement Park
When we think of amusement parks, usually very modern places

with new technology come to mind. We think of countries like the
United States or Japan, that have many modern attractions. However,
in the northern part of the city of Copenhagen, Denmark, there is
the oldest amusement park in the world, Bakken. This park opened
in 1583 and still operates today. There are 150 games in its facilities,
some that are very interesting like the wooden roller coaster built
Pixabay / Paul Brennan
in 1932. This park is the second most important tourist attraction

in Denmark. Originally, this park offered fireworks, amusement
rides and dancing games. But throughout history, most parks have
closed and new ones have appeared. Bakken, unlike many others,
has survived, and is still operating today.
Retrieved from: https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/
oldest-amusement-park-in-operation
After Reading
1. What other type of attractions do you think Bakken has? Why do you
think that it has survived for so many years?
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2. Do you know of other amusement parks with an interesting history?
3. What do you think are some of the most important tourist attractions
in your country?
Vocabulary
wooden. made of wood
12
Lesson C

Social Studies
What are some of the differences between football, soccer, and rugby?
Soccer
Also known as football in Europe, soccer is a sport played with

two teams of 11 players each. It has become the most popular sport
in the world. It is a sport that only needs a ball and is played on
a rectangular grass field, sand, or artificial turf that has a goal at each
end. The opposing goal using their feet only. Each person on the team
has a role. There are the defenders, the attackers, the midfielders,
the forwards and the goalkeeper. The goalkeeper is the only player
who can use their hands or arms to throw the ball. The team with
the highest number of goals by the end of the game wins. If the score is
tied at the end of the game, the referee declares a tie or the game goes
on for 30 more minutes. If the game is still tied, penalty kicks decide the
winner.
Freepik
Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/football_(soccer).htm
World Fact
American football, rugby, Goalkeeper

and soccer are all football.
The word football comes from Defenders
a family of sports. Rugby
Football and Association
Football were invented in Forwards
England. Rugby football is
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known as rugby. The word

“association” became “assoc”.
and this then became “soccer.”
In the US people use soccer Answer each of the questions after the reading.
to differentiate the sport from 1. What are the important rules of soccer?
American football. So, soccer
is not an American invention,
it was first played in England.
2. What are the responsibilities of the different soccer players during

a game? (Explain)
Vocabulary
score. the number of points,

goals, etc. achieved by each
3. When the score is tied at the end of a game, how is a winner decided?
team in a game or competition
tied. to end a game with

both teams having the same
number of points
18
Oral Communication
Where and when was soccer invented? Why do you think it is so popular?
History of soccer
Listen to the following audio about the history of soccer. Write if the
statements are True(T) or False(F). Audio
1. Soccer was played by Romans and Greeks in the 2nd and
3rd century.
2. Biting was one of the practices allowed in soccer during

medieval times.
3. The goal of the sport was to move the ball to the target.
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4. King Edward III didn’t permit people to play soccer.
5. Soccer was prohibited due to violence.
6. People have played soccer for around three thousand years.
• Pair work. Ask and answer these questions with your classmates.
• Do you like to play soccer? What position do you like to play? Why?
Tip
• Are you a soccer fan? Do you support a team? Which team do you
support and why? Remember that you use ordinal
numbers to say the centuries.
• Why do you think that soccer and other sports were played by
For example you say:
various civilizations throughout history? Explain.
• When do you think it is a good idea to prohibit people from playing fourteenth centure, not simply
a sport? 21 or 14.
Vocabulary
Wikipedia Commons / H.Pot
biting. closing something

between your teeth
punching. hitting something
19
Reading
How important are sports in your country? In what sports are Ecuadorians successful?
Richard Carapaz
Before Reading
While you read, pay attention to any words
you don’t know and underline them.
• Do you know who Richard
Carapaz is?
• Do you know any sport
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in which an Ecuadorian
has been very successful?
Ecuador doesn’t have a great cycling culture, but a look at the front
page of many newspapers left no doubt that Richard Carapaz, the
“Locomotive of Carchi”, became an Ecuadorian legend. The athlete
from Carchi achieved great status when he won the 2019 Giro d’Italia,
a tremendous accomplishment achieved through hard work and
dedication. He gave the Ecuadorian people goosebumps and made his
nation proud.
The Ecuadorian government negotiated with ESPN and agreed to
broadcast the final race live on television. Parks and squares were full by
6 a.m., principally in Carchi, Carapaz’s home province. In Quito, around
Flickr / Agencia ANDES
5,000 fans got together to cheer on Carapaz. His accomplishments clearly

caught the attention of the entire nation, where cycling had never been
in the spotlight.
Retrieved from: http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/
giro-ditalia-victory-gives-carapaz-sporting-immortality-in-ecuador/
After Reading
1. What is Carapaz’s nickname? What do you think it means?
Vocabulary
accomplishment. something 2. How did Ecuadorians feel when Carapaz won the race?
done through hard work
and effort
achieve. to succeed
3. In the past, was cycling popular in Ecuador? Explain.
or reaching a goal, especially
after a lot of work or effort
goosebumps. a temporary
condition in which small
bumps appear on the skin 4. How has Carapaz’s victory changed the way Ecuadorians see cycling?
because of cold, fear,

or excitement
spotlight. the focus or center

of attention
20
How many different events are there within gymnastics?
Gymnastics in the Olympics

World Fact
Changing and beautiful, Olympic gymnastics is a breathtaking show.
Greeks believed that a balance
between the mind and body Gymnastics was one of the original sports in the Olympic Games.
was only possible when physical This sport demands athletes to perform on a variety of equipment trying to be
exercise went along with perfect. These are some of the women’s gymnastics events:
mental activity. Philosophers
like Aristotle, Homer, and Beam
Plato recommended the In this event, gymnasts must be very precise in keeping their balance while
strengthening properties they do flips, turns, and jumps on a beam that is 1.2 meters above the ground,
of gymnastics. and measures 5 meters long, and just 10 centimeters wide.
Floor
Here, gymnasts have to perform a 90-second routine with music. The act
must involve a combination of gymnastics, dance, and interpretation.
Uneven Bars
For this, gymnasts must have a lot of upper body strength. They make
a variety of movements going from the low to the high bars. They need
to finish with their feet together to get a good score.
Springboard
Here, gymnasts run, then jump. They are judged on how they move
in the air.
Retrieved from: https://www.olympicchannel.com/en/stories/news/detail/
rhythmic-and-artistic-gymnastics-explained/
1. What are some of the events in women’s gymnastics?

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2. What skills do gymnasts need to have?
3.
Vocabulary
Arts and sports aren’t always seen as two compatible things. However,
breathtaking. dramatically
some say that these two activities go hand-in-hand. Do you think that
exciting and beautiful

sports are a form of art or not? Why? In your notebook, write a short
strength. the ability to do paragraph of 40-50 words about an artistic sport you like. Why do
things that need a lot of you like it? Why do you consider it a form of art? Is this sport practiced
physical or mental effort in Ecuador? Explain. Be prepared to share your work with the class.
22
Oral Communication
Which gymnastics event do you enjoy watching the most?
Gymnastics Events
Listen to the following conversation between an athlete and an interviewer.

Then answer the questions in the next two activities.
1. According to the dialogue, what do each of the following words mean?

Choose the best option for each one.
Performance
A A type of sport C A show
B A type of gymnastic event D A place where gymnasts

practice
Introduce
A To put something into C To start using a new

use, operation, or a place system, rule, or method
for the first time
B To tell someone another D To formally suggest a new

person’s name the first law to be discussed and
time that they meet voted on
Looking forward to
A To feel sad about C To feel scared about

something that happened something that is going to
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in the past happen
B To feel anxious about D To feel excited about

something someone else something that is going to
is doing happen
Tip
2. Now listen again and decide who would say the following things. Write
“Tim”, “Lauren”, “neither” or “both” in the space. Notice how Lauren and Tim
form questions in the past.
a. I practiced a lot for this competition. The auxiliary “do” and “does”
used in present turn into “did”
b. I was excited about the competition.
for every person and the verb
c. that follows is always in the base
form. With questions with the
d. I like the vault event the most. verb to be are in the past form:
e. The music choice was important to get a good score. was and were.
Pair work. In your notebook, create a dialogue of 50-70 words between

an interviewer and an athlete, about a sport from this unit. One student
is going to be the interviewer and the other the athlete. Remember Vocabulary
to use the auxiliary do or does to ask questions in the simple present.
take part in. to be involved
Be prepared to present your dialogue in front of the class.
in something
23
Lesson D

How are languages important for athletes? What is the relation between languages and sports?
Good reasons for athletes to learn a new language
of learning another language from an athlete’s point of view:
1. Understanding different cultures: A language tells us a lot about the way

people who speak it think. When an athlete competes against people from
different cultures, knowing their language is an important psychological
advantage.
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2. Being autonomous and resourceful: Big competitions don’t

usually happen in one’s home city. Athletes must travel, and knowing
the language may help them get around in different places.
3. Improving location intelligence and increasing receptiveness:
Value: Interculturality In sports, it is important to be able to predict and comprehend the game, the
opponent, and respond fast. When athletes learn another language, they can
Participating in the Olympics is become more aware of expressing things.
not only about the competition
and trying to win a medal. These are just some of the multiple benefits of learning a language
It’s also about sharing your own for athletes.
culture and learning about other Retrieved from: https://www.oise.com/blog/4-reasons-olympic-athletes-learn-foreign-language
cultures from around the world.
Many athletes practice speaking
words and phrases in different
languages. The athletes are
learning about other cultures,
HOlA! !‫مرحبا‬
Γεια σας! Zdravo! Halo!
and having fun at the same time.
HEllo! 你好
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World Fact
A Frenchman named Pierre 1.

de Coubertin organized the
Olympic Games of Athens
in 1896. That is why French
2.
is an official language of
language?
the International Olympic
Committee, along with
English. At official Olympic
events it is normal to do 3. How can knowing a foreign language help athletes when they are
announcements in French, competing in a different country?
English, and the language
of the host country.
4. According to the reading, what is receptiveness?
Vocabulary
resourceful. 5.
use different ways to help
achieve your goals
24
Oral Communication
How important are colors in soccer?
Colors in Soccer
1. Listen to the audio about color blindness in soccer. You will hear some
numbers. Complete the questions below with the correct information. Audio
We have 3…
8%...
1 in 200…
up to 1 in 10…
2. Listen again. Correct and rewrite the following statements about color
blindness.
a. Color blindness in soccer is not important.
b.
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c. We see color through specialized brain cells in our eyes called cones.
d. We have three types of cone cells which absorb red, blue, or yellow light.
Tip
e. People with color blindness see many shapes as the same.
Notice that when talking about
numbers and statistics,
percentages in English are
f. Color blindness is very uncommon in men because it’s carried on the expressed without the use
X-chromosome. of any article (not a(n), not the).
He won 90% of his races.
g. The main problems with color blindness in soccer are not being able
to distinguish different teammate’s colors.
Anyone taking part in a soccer event may have color blindness. Have
you ever taken a test to check if you have a visual problem? Can you see
the numbers in the colored spots below?
Vocabulary
caucasian. a white person;

a person of European origin
color blindness. a condition

of not being able to tell the
Vecteezy.com
difference between various

colors
25
Reading
Cartoons and Sports

Before Reading
Captain Tsubasa: the animated star who changed the face of Japanese
Think of a TV series or a movie soccer and inspired Messi and Iniesta
about sports or athletes. What
kinds of sport do the characters The Japanese soccer team, Samurai Blue, went from an unknown team
practice? Do you enjoy watching to regulars in the World Cup. Their revolution is due to the formation
it? Why or why not? of the country’s first professional soccer league in the 1990s, but also
to one player that inspired a generation of soccer players to take up
the now favorite sport. That player is Tsubasa Oozora, the fictional
11-year-old soccer-obsessed student.
school years. In the 1970s and 80s, sumo wrestling was the national
sport of Japan. In 1978, the World Cup in Argentina was televised live
in Japan, and it captivated Takahashi.
The more he researched soccer, the more he learned about it.
He quickly fell under its spell. It was not Japan’s favorite sport, but it was
the world’s favorite sport. Takahashi created Tsubasa, the young wannabe
soccer star, who survived a bus hitting him because of the soccer ball
he held.
Tsubasa is in more than, 6 animated series, 4 films, 14 multi-console
video games, toys, clothes, and much more. It is very popular and captured
the imagination of thousands of children, including soccer players Messi,
Fernando Torres, Alessandro Del Piero, Andrés Iniesta, Lukas Podolski,
Zidane, and many more.
Mineduc
Retrieved from: https://thesefootballtimes.co/2018/06/11/captain-tsubasa-the-anime-star-who-changed-the-

face-of-japanese-football-and-inspired-messi-iniesta-and-nakata/
After Reading
Think of another cartoon 1. In your own words, explain why Tsubasa is important in the history of soccer.
has a sport as its main topic.

What is it about? Who are
the main characters? What 2. What does “take up” mean in the phrase “one player that inspired
do they do? Does or did it a generation of soccer players to take up the now favorite sport”?
life? In your notebook, write

a paragraph of 50-60 words 3. What type of merchandise of this anime can people get?
explaining what this character
does.
4. Have you ever watched this animated series? Why or why not?
Vocabulary
spell. spoken words that

are thought to have magical 5. Is there any series, comic, or cartoon that inspires you? How?
powers
wannabe. a person who

wants to be something 6. What is the relationship between Captain Tsubasa and Messi?
or someone else
26
What are the most common sports around the world?
Common Sports Around the World

World Fact
The Olympic Games and Each country has its own preferences in everything. These are the
World Cup Soccer may most common sports in some countries.
be the most famous sports
competitions, but there are In Australia, cricket, football, and rugby are very popular. In Canada,
many other sports that have people like practicing ice hockey, but also lacrosse, Canadian football,
their own tournaments. basketball, and baseball. Chinese people enjoy various sports like martial
For example, there is the arts, basketball, football, table tennis and volleyball. In France, many
24 Hours of Le Mans, the people watch and practice sports like soccer, rugby, motorsports, and
Super Bowl, The National cycling. For Germans, watching and playing soccer is very common.
Basketball Association Finals, In India it is not difficult to find people who love cricket. In Japan,
The Masters, Polo at Palermo, people enjoy watching or practicing sumo, judo, karate, and kendo.
Wimbledon, and others. Do The Japanese are also interested in western sports such as baseball
you know which sport each of and football. Some say sports in the United States are going through
these tournaments is about? a revolution now. People believe that in this country American football,
basketball, and baseball are the only popular sports, but more and more
Americans are interested in other sports like hockey and soccer.
The truth is that it is typical for a country to generally prefer a sport
or two, but most like watching all sorts of sports.
Retrieved from: https://viva-mundo.com/en/noticia/post/what-motivates-students-study-abroad
Freepik
1. What does the article refer to with the phrase, “Each country has its own
preferences”?
2. What is common for people in all these countries?
3. What are some wrong ideas people have about sports in other countries?
4. Do you think that people in other countries are interested in the same
sports as the ones on the list? Explain your answer.
Design your own sports 5.

atlas. Make a list of 5 sports. give examples.
Print a map of the world.
those 5 sports are common in

which countries. Draw arrows
or signs to show in which
countries people like or don’t 6. What sports do people in your country enjoy playing or watching?
like each sport. Explain in
complete sentences why you
chose each sport and place.
28
Oral Communication
Give examples of entertaining plans for a weekend.
More Phrasal Verbs
Audio
1. Listen to a conversation between two friends about plans. What does Listen to the dialogue.
each of the phrasal verbs mentioned in the dialogue mean? Match
the phrasal verb and its meaning by writing the number of the phrasal
verb next to its meaning.
leave home to go to a social
1 Go back event
return to a place
2 Check in
arrive and register at a place Tip

3 Drop by
Remember that phrasal verbs
ask many people the same are verbs with a main verb
4 Ask around question and a couple of other words.
Their meaning is not obvious
from the meanings of the
5 Give out arrive without an appointment
individual words in them.
So, you can’t translate them
6 Go out
give to many people literally to your language.
(usually at no cost)
2. Choose 4 of the phrasal verbs you heard in the dialogue. Write your own
dialogue of 50-60 words where the characters use the phrasal verbs
with each other.
Vocabulary
Good ways to organize ideas. Group work. Form groups of four. Select not mind. give no importance,
one phrasal verb (each group must have a different phrasal verb). Make
not making a big deal

a mind map with the phrasal verb at the center. Write all the words
related to the phrasal verb. You can include sentences, examples, and grill.
drawings. Be prepared to show your work to the class and explain the or hot coals, usually on a
relationships among the elements in your mind map. metal frame
29
Assessment What do you like to do?
Listening Speaking
1 Listen to the following audio about the best 3 Group work. Discuss the sports we have seen in this
soccer player of all time and determine if each chapter with two classmates. What are some of the
of the following statements are True, False, or Not characteristics of each one? Which ones are most
Mentioned in the audio. interesting to you and your classmates? Are there
any that you think you could practice in your city?
a. It is easy to say who the best Take notes and be prepared to discuss your answers.
soccer player of all time is.
b. People don’t usually agree on
who the best player is. Grammar/Vocabulary
4 Think about a historic moment of a match or
c. Pelé received the Jules Rimet in competition of a sport you like. Write 5 sentences
the 1950s. using the simple past.
d. Pelé got of legal age when he Example: During Mexico’s World Cup in 1986, Maradona
played for the first time in the touched the ball with his hand and scored a goal against
World Cup. England. This goal is known as “the hand of God”.
e. Pelé scored 12,181 goals by the

end of his career.
1
2 Listen again and answer the following questions.
a. Why is it hard to determine who the best player

of all time is? 2
b. What advantages does a soccer player now have

that a player in the past didn’t?
4
c. How old was Pelé when he won the world cup? 5
I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.
Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it I do it I can I can’t do it
Topics very well somewhat well improve without help
I can narrate a historic event related to sports using sentences in the past
simple.
I can explain an entertaining plan using phrasal verbs related to entertainment.
sports.
31
English How important
Pedagogical Module 2 is law enforcement?
Tenth Grade EGB
4 Criminology
So
ci
3
a
Simple past vs Past perfect
lS
tu
die
History of criminals
s
5 and crimes
Present perfect 2
Hi
st
or
ish
Art in prison /
y
6
gl
Art to express
En
Ar
Relative clauses 1
t
Breaking
the Law 7 Police report
an
La Lite
d
ng ra
ua tur
ge e
Values
9 Human rights 8 Honesty
The Perfect Mistery

There are few prisons as emblematic as Alcatraz. On June 12th, 1962, the guards were completely
Surrounded by the icy waters of the Pacific with shocked when they did not find the brothers John and
sharks, it was known as The Rock. Alcatraz was Clarence Anglin and Frank Morris. When the guards
the maximum-security prison of the world in lifted the blanket of one bed, a ceramic head fell to the
the 1930s. The most dangerous criminals like floor and broke into pieces.
Al Capone and the Birdman of Alcatraz were locked
there. It had strong iron bars, a dozen daily checks on The FBI searched all over the island and the coast,
the inmates, and the guards were strategically located. but they could never find anything other than paddles
Escaping from Alcatraz was impossible. and handmade life vests. It is a mystery whether the
three prisoners survived and escaped from Alcatraz or
All the escape attempts were discovered. The if they died while they tried to escape.
prisoners all died while trying to escape except for
a mystery that the FBI could never solve.
• Did you know anything about Alcatraz Island and its prison?
• What do you think really happened? Do you think the three inmates could escape?
• Why doesn’t Alcatraz exist as a prison anymore?
1
Lesson A

Social Studies - History
How do you think justice was handled in different societies in the past?
Before Reading The Study of Crime
• Have you heard of Felipe Criminology is based on the ideas of some thinkers and philosophers.
Guama Poma de Ayala’s They asked how we can live in society and thought it was only possible
“ thanks to a construction we all live in called “social contract”. That is,
”? we limit some of our freedom in order to live peacefully in society.
• What type information If someone breaks the social contract, society makes them pay through
do you think it has? punishments or limitations. There are many types of criminals like
burglars, robbers, identity thieves, bank robbers, shoplifters, pickpockets,
kidnappers and society has made laws to punish all these people. Nowadays
pik
the solution is taking away a person´s of freedom, or in more serious

ee
Fr
cases, the death penalty.

Value: Human rights
Punishments in the Past.

After the conquest, much 1. What did philosophers think was necessary to live peacefully in society?
information was lost about
what life was like before
the arrival of the Spaniards. 2. Explain in your own words what “social contract” is. Give examples from
However, thanks to some texts your life situation.
such as “The Chronicles of the
Indies”, we know that the Inca
Empire had rules that regulated 3. According to the text, how does society keep the peace?
the conduct of people and
actions considered criminal.
These norms established 4. What types of justice from the past have you heard about?
punishments according to the
seriousness of the crime and
the social class of the person
who had committed the crime. 5. Complete the sentences with the words in the chart.
Historians affirm that
the Incas had extremely hard Burglar Shoplifter Identity thief Bank robber
and cruel rules, some qualified Pickpocket Kidnapper Plagiarist Drug dealer
as draconian. For example,
the “Vinpillai”, or punishment a. A person who steals from a store is a .
of adultery, consisted of stoning
the culprit to death. b. A person who enters a home or building to steal is a .
c. A person who takes the name of another person is an .
d. A person who takes the money from the bank is a .
e. A person who takes a person until someone pays to get them back
is a .
f. A person who steals things from purses or bags is a .

Vocabulary
g. A person who takes the ideas of another person without giving

spaniards. a person from
them credit is a .
Spain
draconian. extremely severe h. A person who sells illegal substances is a .
2
Oral Communication
Language and Literature
What are some of the jobs that exist that are related to crime?
Audio
Freepik
1. Listen to a social assistant and an unemployed man talking about
jobs related to crime. Write notes about what the responsibilities
of each job are.
Freepik
1
2. Order them according to the salary they have.

Grammar Tip
Job Salary When we ask about experiences
we use the present perfect.
We form it with the auxiliary
+
.
For example:
Which jobs related to crime did you already know? Do you know any
other job related to crime? Based on the description of these jobs,
which one would you be interested in? Why?
3
Reading
What are the conditions in different prisons around the world?
Prisons Around the World

Before Reading
At the beginning of the module, we saw that justice is a social
• What is a prison?
construction. Each society is different. Prisons are the result of how each
Define it in your own words.
society chooses to punish people who do not comply with the established
• How do you think social contract. For this reason, prisons around the world are so different.
that prisoners live?
In some countries, prisons are horrible places. Inmates live in
• Do you know what prisons overcrowded cells like in Haiti’s Civil Prison, Women’s
are like in your own country? prison in Bogota, where each cell is filled up with 20 inmates,
• Do you believe that all prisons or The Maula prison in Lilongwe, Malawi, in Africa where almost 200
are the same around the prisoners can be crammed into a cell suitable for 60 people. In other
world? countries, especially in northern Europe, prisons want the inmates
to rejoin society when they finish their sentence.
For this reason, prisons are places where criminals rehabilitate.
The cells in prisons of countries like Norway, Germany, Denmark,
or Sweden, are comfortable single or double bedrooms with TV, private
toilet, musical instruments, some even have video games.
What two words can be
used to describe the different
prisons in the article? Which
prisons are in which category?
Write 3 sentences that
compare the conditions
of each type of prison.
1.
Wikipedia Commons / ICTY staff
Cvu-togo-diaspora.com
2.
3. After Reading
1. According to the text how are prisons around the world different?
2. What does the “social contract” have to do with the amount of people
in a cell?
Vocabulary
inmate. a person who

is forced by law to stay

in a prison 3. In which of the two categories of the text are prisons in your country?
overcrowded. containing
too many people or things
4
Art
How do inmates spend their time in prison?
Art in Prison
Value: Human rights There are many people in prisons around

the world. Therefore, with the aim of
The United Nations (1948) rehabilitating, distracting or preparing
states under the Article 19 prisoners to rejoin society, many prisons Fre
epik
of The Universal Declaration have various programs for inmates. A common
of Human Rights that “Everyone program in several prisons is “arts behind bars”.
has the right to freedom “Arts behind bars” is not a single project, it is a set of
of opinion and expression; workshops such as needlework in male prisons, arts projects,
this right includes freedom or collaborative stage shows.
to hold opinions without
interference and to seek, receive One of the objectives is to channel the strong feelings that lead
and impart information and to confinement, violence or danger. All this trapped energy can
ideas through any media and stimulate the creativity of the prisoners and come out in the form
regardless of frontiers”. of art as a way of reform or rehabilitation. Another objective is to build
critical awareness and confidence by learning and mastering a skill.
Some prisons have live music presentations or shows where the
prisoners are spectators.
Others have a great number of art projects created with and by
prisoners. Some projects are the creation of literary works, paintings,
and sculptures. An example of art created in prison is the film “Modelo
estéreo” where Garo and My Friend, two ex-convicts, show the music
that is created in the “La Modelo” prison in Colombia.
How is this statement of the
UN related to the text you read
about prisons?
Do you agree or disagree with
this article of The Universal
Declaration of Human Rights 1. What are the two purposes of art in prisons according to the text?
applied into prisons? Explain.
In your notebook write a
short paragraph (90 words)
explaining your reasons.
2. What are the two roles that prisoners can have regarding “art behind bars”?
Vocabulary
3.
needlework. sewing decorative
designs onto cloth and clothes
. the situation
in which a person or animal
is kept somewhere, usually 4. Is there any art behind the bars project or workshop in your country?
by force What is it about? Is it successful?
awareness. knowing that
something exists
6
Oral Communication
Social Studies
Jobs Related to Crime

Audio
Listen to a courtroom sketch
artist talking about the
secrets of his profession.
Take notes while you listen.
Freepik
1. Listen again and select True(T) or False(F) and explain your False
answers.
a. Maureen always wanted to work as a courtroom sketch artist.
epik
Fre
b. It is easier to draw at a morning trial.
Grammar Tip
c. Maureen needs to hand in her sketches in the morning.
Remember that to talk about
an action that was completed
at some point in the past before
something else happened, we use
d. People without distinguishing features are hard to draw.
the past perfect tense. It is formed
with: .
For example:
e. The interviewer isn’t surprised about what Maurice says.
2. After listening again, describe the best and worst scenario for a
courtroom sketch artist.
Best scenario Worst scenario

Vocabulary
smell. the act act of using

the nose to detect an odor,
noun form is the odor
faint. the act of suddenly

becoming unconscious
decomposition. the action

In your notebook. Investigate a case, read the trial description of decaying, or causing
or create one and draw a courtroom sketch. Make arrows pointing something to decay, verb
to the most important objects and people in the portrait. form is decompose
7
Lesson B
What could be some differences between courts in various countries?
Why Are Pictures Forbidden in Some Courts?
Today there are all kinds of devices to capture images and record audio
and videos. Technology to get information and share it in real time with
everyone has already been invented. However, if we already have all this
technology, why are there still people dedicated to drawing the courts
instead of taking pictures or making videos of them?
By 1950 the Supreme Court of the United States had created
a rule stating that photographs in the courtroom or the broadcasting
of judicial proceedings from the courtroom were prohibited. In 1972,
Freepik
television cameras were included in this rule. Since then cameras

have been prohibited in courtrooms.
Then, in 1999, cameras were allowed, and the Court released audio
of oral arguments, after arguments concluded. Some of the Supreme Court
Justices have opposed allowing cameras into their courtroom. Others have
expressed a wish to allow cameras.
The arguments against cameras in courtrooms are the concern they
have about an impact on television when they show the functioning
of the institution. People are going to be very careful before doing, saying
or acting naturally or honestly, because they will be worried about the effect
their words may have. Others say that if trials are televised, people will
Grammar Tip not see the whole process, or the part aired by the media could have been
selected to show certain things and be unlike what the court does.
We use the present perfect
to talk about actions or events
that happened sometime during
a person’s life, something that
happened in the recent past,
1. Go around your class asking 3 of your classmates the following questions.
but that is still true or important
now or something that a. Have you ever been in a trial/court?
happened recently. To make it b. Have you ever seen a trial?
you need “ ”+ .
c. What have you learned in this unit?
d. Have you ever heard about Billy the Kid?
2. Cameras have been forbidden in courts.
Since 1850 Have already voted

For more than 60 years Hadn’t forbidden
3. Courtroom sketch artists their jobs until today.
Have lost Have kept

Have learned Have drawn
Vocabulary
4. The majority of the Courts have voted.

broadcasting. to send out In favor of cameras In favor of media
a program on television
or radio Against media Against sketches
8
Oral Communication
How much do you know about Billy the Kid?
Billy the Kid – Marty Robbins Before Reading
Many songs, books and movies

deeds have been created based on the
story of criminals. Billy the Kid
is one of the most famous.
The following is a traditional
country song from the US.
What do you think Billy the Kid
did to be so famous? Make a guess
before listening the song.
‘Ere
How did you imagine Billy
the Kid when you heard
the song? Describe him using
the past simple in 3 sentences
and draw him according
to your description.
1.
2.
Freepik
3.
1. Based on the song, who was Billy the kid and why did he have that
nickname?
Vocabulary
deed. an intentional act,

2. Who was Pat Garrett? especially a very bad or very
good one
lad. a boy or young man

3. What had Billy already done when he was 15 years old? maiden. a girl or young woman
ere. archaic expression

meaning before (in time)
4. How many men had Billy the Kid killed when he died?
manhood. the state of being
a man
shoot down someone. to kill

5. What had Pat Garret and Billy the Kid been when they were younger? a person with guns
wander. to walk around

slowly in a relaxed way
6. What did Billy the Kid say before his death? or without any clear purpose
or direction
9
Nueve Reinas”?
Why is “Nueve reinas” a Good Scammer Movie?
Criminals always get people’s attention either by their coldness

or cruelty, or by their ingenuity. This is why there are so many artistic
productions that have a specific criminal or crime as a central theme.
“ ” is an Argentine crime film. This film, released in 2000,
is considered a classic of Argentinian cinema. It enters the “scammer’s
cinema”. Unlike fictitious crime movies where the viewer sees deaths,
shots, blood carried out only with violence, the scammers’ cinema seeks
to attract the spectator with protagonists who succeed thanks to their
ingenuity, inventiveness or ability to pretend.
Wikipedia Commons
This film tells the story of Juan and Marcos, two beginner scammers
who are suddenly involved in a “business” that can make them millionaires.
The problem in the film is that they only have 24 hours to do it and it is
the only opportunity they will ever have to do something so big in their
lives, so they decide to risk everything. “Nine Queens” was nominated
for twenty-nine international awards and won twenty-one of them. This
film became the “Magnum Opus” of its director and invites the viewer
to see it from start to finish accompanied by charismatic and friendly
characters until an unexpected end.
1.
2.
to the text?
Vocabulary
scammer. someone who

In your notebook. If you have seen the movie, summarize the story
makes money using illegal
in a 100 word paragraph, if not, create a summary based on what you
methods, especially by
think the story may be about. You can take this questions as reference:
tricking people
a. Who are Juan and Marcos?
ingenuity. someone’s ability
to think of clever new ways b. What have they done to be criminals?
of doing something
c. Had they met before they got involved in the “business”?
Magnum Opus. the most d. Who is the villain? What does he do to become the villain?
important piece of work done
by a writer or artist e. Who is the victim?
10
Oral Communication
What are the best heist movies?
1. Listen again to the conversation and answer the following questions.

Audio
Freepik
a. Did Jose like Bruce Willis in the movie “Die hard”? Explain.
b. List the movies mentioned and who stars in them.

Grammar Tip
•
• Remember that to form
• the participle of regular verbs,
• we just add “-ed” at the end
of the verb, with irregular verbs
•
we need to memorize them.
We can use some words
c.
to formulate the present perfect
summary of one of the movies or another movie about a crime.
like since, for, ever, yet or already.
2.
gang of bank robbers

who left a clue by accident
Casino criminals who suspect

one of their gang members
Heat
two best friends who
Die hard
compete against each other
Reservoir Dogs
survivor of a horrific
gun battle Vocabulary
The Usual Suspects
an officer who tries to save heist. a crime in which
his wife and others valuable things are taken
illegally and often violently
from a place or person
3. hostage. someone who
haven’t seen of the honorable mentions. (Special Chabbis, Ocean’s is taken as a prisoner by
an enemy to force the other
Imagine what the story is about. In yout notebook, write a 90 word plot people involved to do what
synopsis. Remember using the present perfect. the enemy wants
For example: This movie tells the story of a bank robber who has killed gang. a group of criminals
an innocent man by accident and the police look for him. who work together
11
Reading
History
Who was Billy the Kid and why was he famous?
An Historical Lucky Event

Before Reading
Read and pay attention to the This photograph where we see a group of men may look like an
information about Billy the Kid, ordinary old photograph. In fact, a lawyer in the US bought it at a flea
Pat Garret and their pictures. market and paid only $10. However, today it is valued in millions of dollars.
Its unprecedented history attracts the attention of many people. How can
this “regular” photograph have so much value?
The picture shows 4 men with mustaches and one without a mustache.
Researchers say that this boy without a mustache is William Henry
McCarthy, the famous Billy the Kid, a bandit who killed more than
• Can you guess who in the 20 people in the Wild West.
picture is Billy the Kid?
But that’s not all. The picture not only shows one of the criminals
with the worst reputation in the history of the US, but in the photograph
we can also see his executioner, the sheriff of New Mexico, Pat Garrett
who killed Billy the Kid in 1881. How do we know that the people
in the photo are Billy the Kid and Pat Garret? The image of Billy the Kid
is known thanks to two portraits.
Wikipedia Commons
In 2010, a couple went to a store in California where they bought an

old photograph for two dollars. Some experts analyzed it and its value
went up to 5 million dollars. The photograph that this couple bought,
is a picture where you can see Billy the Kid at the end of the 19th century
playing cricket.
• What do you see in this
picture? Write a 90-word But how is it possible that a fugitive and the sheriff who killed him
paragraph. Explain who were in the same photo? Garret and Billy the Kid were good friends until
these men were and what Garrett became a sheriff in Lincoln County, New Mexico, and in 1881
their story was. Be creative he shot 21-year-old Billy the Kid.
and prepared to show your
story to your class.
Billy
After reading
What he did: 1. What two pictures are described in the text?
2. What is amazing about the pictures according to the article?

Frank
3. Write the similarities and differences of the two pictures described

in the text.
What he did:
12
Lesson C

History
What do you know about the Old West in the United States more than 150 years ago?
Who Were the Best Gunmen in History?

World Fact
The Old West Among the most famous gunmen in history is Clay
By the twentieth century, Allison. People had nicknamed him “Crazy Clay” since
the United States had been he was a teenager in Texas, where he was born in 1840.
in the period of expansion The police placed many search warrants and had captured
to the Pacific Ocean coast. him a few times, but nobody had wanted to execute the sentence.
History has named this period He married young, and a few days later his wife disappeared. Nobody
the Old West or Wild West. knew anything else about her. When he was 21 years old, he had already
Hundreds of people have killed two rangers with gunshots because they told him not to scream in
created many movies, songs a gambling hall. Everyone thought he was a psychopath. By 1865, he had
killed 20 men in the Assault on Lawrence.
ik
and books about this period
ep
Fre
of time.This genre has been
By the time he died in 1887, he had returned to his land and worked as
grouped under the genre
a cowboy in different places, but he always killed someone, and the farm
“Western”. In these works,
owners threw him out. He had duels with multiple gunmen, then he killed a
amazing stories of cowboys,
sheriff and had been persecuted by rangers until he hid with the Apaches and
pioneers, and Amerindians
finally married an Indian woman who later disappeared. According to some,
are told. In the Wild West,
Clay Allison killed more than 50 people.
there were some treacherous
criminals who were not just
fiction. There were American
cowboys, and adventurers
who have become real 1. Where does the nickname of Clay Alisson come from?
legends.
2. Did Clay Alisson have a happy marriage? Explain.
3.
1840 1887
4.
Vocabulary
a person, especially in the western US,
warrant. whose job is to take care of cattle.
Sheriff
document that gives the
police permission to search
someone’s home, arrest an official in charge of performing the
Gunman orders of the law within a particular county.
a person, or take some
other action
Rustler
gambling hall. a place where a person who steals farm animals.

you gamble
gamble. the activity Cowboy

a man, usually a criminal,
of betting money who is armed with a gun.
18
Oral Communication
History
What do you know about Bonnie and Clyde?
Bonnie and Clyde
1. Listen to the following audio about Bonnie and Clyde and determine if
each of the following statements are True(T), False(F) or Not Mentioned Audio
(NM) in the audio. Listen to the dialogue.
a. By 1930 they had already known each other for a

decade.
b. When they met, Bonnie had already married another

man.
c. When the FBI found the stolen car, Bonnie and Clyde
had stolen money from banks.
d. When they died a friend of them had betrayed them.
e. Bonnie had been in prison a couple of times before she

died.
f. By 1934 Clyde had been a criminal for a long time.
Wikipedia Commons
2. What were the crimes Bonnie and Clyde committed? List them.
3. Do you think it was acceptable that the police killed them? Why or
why not? Explain.
Grammar Tip
When we refer to an event that

happened before another in the
past, we use the past perfect.
It is formed with: .
Freepik
19
Reading
How do you react under pressure? Give examples of pressure situations you have been in. How did you react?
The Perfect Place

Before Reading
There are unbelievable stories of criminals. One of them is the story
What is the worst place to hide of Donald Eugene Webb, one of the 10 most wanted criminals by the FBI.
if the police is looking for you? After looking for him for more than 25 years, the police found him
in the least expected place.
Webb had been hiding for more than a quarter of a century when the
police found him on March 31, 2007. Police found Webb’s remains buried in
the garden of his own home in Massachusetts. On December 4, 1980, Gregory
Adams, head of the police department arrested Webb during a traffic control.
Three weeks later Webb escaped and left his car in a parking lot. The police
found traces of blood in the car so they issued a warrant in December 1980.
Pixabay
The question is how a criminal could hide from the FBI, and have a normal life
while living in his house? According to the FBI, Webb had up to 9 aliases and
6 different “occupations”. During the investigation, he worked as a butcher,
jeweler, machine technician and even restaurant manager. In all this time,
Webb had returned home every day after work. So it’s incomprehensible how
the FBI couldn’t find him.
Although it is a very obvious place, the answer to this enigma was
a secret room. When the police searched the house of Webb they found a
closet that gave way to a secret room and there they found a walking stick.
Adams’ widow wanted to sue Webb’s widow for helping a criminal hiding
from the police. The walking stick was a proof, because the blood the police
had found in Webb’s car in 1980 was from when Adams had shot Webb
in the leg. Finally, Lillian Webb negotiated to tell the police where the remains
of her late husband were.
1. What was Webb’s crime?
2. How did Webb’s widow avoid going to prison?

Freepik
3. What does the walking stick have to do with the story?
Vocabulary 4. How did Douglas Webb spend those 25 years?

walking stick. cane, a long
thin piece of wood to help
people walk
5. If you had to hide somewhere where would you hide?
remains. bones, what is left
of something after a long time
20
What crimes do you know about that involve works of art?
Crimes in Art
Artists like to represent and capture special moments. There are

multiple works of art, photographs, films, pictures and songs about crimes.
Below is a list of some crime scenes that were captured in works of art.
“Birmingham Race Riot” (1964) by Andy Warhol are photographs
of a policeman letting his dog attack “rioters” who had been protesting civil
rights in Alabama.
Pixabay / prettysleepy1
In 1493, Leonardo da Vinci released his work “A Man Being

Pickpocketed”. In this painting, we see a man in the middle of men that had
surrounded him to steal his money. “The Murder” (1867-8) by the French
artist Paul Cézanne is a work in which Cézanne portrays a fierce murder
done by two people. “The first murder” is a photograph Arthur Fellig took
in 1941. He was known because he always got to the crime scenes before
the police. In the photograph there is a group of young people who were
looking at a man who had been murdered. There are many other artworks
that portray crimes.
World Fact
There are books and movies

that involve crimes or deaths.
It is normal for a death cause 1. What kind of artworks is the text about?
us pain. We want to keep
looking and to know what
had happened before that 2. Why do you think artists like to capture crime scenes in artworks?
moment. The more mysterious,
incomprehensible or incredible,
the more interest it generates. 3. In your opinion what was the purpose of Warhol when he published
Some artists are able to capture “Birmingham Race Riot”?
those moments.
4. Do you agree or disagree with galleries where this type of artwork

is exhibited?
5. Match the picture with the description:
A group of men who have made

a circle to take a man’s money
Vocabulary
A picture where we can see a group
rioter. people who meet of people watching an authority
in a public place and behave doing something unusual
in a noisy, violent, and
uncontrolled way, often
A picture where we see a pair
as a protest
of card-sharks who trick a young
pickpocket. to steal things out
of people’s pockets or bags, A picture where we see a person who
Mineduc
especially in a crowd has been stabbed violently by a man
22
Oral Communication
How have criminals been punished throughout history?
Methods of Punishment
1. Listen to the following lecture about punishments throughout history.

Audio
Then complete the following sentences with the correct word from
the list below. There are extra words.
hanging capitally Wales vagabonds stocks and pillory

criminals law punishment drowning physically
Tip
a. From the 15th to the 18th century, criminals were punished Notice how the past perfect
. simple “had done” focuses
on a past action that occurred
b. Criminals and were punished from the before another past action.
15th to the 18th century. And the past perfect continuous
“had been begging” focusses
c. Queen Elizabeth created a to help the poor. on a continuous action that
happened until another past
d. The common methods of punishment were
action occurred.
and burning.
e. There were punishments for men who had beaten their wives in
.
2. According to the dialogue, what do each of the following words mean?

Choose the best option for each one.
a not violent, severe, or extreme

mild b very bad
c rough treatment
a a type of unkind or cruel punishment
b a not violent, severe, or extreme punishment

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harsh
c humorous; causing laughter
d making you feel embarrassed
a a person who has no home and usually no job,

and who travels from place to place
b someone who commits a crime
vagrants
c a person who is guilty of heresy
d someone who has done something wrong Vocabulary
whip. to hit a person

or animal with a piece of rope
23
Are executions an appropriate form of punishment?
I Shouldn't Have Done That
Value: Human rights The nature of crimes and punishments has evolved over time. Capital
punishments were frequent and even normal in the past. Today they are
When a person has done not common and even less as a public event. In 2015, there were only four
something atrocious, the worst countries with public executions.
punishment there is, is capital
Public Executions
punishment. There are some
countries that still have public During the Pahlavi Dynasty public executions decreased considerably.
executions as an example However, after the Islamic Republic of Iran arrived and was established,
of the consequences of terrible public executions became common and frequent again. Adultery,
crimes. Public executions have prostitution, homosexuality and narcotics trafficking are crimes for which
many forms, but they always they call for public executions. All kinds of people, including children,
work as a show of the power attend these events.
the state has over the citizens. In Saudi Arabia, public executions are still practiced in public since they
are handled under Sharia law. This law indicates that murder, apostasy,
blasphemy, idolatry, homosexuality, sedition, witchcraft, adultery and
drug trafficking are worthy of capital punishment. It is also common
for the authorities to exhibit the dead as a way of setting the example
for others.
North Korea is another country where crimes such as drug dealing,
murder, vandalism, robbery, smuggling, rape and piracy call for public
• What is the purpose execution. In North Korea public executions consist of a firing squad.
of public execution? Finally, another country to practice public executions is Somalia.
• What are the countries that The forms of capital punishment in this African country are shooting,
allowed public executions beheading and stoning.
in 2015?
• Has Iran always had
the same number of public
executions? Explain. Research the following words. Then, match the word with the meaning.
• Why are there public There is one extra word.
executions in Saudi Arabia?
something that you say or do that shows
• List 5 crimes that call
you do not respect God or a religion.
for public executions in these
countries. 1 Smuggling
the act or process of taking things or people to
• List 3 common methods
of capital punishment. or from a place secretly and often illegally.
2 Apostasy
the activity of performing magic to
help or harm other people.
3 Blasphemy
the act of giving up your religious
4 Sedition or political beliefs and leaving a religion
or apolitical party.
Vocabulary 5 Witchcraft language or behavior that is intended

to persuade other people to oppose their
handled. to be managed
or controlled by
government.
24
Oral Communication
What happens when you copy the work of someone else?
1. Listen to the audio about plagiarism. Choose the right option.

Audio
a. When Cecilia came back from the bathroom the teacher...
b. Radiohead lost a demand against...
c. The song from Lana del Rey

was considered plagiarism.
d. Radiohead must a percentage of the income

of “Creep”.
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e. To take the work of someone else is a serious
f. A politician lost his job because...
g. Many universities students due

to plagiarism.
Value: Honesty
2. Students and professionals can lose their degrees or their jobs due
to plagiarism, regardless of if it was intentional or unintentional. It is Honesty must be a fundamental
a serious offense. Do you think plagiarism should be punished in all part of everyone’s personal
cases or just in some? How? Explain. and professional lives. When
someone creates music
or literature, the work has
Introduction to be their own.
Reason 1
Vocabulary
Reason 2
sue. to take legal action
against a person or
organization, especially
by making a legal claim for
Conclusion money because of some harm

that they have caused you
. to remove someone
from their job
25
Who is Sherlock Holmes?

How do you imagine Sherlock
Holmes? Draw a portrait
of Holmes as you imagine If you are a person who is interested in crimes
him and write 4 sentences and mysteries you must have heard of the character
explaining your portrait. created by Sir. Arthur Conan Doyle, Sherlock Holmes.
This fictional character created in the nineteenth
century appeared for the first time in the Beeton’s
Christmas Annual of 1887. Sherlock Holmes’s
first appearance was in “A Study in Scarlet”. In the
multiple cases in novels, movies and series, Holmes
pursues criminals around England and Europe.
Holmes was not the first detective in literature,
since Edgar Allan Poe had already written about C.
Auguste Dupin and Émile Gaboriau’s Monsieur Lecoq,
but he had a much greater impact. He has survived and
remained a milestone in literature until today.
Many people agree that Dr. Joseph Bell, a professor pi
k
ee
of medicine who had taught Arthur Doyle at Edinburgh Fr
University, was the inspiration for many traits

of Holmes’s personality. According to Doyle, Bell sat,
examined people who he saw for the first time and told them
details of their lives without error, exactly like Holmes.
Sherlock Holmes is not the narrator of his adventures,
In A Study in Scarlet, Sherlock
his roommate and personal friend, Dr. Watson is in charge
Holmes is described as:
of narrating the queries, the process and the chain of thought that
“In height he was rather over Holmes has until he gets to solve the riddles. Sherlock Holmes not only
six feet, and so excessively has remained in books, today there is a saga of films starring Robert
lean that he seemed to be Downey, Jr., Jude Law and a series starring Benedict Cumberbatch and
considerably taller. His eyes Martin Freeman about the famous detective.
were sharp and piercing,[…]
and his thin, hawk-like nose
gave his whole expression
an air of alertness and decision.
His chin, too, had the prominence 1. What is Holmes job?
and squareness which mark the
man of determination”
2. Describe Sherlock Holmes’s personality?
3. What is the relation between Doyle’s teacher and Sherlock Holmes?

Vocabulary
lean. thin, very little fat

4.
sharp. used to describe a part
of someone’s face that is very

pointed
5. Is Sherlock Holmes still an important character? How can you prove that?
thin. with little muscle and meat
on the bones
28
Oral Communication
What are your favorite movies that involve detectives?
1.
Sherlock Holmes. Fill in the diagram of the characteristics of both Audio
and then write three sentences comparing and contrasting the TV series Listen to the dialogue.
and the movie.
TV Series Films
3 Pixabay
2.
he or she look like? What is their personality like? Does he or she work
alone or do they have a partner?
Tip
Remember that using a variety

of adjectives to describe
a person is a good way to hint
at the character’s personality.
You can make your reader
even more interested if you
carefully choose your adjectives
and describe the physical
appearance, but also show some
traits of personality.
Vocabulary
hint. to say or do something

that shows what you think
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or want, usually in a way that
is not direct
29
Assessment
Writing
1 Choose a book or series about a crime or a crime
and make a summary of the work. Explain why you After she was recognized and renowned
chose it. Narrate the events. Write a police report after The Murder of Roger Ackroyd (1926), she
of 90 words. Your report should be in the past tense published another 75 novels.
and past perfect.
One of the common topics among fans
of detective fiction is comparing and contrasting
the novels and stories written by Agatha
Christie and Conan Doyle.
Both were very famous English writers
and basically the parents of modern detective
fiction. However, they never had a relationship
or contact. Their novels and main characters
are very different. In the case of Sherlock
Holmes, Doyle, clients came to his house
and asked him to solve their problems.
On the other hand, Poirot was usually
in front of a murder scene and he looked for
the culprit in stories where every member
Reading of the family or everyone who was related
2 Read the following text about Agatha Christie. to the victim seemed suspicious.
Summarize the text in your own words.
Who was Agatha Christie?

Agatha Christie, was an English writer born
on September 15th, 1890. She wrote multiple a. Why was Agatha’s childhood “unique”?
detective novels that are still famous. She
has sold more than 100 million copies of her
books and they have been translated into 100
languages.
b. Was Agatha’s dream to be a detective fiction
She had a very unique childhood. According writer? Explain.
to her own autobiography, her mother did not
want Agatha to learn how to read. So, Agatha
decided to learn by herself. Before going to a
school when she was 15 years old, she had spent
her whole time at home. As a result, she had
created a lot of imaginary friends. She never c. How are Sherlock Holmes and Hercule Poirot
intended to be a writer. She started writing similar? How are they different?
stories when she was sick in bed. That was the
beginning of what turned out to be her passion.
She got poems published in The Poetry
Reviews and her stories were bestsellers
published as “series” on newspapers and d. Why do you think Agatha Christie had two main
magazines in the US and the UK. detectives and not just one as Arthur Conan
Doyle? What do you prefer as a reader? If you
Hercule Poirot along with Miss Jane Marple
were a writer, would you have one main detective

were her main characters and detectives. or more?
30
Assessment How important is law enforcement?
Listening Grammar/Vocabulary
1 Listen to the following audio about unbelievable 3 Imagine you have to explain a criminal proceeding
crimes. Determine if each of the following statements to someone. Make a list of 5 places related
are True(T), False(F), or Not Mentioned(NM) in to criminal proceedings you know. We have seen
the audio. some in this unit. Describe them using “where”
clauses.
a. The program is about the most
Example:
amazing crimes of history.
b. The man dressed as a joker was
walking around a town outside
Washington D.C.
c. The people who saw Jeremy
Puttman were afraid because he 1
had a weapon.
d. Sean A Sykes, Jr was found with
drugs in his auto.
e. Sykes didn’t want to collaborate
with the police.
f. The women who killed Kim
Jong Nam said she had been 2
paid to kill him.
g. The two women had already
been condemned to capital
punishment.
h. Bonnici had smoked weed
before the trial.
3
Speaking
2 Listen to the audio again. In groups of three, discuss
the three cases of amazing crimes that the journalist
mentions at the end. Each person takes a case and
makes up a story for it. Which one(s) are most
interesting to you and your classmates? Are there any
that you think are serious crimes? What punishment 4
do you think these criminals should get?

I do it very I do it I can I can’t do it
Topics well somewhat well improve without help
I can talk about past events that continue until the present using
the present perfect.
I can express events in the past that happened before another

event in the past using the past perfect.
I can talk about crime and criminals using vocabulary related to
these topics.
31
English What will I do
Pedagogical Module 3 in the future?
Tenth Grade EGB
So
Possessives: review 4 5 Divinations around the world
ci
alS
tu
d ie
3
s
Phrasal verbs
6 Inventions
Hi
st
or
ish
y
Future tenses 2
gl
La
En
ng
My Future 7
ua
Writing predictions
ge
Modals: ability
1 Plans
an
and possibility
d
Li
te
ra
tur
e
Values
10 Gender equality 9 Interculturality 8 Human beings and the environment
Our Curiosity About the Future

Knowing what the future holds is a common curiosity
among people. Humanity has always tried to know what
will happen in the future. As a result, multiple ways
have been created to try to see the future. Some of these
methods seem simple and others seem very abstract.
However, these practices of seeing or trying to read the
future are already a type of art. They even have their own
suffix, “-mancy”. To practice divination, people often use
omens or supernatural powers. Real or unreal, divination
is rooted in many cultures and will probably continue
Freepik
forever.
• Did you know about divination methods?

• Is there any traditional divination method in your country? Have you tried it?
• If you had the chance to see the future, what are ways it could change your life?
1
Lesson A

Social Studies
Is it possible for people to know what is in the future? What are some methods of divination?
Divination Methods
Value: Interculturality
People have created many ways to see or predict the future. Among
Why do you think that the multiple ways of predicting the future are: xylomancy, the divination
so many different cultures by reading pieces of wood. Another form of divination is theomancy,
have developed a method or the divination by responding to the oracles or people that the gods
to know about the future? inspire. Next is scapulimancy. It consists of reading the bones of an animal.
Had you heard about these
Another way of divination to find underground water or minerals
forms of divination before?
currents is rhabdomancy. Next is pyromancy or seeing the future through
When and from who?
the reading of fire. Psephomancy is another way of reading the future
using pebbles. Lithomancy or divination using stones. The divination
made through the reading of leaves is called phyllomancy. The divination
of future that comes with the observation of the flight of birds is called
We have read about many ornithomancy. Another form of divination is the reading
ways to see the future. Can of the cooked white of eggs is known as oomancy. These and
you guess what the following many other ways to see the future have been used in the past.
methods of divination are?
Retrieved from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/
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ways-to-tell-the-future/divining-the-future
Aeromancy
Divination
Aleuromancy Complete the crossword puzzle below with words related to divination
methods.
Anthropomancy
Bibliomancy
Ceromancy
Vertical
Vocabulary 1. In this divination method someone
read pieces of wood
oracle. a female priest
who gave people wise but Horizontal 2. The art of seeing the future by
looking at rocks
often mysterious advice from 4 . (related to theomancy) a priest that was inspired
3. Phylomancy pays attention to ...

a god, or the advice given by god and gave pieces of advice to know the future 5. It is used to see the future in
6.
pebble. a small smooth round pyromancy
7. Scapulimancy consists in reading...
stone, especially one found 7. Ornithomancy consist on looking
on a beach or in a river 8. Oomancy pays attention to ... at these animals
2
Oral Communication
What are some methods you have heard about to predict the future?
1.
and check if you got the answers right. If you didn’t get them right, listen Audio
again and then ask your classmates for the meaning of: Listen to the person talk
about forms of divination.
a. What is the meaning of aeromancy? Take notes about what is said.
b. What does aleuromancy mean?

Based on the description
of these divination forms,
c. What is the meaning of anthropomancy? which one would you prefer
to try? Why?
d. What is the meaning of bibliomancy?
e. How does ceromancy work?
2. Choose the correct answer.
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a. Astragalomancy is the art of knowing the future by reading
Stars / Bones
Grammar Tip
b. The root of belomancy comes from the same Greek / Latin word. Note that to talk about periods
of time past, present and future
c. To practice belomancy, people have to take a Missile / Arrow /Dart we use the preposition in.
For example: I want to know
from a container.
what will happen in the future.
d. Bibliomancy is the prediction of the future by means of looking at
pages of a book.
Vocabulary
e. The prediction of the future using Maps / Cards is cartomancy.
forecast. to say what you
expect to happen in the
f. Young women used cartomancy in the 19th / 18th century to future, often with the weather
know their future. . powder made from
Chiromancy is the divination method of examining water in grain, especially wheat,
used for making bread, cakes,
Basins / Hands pasta, pastry, etc.
dough.
and often yeast, fat, or sugar,
What is the best divination method? so that it is ready for baking
Make groups of 4 and consider all the divination methods you have bread
learned until now. Select 5 and rank in order of posssibly being accurate. entrails. the intestines
Make a list of arguments explaining why you rank them in that order. and other inside organs
Share your list with your classmates and compare the rankings. Do the of an animal or person, when
groups agree or disagree? Explain. they are outside the body
3
Reading
How do you think relationships and family life will be in the future? Explain
Family Life in the Future

Grammar Tip
When we want to talk about The world we live in seems completely

the future or make predictions normal, what we do seems logical and correct.
or express decisions for the However, everything that is normal in the
future taken at the moment, present was different in the past.
we use the modal: will+ verb
According to the Sociology Professor
in the base form. The negative
Pepper Schwartz, family, love and relationships
form of will is will not or won’t.
will change drastically in the future. In 90
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For example:
years, technology will have changed our lives
• I will go out with you so much that social constructions will be
on the weekend. different. Families will become androgynous. Household tasks will no longer
• He won’t win the race be one person’s job solely based on gender. That is, men will stop being
next year. who provide to the family or the main breadwinner in less than a century.
Men and women will both take care of the house and work to earn money.
Schwartz says that there will be many cases of subrogation. In addition
to women who can’t have children due to natural causes, women with
Value: Gender equality a very good income will avoid having many pregnancies. The options may be
to have children outside of the mother’s womb. This will help eliminate the
It makes sense for partners idea of women as more responsible for a child than the father.
in a household to share
Thanks to scientific advances there will be fewer cases of children with
responsibilities. Families
physical or mental defects because they will be detected and corrected before
are having fewer children
delivery. Divorce cases will still be common. The life expectancy will be
than in past generations,
higher, and the average person will have approximately 3 marriages during
and more women are working
their life. The cost of living will rise a lot, which will make it almost impossible
as professionals now than ever.
for families to have a house for themselves. Also, raising children will be
These job changes result
very expensive. So, the state will have to provide a subsidy for education.
in changes at home as well.
Only very poor and very rich people will have more than two children.
Retrieved from: https://www.washington.edu/alumni/columns/june98/pop_culture.html
• Do you agree with his
predictions? Why or why
not? Would you change Select True(T) or False(F). Correct the (F) ones writing the right answer.
anything about them?
a. According to professor, family and work relationships
• Do you think that some will change completely.
of these predictions are
already true?
• Are some of these
predictions impossible? b. Relationships and family won’t be too different compared
Explain. to what we have today.
Vocabulary
household. a group of people, c. Work at home will be divided between men and women.
often a family, who live
together
subrogation. the substitution d. The economy will make it easier to live in an independent house.
of one person or group by
another or something else
4
Social Studies
What do you know about gypsies?
Gypsies and Fortune Telling

Grammar Tip
Remember we use the present When we think of fortune telling and divination, it is common
perfect to talk about events gypsies come to our minds. This is because divination is a fundamental
or actions that started in the past element of Roma culture. Gypsy women have practiced divination
and continue in the present. and fortune telling for hundreds of years. The fortunetellers practice it
For example: Women have as a way to earn money, but never among their own people. Fortunetellers
practiced divination and fortune were disapproved throughout history. The Roma have traveled all
telling for hundreds of years. over the world. Different governments, monarchies and religions have
condemned their divination practices. Nowadays, some governments
accept the practices of gypsies as long as they respect the rules of the place.
In the past, almost all gypsy women were fortunetellers. A well-
known case is that of Lenin’s mother who consulted “Grandma Rose”,
a fortuneteller and clairvoyant. Grandma Rose told her there was nothing
she could do for Lenin’s older brother who was in prison, but she could
help young Lenin. The gypsy told Lenin’s mother: “I will help your son,
and everything will turn out well, he will be the leader of Russia and
his ideas will be followed even after his death.” and so it
happened.
Gypsies practice reading of hands and other
multiple forms of divination such as tea-leaf
reading, cartomancy, tarot reading, coffee beans
reading or crystal ball.
Retrieved from: : https://rozvitok.org/en/
pik
fortune-telling-as-part-of-the-roma-culture/
Free
Making a perfect prediction. Look for the correct counterpart of your

prediction.
Instructions Example
• Make 2 groups. Write your own Group A
predictions. In 15 years, flights...
Vocabulary • Group A will receive the first part
of a prediction and Group B only Group B
gypsy. a member of people the second part. ...will be faster and cheaper
originally from northern India • Go around the class asking. and we will not need visas.
who typically used to travel
from place to place
fortune teller. a person who

tells you what they think will Answer the following questions:
happen to you in the future
• Have you ever met a gypsy? Did they practice fortune telling?
clairvoyant. a person who
says they have powers to see • Why do you think governments, churches and kings condemned
the future or see things that fortunetellers?

other people cannot see
• Do you know any other culture that practices divination?
tea leaf. a dried leaf from
the tea plant • Do you believe “Grandma Rose” really changed Lenin’s future? Explain.
6
Oral Communication
Are you good at making plans? What types of things do you plan in advance?
The Art of Making Plans
Audio
Grammar Tip
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Remember that when we want
to express possession, we use
the apostrophe ’s when the owner
Listen to the speakers talking about plans making. Answer the following is a person or an animal.
questions.
The owner goes first, then,
• What is Mili’s problem? the apostrophe ’s and then
the possession.
• Is Mili going to work too much during the summer? For example: Mili’s plans.
• Is she happy about doing what she is going to do in the summer? Don’t forget that if the owner’s
name ends in s we write only
• What is Luca’s piece of advice? the apostrophe.
• According to the text, why do people cancel plans so often? For example: Lucas’ plans.
• What is the solution to the planning-canceling culture according

to the article?
PLANNING
In pairs. Student A talk about your plans for the weekend. Student B
ask questions to get more information. Exchange the roles once you
Listen again and put a check next to the correct option.
is sure of what she is going to do in summer

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Mili doesn’t know what she is going to do in summer

is not going to do anything in summer
Vocabulary
is stressed about what he is going to do in summer
Lucas knows what he is going to do in summer schedule. to arrange that
is not going to do anything summer an event or activity will
happen at a particular time
are going to have 2 weddings overschedule.
Mili’s are going to launch a product schedule with too many
friends are having parties activities
task. piece of work to be done

his personal experience
Lucas to avoid. to stay away from
an article he read in a magazine
talks about someone or something
an article he found on the internet
to commit. to promise or give

Planning/ was already discovered last century your loyalty, time, or money
Cancelling is going to be studied in the future to a particular principle,
culture is not real person, or plan of action
7
Oral Communication
What are your plans for the future?
Audio
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Grammar Tip
1. Mark each of the following statements as True(T) or False(F) according
to what you heard. When we want to talk about the
future we can use three forms.
a. Jessy is going to travel to Europe.
• Present continuous
b. Thomas may travel to the United States. for planned activities.
They are having a show next
c. Anna and Thomas are going to a Jonas Brother’s concert. month.
• Going to for plans, intentions,
d. The Jonas Brother’s concert will be in Madrid in September. and predictions based on
evidence.
e. Thomas will probably meet Harry Styles. Billie Eilish has so many hits.
Her concert is going to be
2. In the audio, Thomas, Jessy and Anna use all the forms of future. Write awesome.
one example of each form: • Will for unplanned future,
promises and predictions with
Present Continuous no evidence.
We will have a great time
Going to at the party.
Will
What are your plans? Ask 3 classmates for their plans. Write their
answers in the table below. Be prepared to share their answers with
the class.
Vocabulary
to launch. to introduce
Question /Name something new such as
a product
What are you doing
tonight? disappointed. unhappy
because someone or
Where are you going something was not as good
on the weekend? as you hoped or expected,
or because something did not
What are you going to do happen
on vacation?
to set off. to start on a trip
When are you going
to graduate? to appeal. to interest
or attract someone
Who will be your favorite

singer in 1 year? to bump into someone.
to meet someone you know
What will you be doing when you have not planned
in 5 years? to meet them
9
What movie will come out next year?
How Do You Imagine the Future?

Value: Human beings
and the environment
One of the most recognized films about the future
What will the future look like is Wall-e. In 2008, Disney’s Pixar released a movie about
if humans don’t take care Wall-e, a lonely robot that lives in 2805. The movie
of the planet? Some films make shows an abandoned planet. The only survivors on the
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representations of possible Earth are Wall-e and its friend, a cockroach. A special
future scenarios. ship, Axiom, floats in the space and makes occasional
checks to see if the earth is fit to return, always with negative results. Wall-e
is a film that manages to convey an idea of what the future could be without
the need of many words. Many characters have no voices. Wall-e deals with
serious issues such as waste management, consumerism, environmental
impact, obesity, or corporatism.
Retrieved from: https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/wall-e-review-2008-movie-1016979
• Discuss in pairs how you Answer the following questions based on your personal experience
imagine the future. and the text you just read.
• Why do you think that the •

movie does not have many •
dialogues? • Out of all the movies in the article, which one do you think will be
the most and least popular? Why?
•
in the future?
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COMING SOON
Hollywood Sequels
With many releases, 2020 promises to be a year full of blockbusters. In
Vocabulary January a remake of the horror film “Grudge”, the Japanese movie about a
vengeful ghost will come out. Also in January Just Mercy, a movie about a
to release. the action lawyer fighting for the civil rights of an inmate sentenced to death will be
of making a movie, recording, released. Also, Bad Boys for Life, an action and comedy film starring Will
or other product available for Smith will come out. It is a sequel to Bad boys 1 and 2 released in 1995 and
general viewing or purchase 2003.
remake. make (something)
Legally Blonde 3 will be released 15 years after the last film. Reese
again or differently
Witherspoon returns to play her role as Elle Woods, a blonde lawyer. The
vengeful. seeking to harm Disney live-action Mulan will come out in February. And in April “Bond 25”
someone in return for a will be released. The protagonist will be once again, and perhaps for the last
perceived injury, payback time in this character, the Englishman Daniel Craig. The second part of the
low-budget film that managed to raise millions, “A quiet place” by the couple
low-budget. made with

a small amount of money John Krasinski and Emily Blunt, will be released on May 15th.
Retrieved from: https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/article/most-anticipated-movies-of-2020/
to raise. collect, levy, or bring
together (money or resources)
10
Oral Communication
What are your expectations for next year?
Transportation in the Future

Audio
Listen to the audio and select the right option. Listen to the following audio
about next year. Take notes.
a. The audio is about predictions of what would happen
Then answer the questions
Before 2020 In 2020 After 2020 in class.
b. The audio says that in 2020 there
will be cars that can drive themselves

won’t be cars that can handle alone
will already be cars that don’t need a human driver
c. The predictions said that Japan
will have a moon base for robots

will have a moon base for humans
will have a solar base for robots
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d. According to the audio, with the China railway
will sell more products to Europe

will join two worlds
is going to build the biggest railway ever
Ask your classmate which
inventions may come out
e. Due to the lack of technology to connect cars, independent cars in 10 years related to the
will be a reality
own categories.
won’t be a reality
• Medicine
will need more time to come out • Vacations
• Food
• Houses
Vocabulary
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expectation. a strong belief

that something will happen
or be the case in the future
How do you imagine the future? Complete the sentences with your subsequent. coming after
own ideas. something in time; following
• In 10 years to handle. manage

(a situation or problem)
• By 2050
set out. begin a journey
• The next generation
to delay. make (someone
• Next year or something) late or slow
11
Reading
How was education in the past? How is it different now? What will it be like in the past?
What Changes Will be There in the Field

Before Reading of Education?
Brainstorm a list of elements and
tasks that are traditional in your Technology advances at giant steps. Since the creation of the internet
school. Have you ever imagined in the 60s, the world has seen unimaginable changes. Today the whole
how your school would be world is connected in real-time. There are new inventions every year that
without them? make into artifacts things that were cutting edge technology obsolete.
Some of the objects that will become obsolete in the 2020s are some
products and practices related to education. First, desks because new
education models and approaches say that communities work bettter
by sitting together or any environment that allows a more collaborative
dynamic promotes learning better than the traditional rows.
Second are the famous language labs for language learning. Future
learners will stop using monitors and desks and replace them with more
convenient devices such as phones. Nowadays we can learn languages
with apps on the phone. Maybe even books will be replaced by apps
in the future.
Third is the computer. The objective of education won’t be for students
to spend hours in front of a book, instead they will use elements that have
more presence in their life such as platforms, apps or programs that make
learning more meaningful and life related. Finally, in the future, teachers
who can’t use technology in their classes will become obsolete. Those who
can’t, unfortunately, will stop being attractive to educational institutions.
Retrieved from: hhttps://www.kqed.org/mindshift/17738/21-things-that-will-be-obsolete-in-202
1. In your notebook, answer the following questions.

a. Why do you think these elements will become obsolete?
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b. Do you agree that all the items in the text will disappear in the future?
c. Do you think these predictions will come true?
d. How soon do you think these predictions will take more time
to become real?
Vocabulary e. When do you think these changes will happen in your school?
step. forward movement

2. Read again and match the item with the changes it will suffer. Write
cutting edge. at the latest the number of the item next to the change it may cause.
or most advanced stage
of development; innovative a. Will be replaced by apps on the phone
Language labs
or pioneering
b. Desks
obsolete. no longer produced Students will seat on collaborative tables
or used; out of date
c. Computers
row. a number of people

d. Teachers with Won’t be practical anymore
or things in a more or less
straight line no knowledge
of technology Will not be attractive to schools
to replace. take the place of
12
Lesson C
What do you know about the future of soccer? What are some ways that soccer could change?
Plans for the World Cup in Quatar 2022

World Fact
The Mystery of the Lost Cup Organizing a world cup is very

If you are a fan of soccer and its important. It represents a great
history, you sure know about expense for the host, but the benefits
the Jules Rimet Cup. Brazil may be greater. In the case of the 2022
won the right to keep the cup World Cup, Qatar hopes that the
in 1970, after becoming the tournament will not only help Quatar,
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world champion for the third but also to the entire Arab community.
time. The trophy was stolen For this reason, they have not hesitated even for a moment
and melted in Brazil. However, the preparation for this event. The main questions are how big will
this was not the first time the the World Cup be? How many people will see the tournament around
Jules Rimet trophy was stolen. the world? What surprises will this World Cup have? What will be
In the 1960s, some thieves the biggest challenges? The 22nd FIFA World Cup will reach billions
stole the trophy in London of people around the world. In addition, the country expects to receive
and a dog named Pickles found 1.5 million visitors. Thirty-two teams will participate in the tournament
it in a garden. and the eight stadiums will be located within a radius of 40 km.
Retrieved from: https://www.guioteca.com/ A surprise of the World Cup will be the start and end date. To avoid
mitos-y-enigmas/cuales-fueron-los-cinco- the intense summer with temperatures that will reach 40ºC, the World
pistoleros-mas-peligrosos-y-legendarios-del-
lejano-oeste/
Cup will begin on November 21st and will end on December
18th, Qatar’s National Day. That is, it will be played in winter.
However, the winter temperatures in Qatar reach around 30
° C. As a result the matches will be played in the evenings.
It is not the first time that Qatar will have hosted a sporting
event, but it has never hosted such a large one. There are
many who question FIFA’s decision and some people who
• What will happen at the
totally reject it. There have been complaints from workers
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next world championships?

Answer the following who build stadiums under the desert sun. In the end, Qatar’s
questions. Ask a classmate promise is that it will be an unforgettable and magnificent
and compare your answers event.
Retrieved from: https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1333942-qatar-2022-5-reasons-why-
• Where will the 2026 soccer their-world-cup-could-be-a-huge-success#slide0
world cup be?
• How will the 2026 World

Cup be? Answer the questions according to the reading.
• What will be the surprises 1. How will the World Cup in Quatar be different from previous
of the 2026 World Cup? tournaments?
2. What are the main main challenges in planning this event?

Vocabulary
to host. to provide the space

and other things necessary 3. Why do you think FIFA chose Qatar as the host of the World Cup?
for a special event Explain.
to reject. to refuse to accept
complaint. a statement
4. Do you agree or disagree with their decision? Why or why not?
that something is wrong
or not satisfactory
18
Oral Communication
How do you imagine the future?
Thinking About the Future

Audio
1. What will be the future like?
Listen to the following audio about a contest. Decide if the statements

are True(T) or False(F).
a. Only people who speak Russian or English are able Grammar Tip
to participate.
Remember that to talk about
b. The event is about how life will be in 2100. years we use the preposition
“in”. For example: In 2100.
c. Anyone can participate in this contest. The preposition “in” is also used
with the words “past”, “present”
d. The governments of different countries are organizing
and “future”. For example:
this contest.
This will be obsolete in the future
e.
f. The winners can present their work in front of an audience.
2. Create a hypothesis of how life will be in 2100.

Write a 90-word paragraph. Prepare to present it in front of your class.
Introduction
Ideal 1
Ideal 2
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Ideal 3
Vocabulary
to undergo. to experience
something that involves
a change
Conclusion
to review. to think or talk
about something again,
in order to make changes to it
or to make a decision about it
19
Reading
Describe what you think the world will be like in 2050. Write down you predictions.
The World in 2050

Before Reading
• Do you believe there are going Scientists already know for sure what will
to be a lot of climate changes happen in the future. Industries will continue
in the future? If so which? to cause many changes.
• Do you think they can be One important change in the future will
reduced? How? be the temperature. Scientists say that by 2050
• What other changes might the planet will have a temperature increase
happen? of 3 to 4º C. It seems like nothing, but it will
have enormous effects on ecosystems. Fr
ee
pik
• Write your ideas in your
notebook. By 2050, the sea level will be 25 centimeters higher.
With higher temperatures, the defrosting process in Antarctica will become
twice as fast. The glaciers are going to melt. This will result in an increase
in the sea level. Another consequence will be the floods. The likelihood
of flooding in coastal towns will rise more than nine times. The economic
Value: Human beings losses will be greater than 50 billion dollars.
and the environment
The growth of the Himalayas will be another change. In 2050 the highest
What can you do to take care mountain range is going to be 165 millimeters higher due to the movement
of the environment in order of the Indian plate below it. The nearby towns are worried about the
to prevent the greenhouse possibility of earthquakes in the area.
effect and other possible
natural disasters? Everyone Eating fruits, and vegetables is going to be difficult. There won’t be
can help with small actions. enough crops to meet world demand. There will be serious consequences
for species such as birds. Scientists say that in 2050, 99% of seabirds will have
Start a list of what you can do eaten plastics.
to help. Compare your predictions about the future with the experts’ predictions.
Were your guesses similar?
Retrieved from: https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/ciencia/investigacion/
el-mundo-en-el-2050-el-futuro-a-ciencia-cierta/
Answer the following
questions.
1. Were your own predictions Match the highlighted words in the text above with the image.
of the future right? How?
2. Is there a way to prevent
the events mentioned
in the text?
3. What is the solution to
these problems?
4. Why is the Paris
Agreement incorrect?
Vocabulary
to defrost. If frozen food

defrosts, or if you defrost it,

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it becomes warmer and no

longer frozen
twice. two times
20
How different do you think movies in the future will be?
Movies In the Future

World Fact
Changes movie theaters have The cinema industry adapts to changes to keep their clients.
undergone through time. Here are some films about the future and some predictions about
People have laughed, cried and the world of cinema. The film “Minority Report” sets scenarios of how
discovered the world in the justice may predict bad behavior and control humanity in the future.
cinema since the 19th century. “Limitless” is a film that gives a glimpse of how in the future pills may
Cinemas then were way smaller increase our capacities tremendously. On the other hand, referring
than today. Since the 1930s to the film industry, platforms to stream content like Netflix, or Amazon
people could buy snacks at prime have changed the way in which people consume these products.
the movie theater and in the Therefore, production companies such as Warner Bros or Fox may create
50s, people watched movies in their own content platforms or collaborate frequently with established
drive-ins. platforms.
Retrieved from: https://www.cheatsheet.com/ Another aspect that could change in the future is the way series interact
entertainment/movie-theaters-and-cinema-
through-the-decades.html/ with the viewers. Most series about teenagers have unreal dialogues
and adaptations to their “real-life”. In the future, more series will portray
real situations and characters that interact with the spectators as in the
case of the Norwegian series SKAM or Blank that interacted through
social media with the viewers. This format could create a better
bond with the viewers because they participate in an active
Grammar Tip way and not just as spectators.
To express probability, we use whats-between-the-covers-55872ddaa528Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/mundo/

noticias-46212035
the modals “may”, “can” and
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“could”. Modal verbs are not
conjugated and the verb after
a modal is on the base form. 1. How many major changes does the text mention?
For example: We could travel
to another planet in the future.
She may go to the party. 2. Why do you think pop-corn wasn’t important when movie theaters
started?
3. Why do you believe drive-ins aren’t popular anymore?
Do you think there will be

movie theaters in 100 years?
4. What will happen to movie theaters and movies industry in the future?
Make 4 predictions.
1
Vocabulary 2
glimpse. a momentary 3
or partial view
4
to stream. transmit or receive
data over the internet
to bond. join or be joined

securely to something else
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22
Oral Communication
What is the future of music?
Music in the Future
1. Listen to the following conversation between two friends talking about

Audio
the history of music. According to the dialog, check the name of the
person who expresses the following ideas.
Phrase Alex Jimmy None Both Grammar Tip
Idols may be fictional in the Notice how the verb after “will”
future “won’t” and “going to” goes in its
base form.
Idols may be like that Japanese
That is, it is not conjugated.
virtual singer
For example:
I am convinced that virtual idols • She is going to sing.
are going to be popular
• Artist will be
Virtual singers may get tired • He won’t see that movie
or bored
Songs in the future may stay more
time on the charts
Real life artists may not stay • Create groups. Half of
as idols for a long time the group will discuss the
advantages of the changes
music industry will see,
2. Listen again and complete the dialogue with the and phrases in the box. the other half will discuss
the disadvantages of the
changes.
may - is going to work - won’t have - are not going to travel-
may be - real - is not going to get - are not going to be • Both groups will debate
and see who has the best
arguments
Alex: Isn’t it amazing that in the future out our ”idols”
not be ? Like in the article, they mentioned that in
the future, singers virtual creations that perform.

Vocabulary
Jimmy: Exactly, like that Japan’s pop star Hatsune Miku. to upload. to copy or move
programs or information
Alex: As a musician do you believe it will work? to a larger computer system
or to the internet
Jimmy: I am sure it based on the case of Japan because
virtual reality. the computer-
it is a technological creation. It tired, bored; it generated simulation
of a three-dimensional image
to develop its personal or romantic life, these or environment
virtual stars for tours. They enterprise. a business
or company
out of tune if they are not programmed to.
to last. to continue to exist
to develop. grow or cause

In groups. Make a mind map with 5 industries/businesses that will have to grow and become more
mature, advanced,
your work to your class. or elaborate
23
Lesson D
What are some of the college degrees/careers many students want to study? Will they be useful in the future?
What to Study in University

World Fact
1. Make a list of the degree programs you will apply for in the future
Why is it Important and explain why you want to pursue each of them.
to Study Hard at School?
1
It may seem as a matter
of numbers. One point more, 2
one point less, what is the 3
difference? However, school
and especially school grades
will have a great influence Most demanded university careers
on your life in the future. Education opens many doors. Choosing
The average of high school a career is a fundamental decision, but not simple.
grades, plus the final exam There are people who know what they want to
score will allow you to access be, but most don’t. Most people finish high school
a university, if you decide and still don’t know what to study. According to
to study in a university in a trend in recent years, these are the careers most
Ecuador. There are some students applied for nationwide. Are these careers
other options in other among your options? The first is nursing, followed by
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countries like loans or medicine, dentistry, business administration, architecture, law, civil
scholarships. However, grades engineering, social communication, economics, clinical psychology,
are also an important aspect environmental engineering, accounting and auditing, nursing degree,
they consider for admissions. commercial engineering, industrial engineering, veterinary medicine,
Retrieved from: https://www.oxford-royale. mechanical engineering, agronomic engineering and social work.
com/articles/university-admissions-around- The most demanded careers in the technical and technological institutes
the-world.html#aId=e135cacb-6abc-49d9-91b2- are automotive mechanical careers, systems analysis, fashion design,
and electricity.
There is no minimum grade to get into in public institutions.
The score needed is proportional to the demand for seats for each career.
So, the more students throughout who want to study these careers,
the higher the score must be.
Compare it to a marathon. Anyone can participate in a marathon
without training. However, they will not reach the goal or be even close
to winning. A student may apply with a 400-point mark for medicine,
but will not be in the quota because there will be so many students
who reach a higher score than that. For this reason, it is important
to get good scores on the final exams if you wish to follow any university
career.
Vocabulary Retrieved from: https://educacionecuadorministerio.blogspot.com/2018/02/lista-de-carreras-
universitarias-ecuador-mas-demandadas.html
nationwide. extending
or reaching throughout
a whole nation
2. Why are grades important?
among. being a member
or members of (a larger set)
3. Do any of the careers on the list belong to your list of possible careers?
quota.
or maximum number of a
particular group of people
allowed to do something
24
Oral Communication
What are you going to study in university?
University Decisions
1. Listen to the audio about what to do during the last year of class
and answer the questions. Audio
a. What is the situation of each girl?
b. What is the warning Dannya gives Kathy about small universities?
c. What is study the plan of Dannya?
Listen again and correct the following statements about university

career application.
• Danna knows that she wants to study medicine.
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• Kathy has got a clue of what she is going to study next at university.
Grammar Tip
•
Remember that different modal
verbs have different functions.
Must expresses obligation
2. Match the picture with the career. Write the career under the picture. or prohibition. For example:
You must be careful. “May” “can”
Nursing - Economics - Engineering - Medicine - Clinical and “could” express possibility;
psychology - Architecture - Electricity - Fashion designer For example: You may pass
the exam if you study hard. “Can”
and “Could” express ability or
skill but “can” is less formal. For
example:
can get a place at the university.
Vocabulary
clue. a sign or some

information that helps you
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to a problem, question,
or mystery
25
Reading
History
Will technology take over the world?
Technology and Jobs in the Future

Before Reading
Over the years, the needs of people change, and companies need
• Do you know anything about to meet those needs. In the future, today’s needs will probably be obsolete.
artificial intelligence? Let’s look at what threatens the employment of humanity in the future.
• Do you believe machines will Many jobs that are done manually will disappear because machines
replace people somehow? will do those jobs faster. Instead of having 100 employees, one single person
• What can we do to prevent will be paid to maintain a machine that does the work of the employees.
an unfavorable situation for Artificial intelligence is taking its first steps and many people, such as drivers
humans against technology? or receptionists, fear being replaced by a machine already. Machines with
artificial intelligence can carry out the tasks of a dermatologist, lawyer,
sports reporters, and even software developers better than humans do.
Global meetings have been held and it is on the agenda of governments,
scientists, and economists to discuss how to prevent an unfavorable
scenario. A change in education is seen as a possible solution to this
problem. Only educated people can be employable and attractive
to companies. Technology would be just the tool to access more and better
education that allows people to change the labor market.
Retrieved from: https://www.pewinternet.org/2017/05/03/the-future-of-jobs-and-jobs-training/
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Value: Gender equality
It makes sense for partners

in a household to share 1. In your own words, explain why the future may present an unfavorable
responsibilities. Families situation for humans.
are having fewer children
than in past generations,
and more women are working
as professionals now than ever.
These job changes result in 2. What does take over mean in “Technology may take over humans’ jobs?
changes at home as well.
Think of another consequence 3. Do people all over the world see technology as a serious problem?
replacing humans in different
How can humans prevent it?

Write a letter to the president

4. What is a possible solution to this problem and why? Can you think
to explain why this is or is not
of any other solutions?
a concern for you and what
we should do to support
or prevent this situation.
26
Oral Communication
How do you recognize someone who is going to be great one day? What traits do they have?
Signs of Someone Who Will Make it Big One Day
We all know a person that can achieve exceptional things in life.

“Something big” is relative for each person according to their priorities;
we mean a transcendental person, who leaves a mark. The writer Johnson
Kee made a list of signs to recognize a person who will cause others to be
inspired or motivated to do something or make a decision.
1. Work for long-term results: This person knows that things cannot be
achieved overnight. At least 2 or 3 years on an idea to attract people.
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2. Money is the motivation, not the main objective, but the medium.
People will pay for something that impacts and gives value to their
lives. Successful people take money as recognition and a reward Describe someone you think
for their work. will be successful in the future
and explain how and why?
3. People really matter. Public is not seen as a flock; they are seen as Do they match any of the
individuals. The tastes of the person to whom the product is aimed criteria on the text? Explain it
for are important. in 90 words in your notebook.
4. Constant improvements. A person who will be successful is always
preparing and improving.
5. They surround themselves with similar people. The people around
you them offer opportunities and serve as example and motivation.
Retrieved from: https://medium.com/the-mission/10-signs-you-will-make-it-big-one-day-d732609d63b2
What are other signs of someone who will be great one day.
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words.
• Exceptional
Vocabulary
• Transcendental
• Long-term . a large number of birds

of one kind
• Overnight
to aim. point or direct at
• Reward a target
• Improvements to surround. be all around
27
History
Will technology be able to create pieces of art such as paintings, sculptures, and music?
Technology and Jobs in the Future

World Fact
The simulation of people’s What will happen to art forms in the future?
intelligence in machines
Ray Kurzweil, the director of engineering at Google has made
or devices is known as
statements about the changes that art will undergo in the future and so
artificial intelligence (AI).
far, he has been correct. His first prediction is that A.I. will create better
The AI is divided into
art than humans will. Computers are already capable of painting pictures,
2 categories, the weak
creating stories or composing music. Kurzweil points out the amazing
or strong. Assistants such as
progress of the machines that a decade ago could not even distinguish
Alexa from Android or Siri
between two figures and are now able to paint a classic in another style.
from Apple are weak AI
because they only do one task What the A.I. still lacks is to be able to make works of art with the
for which they have been same sensitivity as a person and to reach logical conclusions. According
programmed. Strong AI can to Kurzweil, we are today much smarter than we were 20 years ago
carry out more complex tasks thanks to technology. In the future, our communication skills will be
or solve problems without better because our brains will have a connection to the cloud through
the intervention of a human. a chip. We will have access to more language by connecting to the
dictionary. Stories will no longer be simply stories, in the future we will
be able to participate in the stories. Virtual reality will make literature
more realistic when we immerse in them. This may be both good and
bad and it could make our personality much more flexible.
Finally, Kurzweil says that we will be resurrected through avatars,
Summarize what you read thanks to all the information about our personality that we leave in the
about the future of art on cloud such as photographs, emails, letters, diaries, videos, tastes, interests.
a mind map. Retrieved from: https://viva-mundo.com/en/noticia/post/what-motivates-students-study-abroad
Retrieved from: https://www.inc.com/kevin-j-ryan/ray-kurzweil-future-of-
storytelling-sxsw-2017.html
Answer the following questions.
1. How long do you think it will take to get to the point where we can
experience the changes mentioned in the text?
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2. Do you believe that these predictions will come true? Explain
3.
Vocabulary
statement. clear
expression of something
in speech or writing
• Imagine you are a software developer and can make A.I. carry out
to lack. the state of being an innovative task. What kind of functions and appearance would
without or not having enough you give your creation?

of something
• Write 5 sentences that describe what the AI might do. Then discuss
to resurrect. restore (a dead which ideas would be the most helpful. For example: It will cure
person) to life diseases without cutting open the patient.
28
Oral Communication
Where will you travel your next vacations?
1. Listen to the audio and match the phrasal verb with the meaning. Write
the number of the phrasal verb next to its meaning. Compare your Audio
answers with your classmates. Listen to the dialogue.
to go and fetch someone from a place
a. Set out and take them somewhere else
b. Check in to increase speed Choose 4 of the phrasal verbs

you heard in the dialogue.
when a plane arrives on an airport In pairs write your own
c. Pick up 2 minutes dialogue in your
to climb on board notebook where the characters
d. Get in use the phrasal verbs.
Be prepared to present it .
to register at a hotel when a plane
e. Look around arrives on an airport
f. Speed up to start a journey
to leave to go somewhere for a break

g. Get away or holiday
h. Get on to explore what is near you, in your

area
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2. Answer the following questions:
a. Why does the family go to the travel agency?

Grammar Tip
Remember that “will” and “going

b. What does the assistant do to determine where they will travel? to” are used to make predictions.
“Going to” is also for already
made plans and will for more
c. spontaneous decisions. “Will” is
also used to make promises.
For example:
d. Do they know how much the trip will cost? Why? I promise this will be fantastic!
e. What does the assistant promise the kid? Vocabulary
to tan. to become brown

f. What will they be able to see when they climb at Haleakala or browner after exposure
National Park? to the sun
hairpin turn. a sharp U-shaped

curve in a road
astonishing. extremely
surprising or impressive;
amazing
view. a sight or prospect,

typically of attractive natural
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scenery
29
Assessment
Writing
1 Your friends that live abroad are going to visit you
for the first time and you are going to plan their
vacations. Write a letter (80-90 words) and explain
what they will do during their trip here. Use will
and going to and phrasal verbs.
Introduction
Ideal 1
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Ideal 2
3 Match the word and the meaning

Ideal 3
a. Nourish d. Food supplements
Conclusion
b. Womb e. Undergo
c. Life expectancy f. Preventive
Reading
2 Read the following excerpt. What does it tell you the uterus
about power and evolution? Crime and prisons?
Pharmaceutics? Write down your ideas in your
notebook. experience or be subjected to something
provide with the food or other substances

Health in the future necessary for growth, health, and good
In the future people will be able to live longer. condition
Science will understand better how the body
works. For example, they will already know designed to keep something undesirable from
how the brain works, or how to nourish occurring
ourselves to live in a healthier way. By the
22nd century, people will probably live many a preparation that is intended to supply
hundreds of years. Medicine will not only cure a nutrient
more effectively but will also be preventive
before birth. Babies in the womb will already the average period that a person may expect
undergo health corrections, even the DNA to live
will be altered to cure or correct any error.
With the increase in life expectancy, experts
hope that living conditions will also improve 4 Circle the main idea of the text?
and that jobs won’t affect natural resources,
because there will be the food supplements.
In the future people will live longer
Another prediction is that people will not carry
money or cards anymore. The fingerprint will
be the only needed signal of identity. These

and more changes will change humans’ lives
drastically. Medicine in the future will treat and
prevent illnesses
30
Assessment What will I do in the future?
Listening Speaking
1 Listen to the following audio about the weather 3 Wall-e is a Disney pixar movie that shows a
forecast and determine if each of the following futuristic world. In an important scene Wall-e gives
statements are True(T), False(F), or Not her an old shoe with a plant. Draw the scene and
Mentioned(NM) in the audio. explain the emotion of Eva in the scene and why it
is important.
a. The average temperature
of the country is 7 centigrade.
b. The weather forecast is about

the weather until Friday.
c. The weather forecast is about

the south, north and east
of the country.
d. There will be a lot of sun Do you consider this film realistic? Do you think it
in the south. is a good movie or not? Explain. Who do you think
was the target audience for this movie?
e. There will be many clouds
on Tuesday in the north.
Grammar / Vocabulary
Speaking 4 What other movies, books or songs depict the future

and the differences? Write 2 sentences mentioning
2 Complete the phrases with the correct number. the song or movie and what changes there will be
a. Today, Saturday, March th. according to it.
b. The average temperature is centigrade.

very fast.
c. Let’s look ahead, your day forecast.
d. In the east of the country, the temperature will

be around centigrade. 1
e. On Tuesday there will be a high of
centigrade in the evening after a cold morning
with a low of centigrade.
f. On Monday it will be partly cloudy with

2
% of humidity, the temperature will feel like
centigrade.

I do it very well I do it somewhat I can I can’t do it
Topics well improve without help
I can make predictions about sports using will, going to

and vocabulary related to sports.
I can explain the future effects of climate change and

environmental damages using future structures.
I can describe technology advances and changes in the
future using will and going to.
31
English Guess what
Pedagogical Module 4 I learned today?
Tenth Grade EGB
Technological and electronical

4
So
devices and developments
3
ci
Past continuous
alS
tu
die
s
Inventions and
5 historical facts
Hi
Conditionals: review 2
st
or
ish
y
gl
Amazing
La
En
ng
Narratives and
Facts 6
ua
Reported speech:
1 biographies
ge
review
Around
an
d
the World
Li
te
ra
t
ur
e
Values
9 Democracy 8 Foresight 7
Our Normal World

Life as we know it seems very normal. However, we use daily, it was not easy for them to come up
everything that does not come directly from nature with these ideas. Many of the inventors had to try
without being transformed or altered by humans was multiple times to complete their inventions, others
created or invented by someone in the past. There did not know the importance of their inventions,
are many things without which we could not live nor did they receive any payment for them despite
today. Try to imagine how it would be if you woke up their value to humanity . In this unit, we will explore
tomorrow and there was no electricity. We wouldn’t the most important inventions and creations in
have refrigerators, there wouldn’t be any products in the history, their origins and their importance today.
supermarket, no internet, no phones. What would you In addition, we will imagine a world of probabilities
do in such a world? Well, at some time in the past people with and without the existence of inventions that
didn’t have all those things, but they were invented. make our life the way it is. What inventions do you
Likewise, for the creators of many of the things consider the most important?
• What other things wouldn’t you have if you didn’t have electricity?
• Has something been invented in your country/city?
• What type of characteristic must a person who invents something

have according to the text?
1
Lesson A

History
The Wheel
Do you think that the wheel
was an invention or
a discovery? Explain. There are many inventions that are made every year. Some good, some
bad, but few as wonderful, revolutionary and practical for the history of
mankind as the wheel. A world without wheels is unimaginable because
there are wheels in almost every object we. For example, transport or
the manufacture of products through machines would be practically
impossible if someone hadn’t invented the wheel.
The wheel, logical as we see it, is not logical at all. Unlike many other
inventions that were inspired by objects found in nature, the wheel is not
part of nature. There is no element in nature like a wheel and an axle.
We may consider the wheel as a basic and almost natural invention
and without it, almost nothing could have been done. However,
the wheel with an axle was created in the Bronze Age. This is a relatively
late historic period of mankind. Unlike other inventions, the wheel is not
the creation of a single person or the result of the combination of creations
Pixabay / Epodcaster
of several inventors. No one knows exactly who invented the wheel,

nor when. The first records of its use in 3500 B.C. in ancient Mesopotamia.
There is a record of the use of the wheel to make pottery from 5500
BC. However, the wheel alone would not have had such an impact on
the mobilization and consequent development of trade, the economy,
With a classmate discuss and everything. This was the result of the wheel and axle.
the the following questions. Retrieved from: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/a-salute-to-the-wheel-31805121/
•
life does the wheel affect
according to the text? Select the correct option.
• Have you ever thought of 1. If nobody had invented the wheel, we wouldn’t...
the importance of wheels?
have learned to communicate
• Why do you think
have invented machines
the wheel was invented
so late in history? have had crops
• How do you imagine life
before the wheel? 2. Trade and mobilization would have been almost impossible if the people
in Mesopotamia...
hadn’t invented the wheel
Vocabulary
had discovered pottery
mankind. human beings
considered collectively hadn’t found bronze
axle. a rod or spindle (either 3. If the wheel and axle had existed in nature, it would have been_______
to come up with the idea of wheel and axle.
through the center of a wheel
or group of wheels amazing
pottery. pots, dishes, and natural

other articles made of
impossible
earthenware or baked clay
2
Oral Communication
Can you imagine a life without wheels?
The Importance of the Wheel in History

Audio
Write or to the following statements. Correct the false Listen to the following
statements. conversation between
a teacher and two students.
a. If the teacher hadn’t selected Ruben, he wouldn’t have
shared his opinion.
b. The students would have known the structure of an

argumentative essay if the teacher hadn’t explained it. Work
at home will be divided for men and women.
c. According to Ruben, if nobody had invented the phone, we

wouldn’t have had any way to communicate.
d. If Ruben had given more supporting ideas, the teacher

would have been convinced.
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e. Amanda’s opinion is that we would have achieved the actual
state of development if nobody had invented the wheel.
f. If Amanda hadn’t mentioned phones, the teacher wouldn’t

have been convinced. Grammar Tip
Remember, conditionals are

sentences that show a cause
or situation and its real or
hypothetical consequence.
You have already learned
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zero, first, second, and third

conditionals. They are formed
by an if clause and the
consequence.
For example:
In your notebook, answer the following questions
a point away.
• Why did the teacher do this activity?
You won’t get all of the points
• Was Rubén interested in participating and sharing his opinion? if you write less.
• Did the teacher agree with Ruben?
• How many reasons does Ruben give to support his opinion?

Vocabulary
• Why does Amanda convince the teacher?
change one’s mind. have a
• Is Ruben completely convinced that the wheel is the best invention different opinion or plan than
made? Explain. you had originally
3
Reading
History
What are some geat and simple inventions you use a lot in your daily life?
Paper
Grammar Tip
1. Pay attention to the conditionals and try to distinguish which conditional
Remember that we use a comma they are.
when we write conditionals
after the if clause. However,
we don’t need a comma in the
middle when the if clause is at
the end of the sentence. For
example: In the history of mankind, there have been some inventions that
make it really difficult for us to imagine a life before them. One of them
is paper. We use paper every day in many ways. While it is true that
today we have digital books and can send emails and messagge instead of
him. letters, paper still plays a very important role in our lives.
Historians claimed that Cai Lun, a member of the Chinese court,
presented a piece of paper to the emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty
in 105 CE. However, there are archaeological records from western
China and Tibet that indicate the paper was invented earlier. If samples
of ancient paper from 200 BCE had not been found, we wouldn’t have
discovered that Cai Lun wasn’t the inventor of paper.
Discuss with a partner:
How is it possible for a piece of paper to survive from ancient times
• What is the story about? to the present? We owe this to the special weather conditions
• What would be the best of some parts of China. It is true that paper was a revolutionary
title for this text? Write your invention worldwide. However, before paper people had already
own title for this text. used other materials to write on. If no one had invented paper, some
cultures would have carved into stone or bone, and others would
have pressed stamps into clay and then dried or fired the tablets
to preserve their words. However, the whole story of humanity would
be different if nobody had come up with the idea of paper.
Retrieved from: https://www.thoughtco.com/
invention-of-paper-195265
Vocabulary
to owe. have an obligation 2. Complete the conditionals below with your own ideas and information
to pay in return for something from the text.
received
a. If Cai Lun had been the real inventor of paper,
bark. the tough protective
outer skin of the trunk,
branches, and twigs
of a tree or woody shrub b. If the weather in western China were different,
to carve
in order to produce a desired
shape c. If other cultures had used other materials,
clay. a layer in the soil that

can be molded when wet,
and is dried and baked to
d. If paper hadn’t been invented,
make bricks, pottery, and
ceramics
4
Social Studies
How did people spread knowledge in the past?
An Impressive Way to Distribute Art

Tip
Before you read a text for a better There are many ways to convey ideas in art, music, painting, fashion,
understanding of it, skim the text. among many others. Many of them use paper. If people hadn’t had the help
In other words, read it fast to get of the two inventions we have seen in this unit, paper and the wheel, we
a general idea. Look at the title, wouldn’t have had access to many art forms we have. However, there is
the heading of each section and another form of artistic expression that wouldn’t have been possible if a
the pictures. German man hadn’t come up with his invention and many other devices and
products related to it. Do you know who we refer to and what expression of
art he affected with his invention?
Retrieved from: https://www.thoughtco.com/johannes-gutenberg-and-the-printing-press-1991865 and https://
www.thoughtco.com/history-of-printing-and-printing-processes-1992329
Grammar Tip
Remember the second The Mind Behind Development

conditional is used to express
The answer is Johannes Gutenberg, and the expression of art he changed
hypothetical or unlikely or
forever is literature. Gutenberg was the inventor of a movable-type printing
unreal situations. It is formed by
press, and ink to make prints.
If + past simple + would + verb
Example: If I invented
I would be rich. Predecessors
Gutenberg’s method of printing remained for centuries after he died,
and so did his other technological innovations, such as punch-cutting,
type-casting, composing, and printing. He was born in the Gutenberg house
in Mainz and from there he got his name.However, a question that comes
to our mind now is, was Gutenberg the first to print texts? Was the idea
Value: Democracy born in Europe? The answer is no. In truth, historians do not know when
the first printed book in history was made. The oldest printed book that has
Just think about how been found is the “The Diamond Sutra”. This book was printed in China in
important the printed word is 868 CE. It is a roll of more than 5 meters still kept at the British Museum in
in a democracy. The opinions London. This text was produced at the time of the T’ang dynasty (618-906).
of many different people and At that time, the Chinese began making prints using ink on carved wooden
their ideas were read thanks blocks. This knowledge expanded and reached Korea around 1241. By the
to newspapers, and now year 1309, people in Europe began to make paper. It was not until 1423
electronically. Freedom that block printing was done for printing books in Europe and it was still
of expression is an important a quarter of a century before Gutenberg changed history with his invention.
part of democratic societies.
In your notebook, answer the following questions

Vocabulary • What is the text about?
to convey. make (an idea, • Why is literature mentioned in this text?
or understandable • How did Gutenberg’s invention affect art?

to someone
• Why isn’t there much information about Gutenberg’s life?
to remain. continue to exist
• Why do you believe it took Europe so long to adopt some inventions
to reach. get as far as made in other parts of the world?
6
Oral Communication
What happens if you change something from the past?
Actions and Consequences

1. X Audio
under , , o according Listen to the speakers talking
to who said it. There are some things that were said by more than about a movie and write
one person. down any unknown word.
(C) (O) (M) (S)
Can we change the future with our actions?

Every action we take has a consequence.
You can’t do anything if you don’t like the
consequences.
What did he say?
We saw a movie about this one year ago.
I can’t remember.
He didn’t come because he stayed with
grandma.
Do you want to stay here and watch the
fireworks?
We have to go to the doctor. I will call you
when we come out.
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They took my idea wrong for the movie.
2. Listen to the dialogue and repeat. Complete it using reported speech.

Oliver:
Caleb:
Oliver:
Caleb: Why not? How then?
Oliver:
Oliver: But that is not a complex system.
Caleb: Then how? Grammar Tip
Oliver: Remember that reported speech
is used to report or say what
have a good or bad grade in one exam. The grade of a single exam could a person said previously.
To form it, we use the verbs
Father: ‘said’, ‘told’, ‘asked’ to introduce
Caleb: the reported words.
Father: I didn’t. What did he say?
Caleb: He said
Oliver:
Father:
Caleb:
7
Lesson B
Where do inventions come from? Where are the best investigators and researchers from?
Great Minds from Latin America
1. Match the picture with the name of the inventor.

With a classmate, rank
the 4 inventions mentioned
in the audio from most to least a. Luis E. Miramontes c. Santos-Dumont
important according to you.
Explain your rank. b. Gonzales Camarena d. Paulet
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2. Listen to the audio and answer the following questions in your notebook.
Audio
Remember to use conditionals.
a. What is the audio about? Write a sentence with the main idea
of the audio.
b. How could inventors of smaller countries be more recognized?
c. What is a good invention?
d. Do you agree or disagree with the audio? Why?
e. What is the relation between Columbus and the whole text?
f. Why were squids important for aeronautics?
g. Explain what the following quote refers to: “If research received more
attention, more people would be interested in doing it in many study
areas”
3. Listen again, select the right option according to what you hear.
a. Europeans we speak about food

Vocabulary
come to our we mention discoveries
to rank. give (someone mind if...
we talk about planes
within a grading system
delayed. be late or slow b. If governments Cristobal Colon wouldn’t have been famous
had invested
squid. an elongated, more in there would be more inventors
fast-swimming ocean animal research in
with ten arms education would be free
Latin America...
rocketry. the branch
of science that deals with c. If Santos

rockets and rocket propulsion Dumont hadn’t
lived in France,
worthy. deserving effort,
he... wouldn’t have moved to Paris
attention, or respect
8
Oral Communication
Social Studies
What are some problems when several people meet to discuss someting?
Inventors at a Meeting
Audio
1. Listen to the dialogue and answer the following questions. Listen to the conversation
of 3 friends.
a. What are they talking about?
b. Make a list of 3 reasons why you think a meeting with many different Grammar Tip
inventors from throughout history could be a mess. Use the second
conditional. Remember Zero conditional
is used to talk about facts which
are generally true, or when
the same the result is always
1 the same. The Zero conditional
2 is formed by: Present simple +
present simple.
3
E.g.
2. Inventors explain their inventions. What happens if you use it? Complete
the conditional with the consequence and write the name of the household
appliance.
Listen to the conversation.
Kettle Oven Washing Machine Iron Were your predictions correct?
Write a check if you guess
Stove Refrigerator Vacuum cleaner Television correctly or an X if you don’t.
a. If you put water inside,
What is it?
b. If you heat your clothes with it,
What is it?
c. If you put your clothes inside with soap and water,
What is it?
d. If you want to see a soccer game or a movie,
What is it?
e. If you put a cooking pot on it,
What is it?
f. If you put a pizza inside the machine,

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What is it?
g. If you put ice cream inside,

What is it?
h.
What is it?
9
What would happen if everything was perfect?
Is Perfection Really Perfect?

World Fact
An Invention That Creates What is the perfect life for you? What do you consider the ideal
Messages life? Does technology make life easier? How would life be if we didn’t
need to struggle to get things? Well, technology has been developed by
There are many art forms today
humans to make our lives easier. However, do you think that an easier
that would not be possible
life is better? The main goal of humanity is developing technology that
if someone had not invented
reduces pain, stress, or any types of problems. However, the effects of
other devices in the past.
total happiness as a solution are part of a philosophical movement and it
Sometimes inventions don’t
has been represented in multiple types of art.
seem so important. But if we
do not think about everything Japanese animation is a type of art that portrays realistic and fictional
we can do with an invention worlds. The truth is, however, that the majority conveys a message or
and how it is related to other has a deeper meaning than the literal storyline. Some animes are based on
forms, we will not be able philosophical ideas. One anime that looks very nonsensical and childish is
to appreciate the true value One Punch Man. The story of Saitama, is about a bald man without any
of many inventions. The first superpower other than super strength that he got after training 3 years.
instruments used to record He is the strongest man in the whole universe, so, he can’t lose. Every
messages by means of drawing chapter ends with Saitama winning any fight with one single punch. It
were sharpened stones. doesn’t sound very interesting, does it? You could ask yourself who is
However, after hundreds of his opponent if everyone is weaker than him? Nobody. The enemy of
years humanity developed Saitama is boredom. One-Punch Man is the perfect portrayal of a life
and replaced many inventions with no obstacles, no problems, and no challenges. According to the
which led to fountain pens. Japanese philosopher Masahiro Morioka, a perfect life takes away the
chances to experience the joy of encountering an undesirable situation
Retrieved from: https://www.thoughtco.com/
brief-history-of-writing-4072560 and the obligation to transform ourselves to find a new way of being and
thinking.
Wikimedia Commons
Answer the following questions based on your personal experience

Vocabulary and the text you just read.
to struggle. work hard 1. What is the main idea of the text?

to achieve something
2. What did Masahiro Morioka say? Write it as a literal quote.
3. Do you agree or disagree with the idea of Masahiro Morioka? Explain.
to convey. communicate
4. What would happen if life was perfect and completely easy?
nonsensical. foolish
or unacceptable behavior
Have you ever felt like Saitama? In your notebook, write a 90 word letter
punch. to your best friend. Explain what should change for you to feel differently.
For example, If I had to study more, I would….

boredom. the state of feeling
bored If you haven’t felt like Saitama, in your notebook write a 90 word letter
to someone you know explaining how you avoid this feeling and give
undesirable. not wanted some advice to feel better. Use conditionals to explain your ideas better.
10
Reading
Why is it important to think before acting? What happens when we do things without thinking?
A destructive Invention
Before Reading
1. Read a page of a diary. Pay attention to the conditionals. Underline with
Look at the picture and imagine one line the if clauses and with two lines the consequences.
what the situation is. Without
For example: If I hadn’t said her secret she wouldn’t have gotten angry.
reading the text, make a prediction
of what the text will be about.
I can’t hold it anymore. I must accept it. I regret my invention

more than anything. It has not caused anything but death and
regrets. I see those cities in Japan devastated and
wouldn’t be in so much pain. I regret every time I see people crying

and the few survivors who wouldn’t have lost their homes and families
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If I hadn’t collaborated to create this destructive and dangerous

weapon
and I can’t change the past.
Grammar Tip Hopefully
Remember the third conditional 10-inventors-who-came-to-regret-their-creations
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is used to talk about an imaginary
past that did not happen. It is
formed with past perfect + would
have +past participle. Answer the following questions:
For example, If I had studied • What does Einstein regret in his diary?
I would have gotten a better grade.
• How involved was Einstein in the fabrication of the bomb?
• What were the effects of the bomb?
2. Select and according to what you read.

Vocabulary
a. The Germans developed an atomic bomb.
to regret. feel sad,
b. Einstein was the person who made the atomic bomb.
or disappointed about
something that happened c. Oppenheimer was able to create the bomb without help.
weapon. a thing designed d. Japan suffered a lot due to the bomb.

or used to cause harm
e. Oppenheimer dropped the bomb.
hopefully. with an optimistic
opinion about the future f. Einstein felt guilty about what happened.
12
Assessment Guess what I learned today?
Reading
1 Read the following text. b. The mayor will rebuild the houses with a
colonial style
The candidates for mayor already Yes
present their proposals.
No
On Monday, the candidates for mayor presented Maybe

their work plans and proposals at a press
conference. Among the most popular proposals c. After the new shopping centers are built, people
is the reconstruction of houses in the historic
center in the colonial style, if the owners won’t be allowed to sell on the streets
of the houses or institutions give permission. won’t be allowed to sell anywhere else
In addition, street sales will be eliminated,
and larger shopping centers will be built will be allowed to sell in the shopping
throughout the city and fairs regulated by the centers and the streets
mayor’s office. The people who continue selling Writing
after that will be economically punished. One
3 Imagine you are the other candidate for mayor and
of the most popular candidates, Rodríguez, has
you want to present your proposals on twitter.
proposed to end the insecurity. This morning
In your notebook write 6 proposals and why they are
Rodriguez said: “If we integrate a network
good or important. You can also criticize what the
of cameras and locate metropolitan police
previous mayor did. For example: “If we integrate a
throughout the city, we will control insecurity
network of cameras and locate metropolitan police
in the city” The other candidate with high
throughout the city, we will control insecurity in
chances of winning has decided to present
the city.” Or “If the previous mayor had done this,
his proposals in a creative way through tweets.
that wouldn’t have happened”.
Vocabulary
2 Choose the correct option. 4 Choose 3 new words that you learned in this
module. On the lines below, write 3 sentences and
a. Who proposed to rebuild the houses in the include one new word in each sentence.
historic center?
Everyone 1
Rodriguez 2
Unknown 3

I can listen and talk about inventors and inventions.
I can talk about facts that are true using the zero conditional.
conditional.
I can write and speak about a different past or express regrets
using the third conditional.
15
Lesson C

History
Is breakfast important? What do you usually have for breakfast?
Where Do Corn Flakes Come From?
Many of the things we have today are the result of years of research
and work. Many inventors were trying and trying many times until they
got their inventions to work as they had wished. However, there are other
inventors who found their products or machines by accident. That is the
case of a meal that is part of the breakfast of many people around the
world, corn flakes. Corn flakes seem like a very simple and basic invention;
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But it wasn’t until 1894 when people started eating this type of cereal
for breakfast. The Kellogg brothers, John Harvey and Will Keith, were
working in Michigan at Battle Creek Sanitarium when they discovered
the famous cereal. The brothers were working there place because they
were following the moral principles of Seventh-day Adventism. They
were also investigating the effects of diet on patients. While they were
World Fact doing an experiment in 1894, one of the brothers was cooking wheat. He
let the dough dry a little, but it dried too much and when he was trying
Breaking the fast to roll it out. The dough broke into many pieces. Kellog, who wanted to
“Breakfast is the most know how these flakes tasted, baked them. Then he replaced wheat flour
important meal of the the day,” with cornmeal and it became one of the most popular cereals in the world.
is a phrase known worldwide.
Parents do not get tired
of repeating it when we are
1. Answer the questions according to the reading.
children. But how true is it that
the most important meal of
the day is breakfast? The truth a.
is that the first meal of the day
helps our body recover from
the previous night. This is b. What religion did the Kellog bothers practice?
because at night the body to get
energy and be ready for the rest
of the day. c.
Retrieved from: http://www.bbc.com/future/
health
2. Choose the correct option.
a.
were living in a sanitarium.
were working in a sanitarium.
Vocabulary were researching in an orphanage.
sanitarium. an institutions b.
for the medical treatment
of people who have a chronic teaching the effects of diet.
illness
describing the effects of cereals.
wheat. a cereal plant. Its grain
investigating the effects of diet.
bread, pasta, pastry
18
Oral Communication
What are some beverages you drink regularly?
An Idea Popped Into My Head.
Listen to the audio. Decide if the statements are or .

Audio
What were they doing? Listen to the dialogue.
a. The girls were talking about what they were doing
last night before going to sleep.
b. Claire was looking a documentary.
c. Katy was brushing her teeth when she saw a shooting star.
d. According to Claire, inventors were thinking

and thinking for years until they got their brilliant ideas.
e. The inventor of Coca cola was selling the soda before

it was banned from public.
f. Katy asked herself where cola came from while

she was opening a soda can.
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Create a hypothesis of what the inventor was doing when they invented
their product. You may choose any invention or product you want for
this activity.
Go around the class asking your classmates what they think and
complete the sentences.
Example: Grammar Tip
Invention Answer Name Remember that to talk about

an action or past event that is
Corn Flakes He was preparing dinner Carlos
interrupted by another, we use
the past continuous. It is formed
with the Subject + was/were +
verb -ing.
Invention Answer Name
E.g.: I was watching
Vocabulary
3
syrup. a thick sweet liquid
made by dissolving sugar
in boiling water, often used
4 for preserving fruit
shooting star. a small, rapidly

moving meteor burning
5 up on entering the earth’s
atmosphere
19
Reading
Do people travel by boat these days? Where? How far? What for?
The Coldest Night at Sea

Before Reading
• Look at the picture and On the night of April 14, 1912; the captain of a ship received the news
the title of the text. What do that there were icebergs on the route. So, to avoid accidents, he changed the
you think the reading will be route of his ship. At 9:40 pm, when a boat named Mesaba sent a warning to
about? say that there was an ice field, Jack Phillips, the radio operator of the boat
• Have you ever sailed on was delivering messages to passengers and never delivered this message.
a boat? For how long? At 11 pm, the passengers were tired and were going to their rooms to sleep.
Was there any problem? At 11:35, the lookout Frederick Fleet was looking to check if there was an
iceberg in front of the boat when he saw an iceberg in the sea and rang the bell
• What are the risks of traveling to announce what he saw. Another worker gave an order
by boat? and the ship was then going to the left and the
engines were reversing when the side of the
boat struck an iceberg. A crew member
informed the captain that the mailroom
was filling with water. The designer of
the boat calculated that the ship had only
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one or two hours before sinking.
Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/story/
Do you know which ship the text is about? What do you know about
this ship?
1. Put the events in order. Write the number next to the sentence to put
the events in chronological order.
Phillips was taking messages to different people on the boat.

Vocabulary
Mesaba was sending alerts to the boat.
iceberg
of ice detached from a glacier The boat changed the route to avoid icebergs.
or ice sheet and carried out
to sea The lookout was checking the sea to look for icebergs.
warning. a statement or signal
about a possible danger
or a problem
The passengers were going to sleep.
lookout. a person stationed
to keep watch for danger
2. Place the events of the narration on timeline in chronological order.
or trouble
Draw a for the events in past continuous and a for the events
to strike. hit against in simple past.

something
to sink. go to the bottom

of the sea
20
Social Studies
How do you share art with the world?
What Did The Internet Do For the Arts?
The internet marked a before and after in history. Social networks gave
people access to works of art from thousands of authors and artists. People
can not only access the works of famous authors, but any artist or person
can also share their art with other people from anywhere in the world.
The inclusion of cameras on smartphones was another way of creating art
that has led people previously unknown to become artists or celebrities.
The internet is the home to hundreds of applications, social networks,
and platforms where hundreds of new artists or people who want to
share or present their work can reach millions of people. People like
Justin Bieber, Adele, Charlie Puth, Tori Kelly and Ed Sheeran became
famous after putting covers on YouTube or their own songs on other
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platforms. And although they are the most recognized, there are many
other artists such as illustrators, fashion designers, photographers, actors,
actresses, models, and many other artists who have gained worldwide
fame thanks to the internet. The internet also helps spread the news of
cultural events such as exhibitions or galleries, as well as presentations,
films and concerts.
Retrieved from: https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/
how-the-internet-changed-art-steven-murphy/index.html
1. Make a list of 3 artists that you know about that got got famous on the
Go around the class asking internet.
one question to a different
classmate until you got 1
responses. 2
2. What were they doing when they got discovered?
3. Fill in the following questionnaire:
Classmate’s Famous Platform What was

name Artist or website he/she doing?
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22
Oral Communication
Social Studies
Is it a career that you might be interested in?
What is electrical and electronic engineering? What do electrical and electronic engineers do?
Becoming an Engineer
1. ListenWould
to the interview and answer Audio
What I do Without It?the following questions.
Listen
Audio to the dialogue.
a. Who is Niklas Barley? Listen to the dialogue.
Grammar Tip
b. What was he doing the day he decided what he wanted to study? Fac t use direct
Remember World that we
speech to quote the same words
Electrical
that a personandsaid.
electronic
To do this,
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c. When did Niklas decided he wanted to study industrial engineering? engineers do more than we“ ”.
we need quotation marks:
believe.
On Theirhand,
the other workreported
is really
1. Listen to the audio about 5 inventors who developed electronic important. Most
speech is used to say whatof the things
d. Was the family
engineering for orinvention.
with their against Niklas’ decision?
Put them in order of birth. we use in our daily
someone said, but using other lives would
not exist
words andand wouldquotation
without not work
Inventor Date of birth Nationality Invention as they do if they
marks. We usually change did not dothe
their job. That is, if
tense of the verbs. From presentelectrical
2. Are the following statements and ? and electronic engineers did not
to past and from past to past
exist, we would not have cars,
perfect.
a. The radio program is on in the morning.
alarms, telephones, televisions,
Look at the examples below.
b. Niklas has not graduated. computers, telephones, radio,
Direct
virtualspeech:
assistants “I am
such ready for the
as Alexa,
test because I went to
internet, Wi-Fi, heating, airstudy.”
c. Niklas always wanted to be an engineer.
Reported
conditioning speech:
or many other
d. Niklas went with his whole school to the cups factory. was ready because
devices that we use he had everygone
day.to
2. Go around the class, ask 5 classmates what would happen if electrical study.
e. Niklas had the idea to change the production of cups Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/
afterclassmates
of your they had listened
about 5toinventors/inventions.
the explanation of the boss
f. Niklas wasn’t completely sure your

How would afterlife
that
be moment
if electricalthat
and electronic
Classmate’s name
he wanted to study engineering.
engineers and their inventions didn’t exist?
g. The brother of Niklas told him medicine

and engineering were related.
3. What words were actually said when the person spoke? Listen again.
Choose 4 phrases of the interview and write them in reported and in
direct speech. For example: Vocabulary
Reported speech: The host said that they had a young student that day.
to rule. exercise ultimate
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Direct speech: Host: “We have a young student today.”

3. Think about 5 different devices/machines you sometimes use and write power or authority over
them in the chart below. Ask 5 classmates how often they use the item.
device. something made
Reported speechDevice /
Classmate’s Direct speech or adapted for a particular
name Machine How often do you use the invention? purpose, especially a piece
Father: “ of mechanical or electronic
equipment
Brother: “ kite. a small plane-like toy on
Vocabulary
lightning
light. in the sky which
a particular is
branch
Mother: “ naturally
of study or caused electricity
interest
25
23
Lesson D

History
How many inventors are there in various countries around the world?
Where Do Many Inventors Live?
Where do inventors live? What is the

country with the most inventors? What
does it take to be an inventor and how are
inventions made? Where do ideas come from?
According to the popular saying, creativity comes
from necessity. Only when people encounter an
obstacle or feel they could develop a device to
make their lives easier, do they work on any idea
until they complete it. However, today it seems that
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there are no more obstacles or difficulties. It is as if all

our needs have been covered.
The truth is, however, that some inventions are the result of scientific
discoveries. For example, someone develops an abstract scientific theory
and an inventor applies that theory and manages to create a product
or invent something. This is the case of the invention of fingerprint
identification that occurred as a result of discoveries about DNA.
Another way that new inventions are made is trial and error. Many
inventions, current and ancient, were made based on trying and failing
Make groups and debate. countless times.
1. Why do you think that The United States is the country with the largest number of major
the US is the country inventions and Taiwan is the country with the largest number
with the greatest number of inventors in relation to its population. For every 1000 inhabitants,
of important inventions? there are 23.4 inventors. An interesting fact is that in the USA
2. Why do you think the inventors are grouped in a few cities. More than 60 percent
Ecuador is not on the list of patents in the US come from inventors that live in only 20 cities. Most
of countries with a great inventors live or work in the vicinity of top universities and research
number of inventions? centers of companies.
3. If you could change
Retrieved from: https://educacionecuadorministerio.blogspot.com/2018/02/lista-de-carreras-
the situation for inventors universitarias-ecuador-mas-demandadas.html
in Ecuador what would
you do?
1. Make a list of 3 inventions made in your region.
2. Make an action plan and a list of proposals you would apply if you were
the president of Ecuador to increase the number of inventions and
inventors in the country.
Vocabulary
a. Use conditionals to explain why your ideas are good and what would
inhabitant. a person or animal be the effect of each of your proposals if they were applied.
that lives in or occupies
a place b. Make a poster and present it to the class.
24
Oral Communication
Is it a career that you might be interested in?
Becoming an Engineer
1. Listen to the interview and answer the following questions. Audio
a. Who is Niklas Barley?
Grammar Tip
b. What was he doing the day he decided what he wanted to study?
Remember that we use direct
speech to quote the same words
that a person said. To do this,
c. When did Niklas decided he wanted to study industrial engineering?
we need quotation marks: “ ”.
On the other hand, reported
speech is used to say what
d. Was the family for or against Niklas’ decision? someone said, but using other
words and without quotation
marks. We usually change the
tense of the verbs. From present
2. Are the following statements and ?
to past and from past to past
a. The radio program is on in the morning. perfect.
Look at the examples below.
b. Niklas has not graduated. Direct speech: “I am ready for the
test because I went to study.”
c. Niklas always wanted to be an engineer.
Reported speech:
d. Niklas went with his whole school to the cups factory. was ready because he had gone to
study.
e. Niklas had the idea to change the production of cups
after they had listened to the explanation of the boss
f. Niklas wasn’t completely sure after that moment that

he wanted to study engineering.
g. The brother of Niklas told him medicine

and engineering were related.
3. What words were actually said when the person spoke? Listen again.
Choose 4 phrases of the interview and write them in reported and in
direct speech. For example:
Reported speech: The host said that they had a young student that day.
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Direct speech: Host: “We have a young student today.”
Reported speech Direct speech
Father: “
Brother: “
Vocabulary
. a particular branch
Mother: “ of study or interest
25
Social Studies
What types of machines can be powered by solar or alternative energy?
The Advantages of Solar Energy

World Fact
Answer the following questions.
Solar energy is a good • Should Ecuador use solar energy?
alternative to generate energy
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of this type of energy?
in an ecological way. In a Write 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages.
country like Ecuador that
receives more sun than other Advantages Disadvantages
parts of the world directly
all year round, why don’t we 1
produce more solar energy?
Because of its location, 2
Ecuador could take advantage
of the amount of sun
it receives to produce First, the money paid for electricity is less when solar energy is used.
solar energy. In other words, electricity bills are reduced if a person has their own solar
energy system. Second, solar energy can be used for multiple applications
such as heating water and charging batteries. Third, solar energy systems
do not need great care, as they are quite resistant. They only need to be
cleaned a few times a year.
On the other hand, the first disadvantage of solar energy is the price.
Maintaining a solar energy system is not expensive and the electricity bills
are reduced significantly. However, the installation is not cheap. Second,
it is weather dependent. However, since Ecuador receives 12 hours of
sunlight every day of the year, solar energy is not difficult to produce.
How do you listen to music?

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Live the new sound experience. Enjoy

Spectacular sound with noise-cancelling
the 3D sound of Naga headphones. technology.
Forget about having to recharge and
Normal price: $1000,00
PROMOTION. If you are one
battery can be charged with solar energy.
45% discount. If you. use the code The headband of Naga headphones has
Vocabulary
battery.
headphones. a set of small Charging time is incredibly short. You
speakers that cover the ears
which allow only the person you’ve never imagined!
one hour of exposure to the sun.
wearing the headphones
to hear
headset. a set of headphones,

Imagine you are developing a set of headphones. What other

typically with a microphone characteristics would you add? Which features would you take away?
attached, used especially Create your own advertisement. Make a poster where you explain the
in telephone and radio functions and characteristics of your headphones/headset. Present it to
communication your class.
28
Assessment Guess what I learned today?
Listening Grammar/Vocabulary
Have you read “The Little Prince” by Saint-Exupéry? 5 Read the following quotes that changed history.
Imagine how would life have been if these people had
1 Listen to an excerpt of the second chapter of “The never said them. Choose 1 quote and explain your
Little Prince” from Antoine De Saint-Exupéry. Pay fictitious scenario in a 70-90 words paragraph.
attention to the direct and reported speech sentences.
6 Write a 70-90 word paragraph about an invention
2 Answer to the following questions about the audio that you use a lot. It can NOT be your phone or
in your notebook. computer. It can be something simple at home.
a. Why was it hard to get to know to “The Little Explain what it is, what it does, why you like it, how
prince”? often you use it, what you would do if you didn’t
have it, etc.
b. How did the protagonist learn where “The Little
prince” came from?
c. What did the little prince ask when he saw the Introduction:
airplane?
d. What was the reaction of the little prince when
he learned that an airplane can fly?
e. Who said the last phrase? 1
3 Select 2 phrases said on the audio and turn them into

reported speech. Don’t forget to change the tense.
3
2
Speaking
4 Work in pairs. Imagine you are a journalist and
you just interviewed an inventor. Create your own Conclusion:
dialogue using direct and reported speech. Then
role play it in front of your class. Write the dialogue
in your notebook.

I can report what another person said or asked.
I can talk about an event that happened for a period of time in the
past using the past continuous.
conditional.
I can talk about inventions, inventors, and historical facts using
vocabulary related to these topics.
31
English How would you handle
Pedagogical Module 5 an emergency?
Tenth Grade EGB
Conditional phrases 5
So
Emergencies
6
c
around the world
ia
Stl
Modal of deduction 4
ud
ie
s
People in
7 emergencies
Hi
Causative verbs 3
st
or
ish
y
gl
La
It's an
En
Reported questions 2 Filling out an
ng
8
ua
accident report
Emergency
g
e
an
d
Future with “will”
Li
1
te
and “going to”
ra
urt
e
Values
11 Environmental care 10 Empathy 9 Preparation
This is an emergency!
Every day many people live through
unexpected situations that are
beyond their control, put them at
risk and require immediate action.
These are called emergencies.
When facing these situations it is
necessary to make quick and correct
decisions because a decision during
an emergency can be the difference
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between someone's life or death.
What do you consider an emergency? In pairs make a list of 5 situations that you
consider an emergency and 5 situations that are confused with emergencies.
1
Lesson A
What should you do when an emergency happens?
911
Whenever someone needs help immediately because they are injured

or in danger of getting injured, you must call 911. For example, in the
following situations, call 911:
• A fire.
• After an automobile accident, or an overdose of drugs or alcohol.
• When someone can't breathe because of an illness or if someone is not
conscious.
• Someone is choking.
• When someone is breaking into a house or private property.
pik
ee
Another very important thing is to know what information you should

Fr
provide so the 911 dispatch operator can help you. First, you should say
what the emergency is. Then, where you are or where the emergency is.
Finally, if you are you alone or with someone and who needs help.
Retrieved from: https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/emergencies.html
1. Work with a partner to discuss and answer the following questions.

Discuss in groups. a. What are some examples of serious emergencies?
• Have you ever called to
911? What happened?
• Did you give the right

information according
to what we read? Explain.
• What information did you b. Why do you think it is important to call and give information before
give? Did your call help the anything else?
situation? How?
Vocabulary
injured. harmed, damaged, 2. Imagine an emergency happened right now where you are. What
or impaired information would you give to the dispatcher? Write the information you
have to give to the 911 dispatch operator. Check the text above for help.
choke.
in breathing because of a
constricted or obstructed a.
throat or a lack of air
b.
dispatcher/dispatch operator.
a person who receives c.

messages and organizes
d.
the movement of people
or vehicles
2
Oral Communication
What are some things that people can do to prepare for an emergency?
Be Prepared!
1. Listen to part 1 of the report about emergencies.

Audio
2. In pairs discuss what we must do to prepare for an emergency.
Write 2 recommendations on the lines below.
a.
After listening to the

audio, check to see if
b. your recommendations
were included. Which
recommendations will
3. Listen to part 2 and circle the correct answer to complete the statements you do in the future?
below.
a. The instructions given are for

• dispatchers.
• anyone.
• only for those who have lived an emergency.
b. During an emergency
• it is impossible to call an ambulance.
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• people can’t get what they need.
• people may forget the instructions of dispatchers.
c. The best we can do before an emergency is to

• be prepared for the emergency.
• prevent the emergency. Value: Preparation
• foresee the emergency.

How important is it to be
prepared for an emergency?
d.
We can prevent a fatal
• to prevent. situation by knowing how
• to experience an emergency. to act before, during and after
an emergency.
• to minimize the damage.
Just a few minutes of planning
4. Write True(T) or False(F) in front of the statements below. can keep your whole family
safer in an emergency.
a. During an emergency, we must ask ourselves what the
most complex part of the emergency is.
b. We must categorize the priorities of an emergency to plan

for the next emergency.
Vocabulary
c. It is helpful to respond to the most urgent thing.
change one's mind. adopt
d.
a different opinion or plan
extinguisher.
3
Reading
History
How important is empathy when you are a 911 dispatcher? What other characteristics are important?
Qualities of a 911 Dispatcher

Value: Empathy
Empathy is very important If someone asked the 911 dispatcher, Donna Reneau, she would
because it helps us understand confirm that a lack of empathy can destroy your career as a 911 dispatcher.
how others are feeling. It is In August 2019, Debbie Stevens called 911 at 4 am after she was swept
like being in someone else’s away by floodwaters while she was delivering newspapers in her car.
shoes. As a dispatcher, the However, Reneau, the dispatcher, did not handle the call very well. In
life of other people depends the police recordings, she asked where Ms. Stevens was, and repeated to
on your understanding of a sobbing Ms. Stevens, “This will teach you next time, don’t drive in the
their situation, and a quick water” and “You put yourself in danger”.
response. We should also
show empathy for people Stevens died from drowning after 22 minutes on the line with Reneau
even when situations are begging for help and explaining that she could not swim.
not an emergency. In simple The police department informed the public that after the event Debbie
terms, consider how the other Reneau handed in her resignation.
person feels.
Retrieved from: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/01/us/arkansas-911-dispatcher.html
Grammar Tip
When we use reported

questions, we usually need to words and why it was important in this situation.
change the pronouns, time,
place and tense (to its past
form/a backshift). The word 1. Work in small groups. Discuss possible answers to the questions
order also changes. It doesn’t below. Think about other questions that could be asked about what
happened.
have the order of a question,
but of a normal sentence. When
• Why did Ms. Stevens call 911? What was Reneau’s mistake?
reporting Wh questions, we
introduce the question with the • What should Reneau have done during the 911 call?
verb “asked + wh”. To report
• Was Reneau’s resignation the correct decision?
yes/no questions we use “asked
if” or “asked whether.” Do, 2. Write the letter of the sentence in direct speech next to the same
does and did are NOT used in sentence written in reported speech.
reported questions.
For example:
Direct speech Reported speech
Direct yes/no question
She said “Mario, do you like the a. Ms. Reneau: “Where are you The dispatcher asked what
picture?” Ms. Stevens?” she was doing.
Reported yes/no questions
b. Ms. Stevens: “Where are the Ms. Reneau asked Ms.
She asked Mario if he liked the
police?” Stevens where she was.
picture.
Direct Wh question c. Dispatcher: “What are you Ms. Reneau asked if Ms.
Mark asked “Where does Gaby doing?” Stevens was hurt.
live?” d. Ms. Reneau: “Are you hurt Ms. Stevens asked where the
Reported Wh question Ms. Stevens?” police were.
Mark asked where Gaby lived.
4
How stressful would it be to have a job as a 911 dispatcher?
The Call
The Oscar winner Halle Berry and Oscar nominee Abigail Breslin made
a movie in 2013 called “The Call”.
This movie is about a 911 dispatcher who loses self-confidence because
she made a very serious mistake that cost a girl's life. Later, the same
dispatcher is in another situation with the same criminal. A girl makes a call
to ask for help because she was kidnapped, and put in the trunk of a car. The
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dispatcher makes a promise and tells the girl that working together they will
save her life.
From then on, the dispatcher makes an effort to find the girl who gives
her instructions and hints on how to find her. The movie is a mix of action
and suspense with an unexpected ending.
Retrieved from: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_call_2013make
Circle the letter that is the 1. Write the letter of the expression next to the picture it describes.
main idea of the passage? a. Make a mistake d. Make an effort
a. The girl was in the trunk of b. Make a call e. Give instructions
the car.
c. Make a promise
b. The movie is about a
dispatcher tries to recover a
girl who is kidnapped.
c. The dispatcher faced the

same criminal who killed a
girl before.
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2. Complete the sentences by writing the correct expressions from exercise

1 in the blank spaces. Be careful to change he verb tense if needed and
add words if necessary.
Vocabulary a. Oh no! I in a question of the test. I will lose a point.
. a feeling b. that you will

of trust in one's abilities, respect each other.
qualities, and judgment
c. I don’t know how to handle this machine. Can you to
to kidnap. take (someone) do it correctly?
away illegally by force,
d. A: I don’t understand it!
typically to obtain a ransom

B: Come on, Anita. and you will understand it.
trunk. the storage
compartment of an e. Excuse me, may I use your phone? I need to .
automobile
6
Oral Communication
Have you ever called 911 for an emergency? What was the situation?
“Hello. What is the Emergency?”
1. Before you listen, look at the image. What is happening? Discuss possible
answers with a classmate. Audio
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Tip
2. Mrs. Valencia is calling 911. Listen to the conversation. Was your guess
correct? Work with a partner to discuss the questions below. Make sure everyone in your
home knows how to dial 911,
• What is the problem?
and what information to give
• What information does the dispatcher ask for? the dispatchers. This includes
young children, who may be
• How would you handle a similar situation? responsible for calling 911 if
an adult is in an emergency.
3. Listen to the conversation again. Read the statements and write True(T)
or False(F).
a.
b. The 911 dispatcher asks for the address.
c. Mrs. Valencia lives next to a hospital.
d. Mr. Valencia had a heart attack before.
e. The dispatcher tells Mrs. Valencia she can give her Write ideas in your notebook
husband aspirin. to prepare for the role-play
described below.
4. Listen to the questions the dispatcher asks on the audio. With a partner •
practice asking and answering the questions below with a calm and clear 911 because you had an
voice.
a. What is your emergency? •
b. Where do you live? of student A and you have

to help him/her.
c. Are you alone or with someone?
7
Lesson B
Where does the number 911 for emergencies come from?
The History of 911
911 was born as 999 in the UK. It was chosen because it was almost
impossible to dial it by mistake on old pulse-dial phones. The number 911
was designated in the 1950s in Canada, and years later in the US by the
fire departments to ensure public safety. Firefighters didn't want people
to call different numbers for different emergencies. They wanted to give
a centralized public health service. They chose 911 because it was easy to
remember, easy to dial, and had never been used.
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The number 911 is not the emergency number around the world. In
Europe, you must dial 112, in China and Hong Kong 999, in Australia
000, in New Zealand 111, in Bolivia 118, and in Brazil 192. In many other
countries, there are different emergency numbers.
In summary, there is a centralized number to handle emergencies in
every country. Therefore, if you travel to another country, you should ask
for what number to dial in an emergency since that information since it can
save your life.
Retrieved from: https://www.medicalalertadvice.com/articles/the-history-of-911/
1. Work with a partner and discuss the following questions.

Tip a. Where does the number 911 for emergencies come from?
When you read, look at the
title and subtitles and try to
guess the information and b. Why were 999 and 911 chosen? In your opinion, which is better?
vocabulary that you will find
in the text. This will prepare
you to understand the content c. Why do you think that there isn’t just one emergency number
more easily. worldwide?
2. Complete the sentences with information from the text above.
a. To have an emergency centralized number is important because
b. To know the emergency number of different countries is important
c. .
3. In groups, discuss what emergency number or numbers are there

available where you live. When were they established? Who designated
Vocabulary
these numbers?
to dial. press the numbers to

make a telephone call
to ensure. guarantee
8
Oral Communication
Can you plan ahead for emergencies? What can you do to prevent them?
Thinking Ahead
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1.
children. Then complete the sentences below with information from the Audio
audio. Listen to the dialogue.
a. The father/mother wants to .
b. They know how to act if someone .
2. Monica is also in the airport. Predict where is she going to travel to?
Grammar Tip
3. Read the questions. Then listen to the second part of the conversation
and circle the correct answer. Remember we use will and
going to to talk about the
a. Mónica is going to spend her vacation in future.
• Stockholm.
Use will to express promise or
• Madagascar. willingness to do something
right away.
• The Amazon.
Use going to to talk about plans
b. Monica knows the other person from
or things that someone intends
• school. to do in the future.
• work. Examples:
• travel. I'll get milk on the way home.
c. What is Monica sure about? I'm going to study economics.
• She is going to travel alone.
• She is going to spend time with the family.
• There is nothing to worry about.
d. Which of the following is Monica not going to have with her all the time?
Discuss. What type of photos
• Binoculars. do you think Monica is going
• Compass. the Amazon to take pictures

of?
• Camera.
9
The Discovery of a Different World
Ecuador is a country with four regions: The coast, highlands, Amazon,

and the Galapagos Islands. The Amazon is a region full of wonders, but also
full of dangers. In 1541, Gonzalo Pizarro started a trip from Quito to the
Amazon. Once in the jungle, he and his men sailed, but they didn't find what
they were looking for. Instead, they were in awful conditions, so hungry
that they ate their dogs and horses. Pizarro sent Francisco de Orellana,
his second in command, and 50 other men to find food and be back in 15
days. However, after they separated, it was impossible for Orellana to come
back. So, he was elected captain of his crew, and together they sailed the
entire Amazon River until they reached the Atlantic Ocean. For months,
Fray Gaspar de Carvajal wrote a book about crossing the continent and
the experiences the crew had to live through: the lack of food, the diseases,
the dangers and emergencies that they had to face until they finished their
journey. This book is very valuable for literature and history.
Pixabay/DEZALB
Retrieved from: https://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/historia/grandes-reportajes/

la-exploracion-del-amazonas_8500/6
Dangers in the Amazon

If you have ever been in the Amazon, you know how amazingly beautiful
and big it is; full of wonders we cannot find anywhere else. However, unless
you are an expert on plants and animals, you should be informed of the risks
there are before traveling to the Amazon. First, illnesses. It is not uncommon
for tourists to get sick while traveling through the Amazon. The biggest
threat are mosquitoes which carry yellow fever and malaria. Another issue
visitors may find is getting sick from food or water. Their immune system
is not used to the different bacteria in the food and water. Also, the weather
Tip can be the cause of problems. The wet season in the Amazon is no joke.
It lasts 6 months, from October to May, and in March and April there are
When you read, think what heavy rains which can lead to floods and very strong river currents.
the purpose of the author of
this text is. Does the author Retrieved from: https://traveltips.usatoday.com/amazon-rainforest-survival-guide-1156.html
want to inform you with facts,
to entertain you with a story 1. In the text “Dangers in the Amazon”, the author’s purpose is to:
or to convince you to agree
with a specific idea?
a. Entertain
b. Inform
c. Persuade
2. Work in small groups and discuss the questions below. In your notebook,
answer the questions based on your discussion and the text you just read.
a. Do you think Orellana’s and Pizarro’s crew had to face any of the
dangers mentioned in the second text?
b. Why do you think that people respect and applaud what Francisco de
Orellana did?
10
Oral Communication
Why is it important to communicate information correctly during an emergency?
The Deadly Amazon
Home to ten percent of the known species in the world, the Amazon
rainforest has some of the rarest and most unique forms of life on the planet.
Some of the most dangerous and deadly species in the world also live there.
Therefore, nature lovers have to be careful when traveling through the
Amazon because of animals such as the jaguar, the green anaconda, the toxic
poison dart frog, the electric eel, the piranha, the giant yellow-leg centipede
and mosquitos.
Retrieved from: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-most-dangerous-animals-of-the-amazon-
rainforest.html
1. Monica arrived in the Amazon. What kind

of problem do you think Monica had? What
are common problems for travelers in the
Amazon? Discuss these questions with a
partner or in a small group.
2. Listen to Monica's phone call to her mother.

Audio
Freepik
3. Now listen to the conversation later between Monica's parents. Put the
following phrases in order from 100% certainty to 0% certainty.
a. She must be feeling healthy now. Grammar Tip
We use modals to make

b. It might be an infection.
deductions. That is, to
c. She can't feel completely healthy yet. express conclusions from the
information we have or had
d. Monica may have a translator. available. Use can, could, may
or might to express that you
e. It could be a cold. are not certain of something.
Use must to show that you are

almost certain and use can’t
What do you consider the greatest danger in the Amazon? Brainstorm to show that you are sure that
with a partner to discusss possible answers. something is not possible.
11
Reading
How well are humans coexisting with nature? Give examples.
The Real Risk in the Amazon
1. Before reading: Look at the picture and imagine what the situation is.
Read the title and predict what the main idea of the article might be?
We often think about the risks that humans have when going to the
Amazon rainforest. We talk about deadly animals that could kill a man
in a matter of minutes. However, we should stop for a moment to think.
Pixabay/Picography
Who is really in danger in that environment? How many cases of deaths

due to attacks of animals are there every year? How many animals and
plants are lost every year thanks to deforestation, fires, constructions,
and other human activities?
Experts say that approximately 137 plant, animal and insect species
die every single day due to rainforest deforestation. That is, 50,000
species a year.
But don't be mistaken. It doesn't mean that there weren't humans
living and interacting with the environment in the past. Five centuries
ago, there were approximately ten million Indingenous people living in
Value: Environmental care the Amazonian Rainforest. Today there are less than 200,000. Obviously
the Indigenous lifestyle was radically different from ours.
Humankind and the We should ask ourselves which is the deadliest living creature? Who
environment. Do we coexist is really in danger?
with nature? Or do we
Retrieved from: http://www.rain-tree.com/facts.htm
take advantage of it? What
are the long term effects
of destroying the Amazon 1. Complete the sentences based on the information in the text you read.
rainforest? a. According to the text, the most dangerous creatures in the Amazon are
.
b. Plants and animal species are lost every year due to .
Tip 2. Check the following ways the author uses to give details in the text?
Then, underline them in the text.
When you read, pay attention • Examples
to the details the author
uses to help you understand • Names of people or places
important details. Authors
• Personal stories
often use personal stories,
examples, numbers, and • Numbers
names of people or places.
3. Find the boldfaced words in the text and guess their meaning from the
context. Write a synonym for each word.
Deadly
Vocabulary
Danger
deforestation. the cutting
down and removal of trees
Environment
from forests
12
Assessment How would you handle an emergency?
Reading
1 Read this email: 2 Read the mail Monica’s boss sent her. Select True(T)
and False(F). Explain why if you chose False in some
sentences.
a. The boss is sure that Monica is sick.
b. The boss wants Monica to do an article

From: N. K Lee with images of the Amazon only.
c. Monica must have enough money for

To: Monica the whole trip, and doesn't need any more.
d. The boss is completely certain that

Subject: dangers that travelers are exposed
Monica will do the article.
to in Ecuador
e. The finance department has the
Dear Monica, money already.
How are you? I heard from Danny that maybe Writing

you were sick. If so, I hope that you are feeling
well now. 3 Imagine you are Monica and you got the mail from
your boss. In your notebook, write a 50 word email
I’m writing you this email because I want you back explaining whether you accept or decline his
to write a long article about the dangers that offer, and what your plans are. Don’t forget to use
travelers are exposed to in Ecuador. I also want the grammar seen in this module.
a short documentary with pictures from the
whole country. I don’t want you to only stay in
the Amazon, but also to explore the highlands 4 Choose 5 vocabulary words from the first part of
and the coast too. I am sure that this wasn’t this module. Use one word each in 5 sentences
your plan due to the limited time you have. I using your own words on the lines below.
know you must need money to do everything.
Therefore, I already talked to the finance a.
department, and they will make a deposit in
b.
your account whenever you need it.
c.
Please let me know right away if you want to
accept my offer. Get well soon. d.
Sincerely, e.
N. K Lee

I can read about and discuss the importance of the environment.

I can talk about what to do during an emergency.
I can read and write about how human's decisions have consequences in nature.
I can read and talk about how to prepare for possibly dangerous situations.
15
Lesson C
How important is it to keep traditions alive for current and future generations?
The Last Ice-Man
For anyone who doesn't come from the highlands, it is not always easy to
walk around cities like Quito, or La Paz because the lack of oxygen. It makes
people have to stop frequently to catch their breath, gives them headaches
or even makes them dizzy. That is, however, something Baltazar Ushca
can't relate at all with. This man is known for being the last ice-man in
Ecuador. Baltazar Ushca climbs twice a week to the Chimborazo glacier to
collect ice, and then goes back down to sell it in the market. He has been
Freepik/wirestock
doing it for more than 50 years. It is not an easy job, because he has to travel
for about four hours, then it takes him three more hours to take the ice from
the glacier. Baltazar is the last person who does this work. Getting ice is not
profitable anymore, so he guides tourists up Chimborazo.
Retrieved from: https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/travel/2019/04/ecuador-last-ice-man
1. Work with a partner to answer each of the questions according to the

reading.
a. What was Baltazar Ushca's job for 50 years, and what does he also
do now?
Interesting Facts
b.
Because many of the glaciers

in Ecuador and the world are
c.
melting, they do not go as far
down the mountain as they
used to. On some volcanoes
in Ecuador, that means to get d. Do you think this tradition should be kept in the future? If so, how and
why?
to the ice, you have to travel
up to one half of a kilometer
more than was required a few
decades ago. 2. Circle the correct option to complete the sentences.
a. Baltazar Ushca can work as long as:

• there is a mountain.
• there is ice.
• there are tourists.
b. Baltazar cannot take the 50 kg blocks of ice to the market, unless:

• he has a jacket.
• he sells them for a good price.
Vocabulary • he takes his mules with him.
lack. being without, or not c. Because it is necessary, Baltazar:

having enough of something • guides tourists.
dizzy. having a sensation of • carries tourists.
you head spinning around
• sells to the tourists.
18
Oral Communication
How important is it to follow doctor’s recommendations? Do you follow them?
The Doctor Said…
1. Work in Pairs. Monica became cautious. What is the meaning of the

word cautious? Are you a cautious person?
2. Monica and the doctor are talking about her health, the infection she had,
and the safety measures she should take to avoid getting sick again. Audio
Listen to the conversation and answer the questions below. Listen to the dialogue.
3. Read the statements below, and then circle the best answer.
a.
• If you feel better, you can stop taking them.
• Take the pills, only if you feel better.
• It doesn’t matter if you feel better or not. Take all the pills anyway.
b.
• If you take the pills you won’t get another infection
• If you don’t take the pills, you won’t have another infection.
• If you take the pills, you will have another infection.
c. “I won't drink tap water, even if I am thirsty”
• I will drink tap water if I’m thirsty.
Freepik
• I will only drink tap water if I’m thirsty.
• I won’t drink tap water. It doesn’t matter if I’m thirsty.
4. Work with a partner to role-play the situation below. Then, switch roles.
a. Student A
to forbid the consumption of sugar, fat, and recommend dairy

Grammar Tip
again only if he/she follows the diet you prescribe. Give her or
We use conditional phrases to
express requirements or limits
for something to happen. Two
b. Student B conditional phrases are "even
to be healthy. Explain what the problem is and listen to the if", which is used for something
doctor’s recommendations. Accept or decline to follow the that will or could happen; and
recommendations. Express your feelings about following the
"as long as", which expresses a
diet.
condition for a period of time.
Look at the examples below:
5. Now make it personal. Discuss the following questions in small groups. You could get sick even if you are
• Do you think it is important to always follow the instructions of an careful.

expert?
As long as you follow the signs you
• Are there situations when not following their instructions is a better shouldn’t get lost.
idea? Explain.
19
Reading
How can you avoid getting lost while in nature? What steps should you take?
Dangers at Heights
1. Look at the picture and the title of the text. What do you think the reading
will be about?
2. While you read, pay attention to any words you don’t know and underline
them.
People in Ecuador are exposed to risks in all three regions. People

usually believe that the risks are limited to the Amazon and the coast due
to the wild animals that inhabit those two regions. In the highlands, there
are not many animals that cause as much fear as in the Amazon or on he
coast. However, there is another risk in the highlands that does not come
Freepik
to stalk people. People often put themselves in danger.

Beautiful in the landscape, the mountains seem harmless. However,
the Secretary of Security of Quito said that every weekend there are
emergencies in the mountains. Especially cases of people who get lost.
Work in pairs to write a The main causes are that hikers take a path that is not marked, or prefer
brief summary of the text
to start their own path and then find it difficult to return.
by answering the questions
below in your notebook. Some advice the experts give to not get lost and get back home safely are:
• What is the text about? • Report to your family where you are and where you are going.
• Don’t leave the marked paths.
• What is the author’s • Don’t go alone.
purpose? • Go with an expert guide if it is a risky path.
• What do you consider • Save strength for the return.
the most important • Bring snacks and water.
recommendations? Explain. • Use maps to orientate yourself.
Retrieved from: https://www.ultimasnoticias.ec/las-ultimas/numero-personas-perdidas-cumbres-quito.html
Work in groups. In your 3. Read the sentences and write True(T) or False(F). Correct the false
notebook, write a list of statements.
4 other indications and
a. Report to your family where you are only if you
recommendations for people
are going up a volcano.
who want to explore the
highlands and the mountains
conditional phrases. Share b. As long as you follow the marked paths, you won’t get lost.
your recommendations with
the class.
c. Even if you are single, you don’t have to go alone.
Vocabulary
harmless. not able or likely to d.

cause harm, not dangerous as you go with an expert guide.
hiker. a person who walks for

long distances in nature
e.
path. a marked place for back to where you started.
walking, often in nature
20
Lesson D
Language Through
Communication andthe Arts Awareness
Cultural
Social Studies
Is mountain climbing a good topic for a movie? What movies can you think of about people hiking on mountains?
What are some of the dangers we are exposed to at the beach?

Movies at Heights
Hazards at the Beach
Baltasar Kormakur took "Everest" to the cinema in 2015. It is a movie
about an accident eight hikers had in 1996 on the highest mountain in the
Earthquakes,
world. It earned landslides,
millions attsunamis, climateHowever,
the box office. change, and coastal
if you erosion,
think this is
are only
the among the risks
movie aboutwhich Ecuador's
mountain coastal
climbing, youtowns are be
couldn't exposed
more to. The
wrong.
Galapagos Islands also face dangers caused by humans
There are many movies about climbing and trekking on mountains. such as plastic
pollution that can affect biodiversity.
If you like that type of movie, full of adrenaline and wonderful
If you areyou
landscapes, a tourist, you are probably
will definitely enjoy thenot exposedmovies.
following to these risks, as your
stay will be short. However, you should be aware of the following hazards
•atSherpa:
the beach.This movie focuses on Sherpa Phurba Tashi, a man who has
Pixabay
climbed Mount Everest 21 times

• Rip currents: strong currents flowing outward from the beach to open
• Mountain: This film includes some of the tallest mountains around the
Pixabay/Roland Mey
water present a hazard to swimmers.

globe.
Waves:
•• Free The
Solo: waves
This can follows
movie smash against you and while
Alex Honnold injurehe
you.
tries to become
the first person to free climb El Capitan in Yosemite National Park;
• Lightning: can be very dangerous for swimmers in the water and on
without the help of any ropes, harnesses or protective equipment.
the open beach.
• The sun: It is common for some people to get a sunburn at the
beach. Inoffensive as it may seem, the sun’s strong UV rays can cause
sunburn, eye problems, and even skin cancer.
After reading the text, work in small groups to answer the following
Pixabay/kanenori
questions. Retrieved from: https://www.earthnetworks.com/blog/10-worst-beach-hazards/
a. What do all these movies have in common?

1. Work with a partner to make a list of other dangers people could face at
the beach.
Pixabay/erwin66as
a.
b. Why do you think that these movies are successful?
b.
c.
2. Make do
c. What groups and discuss
you think the following
is the purpose points.
of these movies?
Vocabulary a. What are some possible ways to prevent or avoid all the dangers
mentioned in the text?
adrenaline. a chemical in
b. Create a list of rules using conditionals and causative verbs to stay
the body that helps physical
safe when
d. According at the
to the beach.
text, whatCheck
is thethe grammar
difference tip on page
between 23.
free climbing and
activity, and sometimes
causes a feeling of excitement normal mountain climbing.
•
landscape. Physical features •
of the earth that are often
beautiful to look at and •
take pictures of, mountains,
Vocabulary • In•pairs, discuss which of the movies listed in the article you consider
waterfalls, etc.
the most interesting? Explain why?
hazard. something that is •

climb. using feet and
potentially dangerous • Imagine what the plot of the movie is. Take notes about what you
sometimes hands to move •
up something
current. such of
movement as water,
a
mountain or a ladder
wind, or even electricity •
• Finally, share your ideas with the class.
24
22
Oral Communication
What activities do you get other people to do for you?
Sometimes Plans Change

1. Listen to the conversation between Monica and her father.
Audio
2. Write the correct letter in the circle to complete the sentences below. Listen to the dialogue.
a. a bartender.
Monica’s father had
b. a barber.
cut his hair c. a hairdresser.
a. go back home.
Monica’s boss let her b. stay more time.
Pixabay/shameersk
c. dye her hair.
a. tomorrow.
Monica got someone to
take her to the coast b. in the morning.
Pixabay/sasint
c. that night.
3. Work with a partner. In your notebooks, make a list of things that other
people do for you because you can’t do them, you don’t want to do them,
or you prefer to pay for them to be done for you.
Grammar Tip
• After you have your list
We use “make” to express that someone requires another person to do completed from activity 3,
something. We use “have” when someone asks another person to do write 4 sentences in your
something. “Let” is used to express that someone allows someone to do notebook.
something, and we use “get” when someone persuades another person to
• Write one sentence for each
do something. Get is the only causative verb followed by the infinitive
of the causative verbs.
instead of the base form.
• Talk with classmates to hear
Review the examples below. ideas you may not have
thought of.
I have the hairdresser cut my hair. (The hairdresser has the choice to accept
or not)
My teacher makes me do homework. (I have no option.).
The teacher lets me go to the bathroom. (I have permission to go)

My mother gets my father to cook dinner. (She convinces him to do it.)
23
Lesson D

Social Studies
What are some of the dangers we are exposed to at the beach?
Hazards at the Beach
Earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, climate change, and coastal erosion,

are among the risks which Ecuador's coastal towns are exposed to. The
Galapagos Islands also face dangers caused by humans such as plastic
pollution that can affect biodiversity.
If you are a tourist, you are probably not exposed to these risks, as your
stay will be short. However, you should be aware of the following hazards
at the beach.
• Rip currents: strong currents flowing outward from the beach to open
Pixabay/Roland Mey
water present a hazard to swimmers.

• Waves: The waves can smash against you and injure you.
• Lightning: can be very dangerous for swimmers in the water and on

the open beach.
• The sun: It is common for some people to get a sunburn at the
beach. Inoffensive as it may seem, the sun’s strong UV rays can cause
sunburn, eye problems, and even skin cancer.
Retrieved from: https://www.earthnetworks.com/blog/10-worst-beach-hazards/
1. Work with a partner to make a list of other dangers people could face at
the beach.
Pixabay/erwin66as
a.
b.
c.
2. Make groups and discuss the following points.
a. What are some possible ways to prevent or avoid all the dangers
mentioned in the text?
b. Create a list of rules using conditionals and causative verbs to stay

safe when at the beach. Check the grammar tip on page 23.
•
Vocabulary •
hazard. something that is •

potentially dangerous
•
current. movement of water,
wind, or even electricity •
24
Reading
Oral Communication
History
Social Studies
What
Whoarehelps
the riskiest
peoplethings
in need
you
around
do every
the world?
day?
Helping Around the WorldAllergic Reactions
1. Listen to the audio and answer the1.following

Read thequestions.
following text and listen to it.
Audio
a. What is the job of the WHO?? Listen to the dialogue.
It is still unbelievable for Owen Carey’s family, that he died on his 18th
birthday. The incredible part is that Owen wasn’t doing anything special
or out of normal. He died after eating chicken. Owen had the waiter bring
him grilled chicken. Even though Owen informed the restaurant that he
b. was allergic to milk and lactose, the restaurant did not tell him the dish he
ordered had whey. After eating half of it, Owen had an allergic reaction,
which made him collapse and die.
His family asked the state to make a change. They said that Owen’s
death could have been avoided and that something good should come out
of Owen’s death. They asked the state to change the labeling policies on
c. What are the characteristics of each
foodemergency category?
and menus. Their petition stated that food labeling should be more
Freepik
detailed because oral communication in many situations was not enough.
Freepik
The family was sure that the lack of good labels was a risk for people
with allergies and made them fear eating at restaurants.
Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-49695811

d. Write examples of countries with emergencies in each category?
2. Which of the titles below is the best for the text? Select one option and
explain why the other options shouldn’t be the title.
a. Owen Carey died in his 18th birthday after eating chicken.
Pixabay/jsptoa
b. Eating.
2. Work in groups and write ideas in your notebook. Perhaps through the
c. The boy whose allergy changed the law.
WHO website, research a country that is in an emergency situation right
now. What is the emergency? Place the emergency or emergencies in
3. Answer the following questions with complete sentences using your
one of the three categories and explain why you consider it part of that
own words.
category. What can be done to help the situation? Be prepared to dicuss
your ideas with the class. a. Who was Owen Carey and what happened to him?
b. What did the family ask the state to do?
4. Write True(T) or False(F) for following statements.

Vocabulary
a. Owen didnt think about his allergy when he ordered chicken.
outbreak. the sudden or
b. The restaurant didn’t inform the family that there
violent start of something
Vocabulary
was whey in the dish. unwelcome
whey. the watery part of milk

c. Owen didn’t eat the whole chicken. .
Pixabay/bhossfeld
label. printing on a product from a river over an area of

d. The family said that Owen’s death was inevitable.
land, also caused by too much
and other details rain during a hurricane
e. The family asked for better food labeling.
2625
Reading
History
What are the riskiest things you do every day?
Allergic Reactions
1. Read the following text and listen to it.
It is still unbelievable for Owen Carey’s family, that he died on his 18th
birthday. The incredible part is that Owen wasn’t doing anything special
or out of normal. He died after eating chicken. Owen had the waiter bring
him grilled chicken. Even though Owen informed the restaurant that he
was allergic to milk and lactose, the restaurant did not tell him the dish he
ordered had whey. After eating half of it, Owen had an allergic reaction,
which made him collapse and die.
His family asked the state to make a change. They said that Owen’s
death could have been avoided and that something good should come out
of Owen’s death. They asked the state to change the labeling policies on
food and menus. Their petition stated that food labeling should be more
Freepik
detailed because oral communication in many situations was not enough.

The family was sure that the lack of good labels was a risk for people
with allergies and made them fear eating at restaurants.
2. Which of the titles below is the best for the text? Select one option and
explain why the other options shouldn’t be the title.
a. Owen Carey died in his 18th birthday after eating chicken.
b. Eating.
c. The boy whose allergy changed the law.
3. Answer the following questions with complete sentences using your

own words.
a. Who was Owen Carey and what happened to him?
b. What did the family ask the state to do?
4. Write True(T) or False(F) for following statements.
a. Owen didnt think about his allergy when he ordered chicken.
b. The restaurant didn’t inform the family that there

Vocabulary
was whey in the dish.
whey. the watery part of milk

c. Owen didn’t eat the whole chicken.
label. printing on a product
d. The family said that Owen’s death was inevitable.
and other details
e. The family asked for better food labeling.
26
Where do you think the phrase "blue blood" may have come from?
Blue Blood?
Who hasn’t heard the phrase “this person thinks he/she is blue blooded”,
meaning that the person acts in a special way, as if they are refined and
better than other people. However, where does the phrase come from?
Well, the term refers to European royal nobility and it is a metaphor. The
phrase describes people whose blood in the veins appeared blue under the
skin. There are some factors that may have created this term.
First, the royal family is RH-type O. This blood type has a high copper
concentration, which makes it easier to distinguish. Less than a 1% of
the people in Europe have this blood type. This makes the characteristic
almost unique in the royal family. Second, the use of silver spoons, forks
and knives may have also contributed to the phrase “blue blood.”. High
levels of silver may cause a condition called Argyria, which can cause the
blood to turn a little bit blue. Finally, there was a lack of sun exposure
because royalty didn't work outside in the sun. This was something they
simply wouldn’t do.
Freepik
Therefore, when looking through white, almost translucent skin,

veins were exposed, and appeared to be blue.
Retrieved d: https://www.quora.com/How-did-the-term-Blue-Blood-come-about
List the three possible origins of the expression, “blue blood”.
a.
b.
Work with a partner to c.

discuss and answer the
questions below.
a. How is the article related

to the previous text?
The mysterious case of the blue blooded girl

Even though the “blue blood” expression may sound a little bit
romantic for some people, it is a completely undesirable situation. That
b. Could the girl's case be is the case of a 25-year-old woman, who once went to the hospital in
included in the possible Rhode Island. Fatigue, breathing difficulty and skin discoloration were
causes of the expression some of the symptoms she presented. Her blood also looked blueish.
“blue blood”? After checking her, the doctors diagnosed her as cyanotic. That is, a heart
condition caused by the lack of oxygen in the blood.
28
Oral Communication
What should happen after an accident at school or work?
Accident Reports
1. Listen to an audio about an accident that happened at a school.

Audio
pik
Free
2. Work with a partner to discuss the following questions.
•
accident report.
•
from them?
3. Complete the accident report with the information you listen to in the
audio.
Accident report
Name Last Name
Male Female X ID Number 1858934890
Other
Home address Bolivar Marital status Single
Date of birth
Home phone number Cellphone number
Job title
Employment start date October 16th, 2017
Date of the accident
Describe in detail how the accident occurred
Party of the body injured
Type of injury Stroke
Name of witness (es)

Was safety equipment provided? Yes
Was safety equipment used? Yes
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Signature of the employee Date October 16th, 2017
29
Assessment How would you handle an emergency?
Listening Speaking
1 Listen to the story about an earthquake. Pay attention a. Ask your partner questions about the emergency
to the order of the events. and take notes on the line below. Then, swich
roles and you can tell your partner about an
emergency you experienced.
Person A's emergency:

Emergency
When
Where
Consequences
Pixabay/Angelo_Giordano
Other details
b. Finally , summarize your partner's emergency

for the whole class.
2 Put the events in you heard them in the audio. Grammar/Vocabulary
4 Complete the following sentences with the correct

• Vania and her sister went outside. causative verb. You can use each verb only once.
Pay attention to the tense.
• The neighbors were outside too.
make get have let
• There was an earthquake.
7 Yesterday, my mother me wash the

• Vania had her sister tell her the time.
dishes. I really hate to do it. However, as a prize,
she me go to the party I wanted to go
3 Work in pairs. Interview your partner about
an emergency they have experienced (volcanic with my friends. So, I my sister to make
eruption, earthquake, lightning storm, hard rain, my hair and my make-up. Finally, my friends and I
mudslide, car accident, etc.).
a taxi driver take us to the party.

I do it very I do it somewhat I can I can’t do it
Topics well well improve without help
I can express what other people do for me using causative verbs.
I can express conditions using the phrases even if, and as long as.
I can discuss what steps need to be taken to be prepared for an emergency, and
what to do if one happens.
31
English What does success
Pedagogical Module 6 mean to you?
Tenth Grade EGB
5 People who changed history
Hi
st
Compound adjectives 4
or
y
La
ng
3
ua
Question tags
6 Successful stories
eg
ish
an
d
gl
Li
te
2
En
Phrasal verbs with get
ra
urt
Stories of
e
Success in
Success 7
So
different cultures
1
ci
Modals of deduction
al
St
ud
ie
s
Values
10 Gender equity 9 Perseverance 8 Empathy
Successful People
What do Lionel Messi, Steven Spielberg, Bill Gates
and J.K. Rowling have in common? They are successful
doing what they love. In this unit we are going to learn
about people who have achieved success. For these
people, it wasn’t easy to get where they are and have
what they have today.
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Who do you consider a successful person? Why?

1
Lesson A
What is success? What are some of the ways to measure success?
What is Success?
Since we were kids, everyone in our surroundings has been telling

us what success is. Our parents, teachers, friends, movies, celebrities on
social media, and almost everyone tell us what it means to be successful. It
should, however, not be a surprise that everyone may give you a different
definition of success. This is because success is not a simple concept. It is
subjective and personal. Each person can have a different concept of it, and
there is nothing wrong with that. It doesn’t mean that one or the other
is wrong. What is wrong is using someone else’s definition of success
to measure your own success. Fighting and suffering to be “successful”
according to someone else’s idea of success, and never getting there or
getting there and realizing that it is not what you hoped for, is not what
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you want. This does not mean that you shouldn’t take advice from other
people. But before climbing a mountain, you should know if you really
want to achieve what is on top. Otherwise, once you get there you may
realize it was the wrong mountain.
Look at the picture. What
is the person in the picture So, before you find yourself striving to be “successful” according to
doing? What does that person someone else’s standards, take a moment to think about what success
represent? means for you.
1. Answer the following questions on the lines below.
a. What is the text about?
b. What is the main idea?
c. What is the author’s purpose?
d. How are “climbing a mountain” and success related, according to

the text?
2. Make a list of three things that make someone successful according

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to you.
In pairs. Share what is on your 1

list, justify what you wrote,
and compare your answers
with your classmate’s answers. 2
Did you write something

similar? Is it completely 3
different? Explain. Share
your results with the class.
2
Oral Communication
What are some examples of people, products and events that are not successful?
What is Not Success?

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1. Listen again. Write True(T) or False(F).
Audio
a. Emma thinks that being happy with what you have is not
success.
b. Patricia says that in her opinion not being a good student is

being successful.
c. Julia doesn’t have much time to answer the question.
d. Julia thinks that success isn’t working at what you don’t like.
e. Julia doesn’t like her job.
f. Abraham is glad to answer the questions at the beginning.

In pairs, discuss which of
g. Abraham agrees with trends. the answers you agree with.
(Emma, Patricia, Julia, or
Abraham)? With which do
2. Time for you to answer the question Leonardo asked everyone. What is you disagree? Explain why.
not success? Write notes on the lines below and discuss with a partner.
Example
Reason
Example
Reason
Example
Reason
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3
Reading
What is the difference between a successful person and a non-successful person?
The Mindset
The way we think, how we see life, and how we manage our feelings is
important; but can it change your life and be the difference between being
successful or unsuccessful? According to author Karima Mariama-Arthur,
the mindset is the greatest difference between people who are successful and
everyone else. It may seem like a small, unimportant thing, but according to
Mariama- Arthur, people must work on their mindset in order to get ahead
of others. But, how can you work on your mindset? There are some things
you need to do to change and develop your mindset. One important thing is
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to get along well with yourself, and to manage your feelings of confidence,
Fre
self-worth, and competence. Self-talk is a good way to start, because the

conversations you have with yourself can help you create and build your
self-esteem. However, be careful with what you tell yourself. You should
always plant seeds of positivity.
Another thing you have to do is set high goals. Successful people set
Understanding from context.
their goals higher than most people. If you already have goals set, analyze
Read the phrases below and them. Are they high enough? If not, you need to work on them, think
write a synonym. bigger, and to get out of your comfort zone.
• Get along Retrieved from: https://www.success.com/5-things-you-need-for-a-successful-mindset/
• Get ahead 1. What are the characteristics a successful person has? Write a list of 3
characteristics mentioned in the text.
In small groups, discuss if you 2

think the mindset of a person
is really what differentiates
successful people from 3
unsuccessful people? Explain.
2. Work with a partner to answer the questions below in complete

sentences using your own words.
a. What is “The Mindset?”
b. Does the mindset develop itself naturally?
c. What should you consider when talking to yourself?

d. According to the text, when do you need to change your goals?
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History
What are some of the biggest enterprises today? How did they become so successful?
Life Before Dreams Came True

Pixabay / Adam Derewecki
It is almost impossible not to recognize the logo of Disney because it

has grown with many generations. However, the beginning of the Disney
Company wasn’t as easy as one may think. The creator of Disney, one of the
biggest corporations in the world today, was once fired from a newspaper
because he was not creative enough. Walt’s boss must have regretted it
very much when he saw how creative Disney really was. Disney did not,
however, give up. He kept on working at what he loved, convinced that
he was good at it. He founded Laugh-O-Gram Films, his first animation
company. He worked hard until he raised $15,000 for the company, but
he was forced to close it. Not letting this obstacle bring him down, Walt
Disney moved to Hollywood, but things still weren’t easy. He faced even
more criticism and failure, until he finally launched his first few classic films
which were very popular. Those films turned the perseverant man into one
of the most famous animators in history.
Retrieved from: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/240492
1. Read the text and answer the following questions. Circle the word that
Look at the image above. best completes the sentence.
With a partner, discuss how
you know which company a.
it is associated with.
happy / defeated / outraged
b.
have been .
proud / angry / glad
c. Walt may have felt when he decided to go to

Hollywood.
hopeful / curious / pessimistic
2. Read the boldfaced words in the text. Write the correct word next to its
meaning.
to make someone feel worse emotionally.
a lack of success.
Involving imagination and original ideas.

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to stop doing something that you were trying to do.
6
Oral Communication
History
Pioneering Programmer
Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain U.S.A.

1. Before you listen, look at the image. Do you know who the woman in the
picture is? Does it appear that she was successful in her career? Explain.
Where do you think she may have worked?
Values: Gender equity
There are many examples of successful women in today’s world.

However, that was not always the case. Women’s contributions
throughout history are starting to be more recognized and appreciated.
The whole world benefits from women having access to education and
professional opportunities.
2. Who is Grace Hopper? Why is she important? What was she successful
at doing? Why do you think that she is almost unknown? Write your
answers on the lines below. Audio
Grammar Tip
Use may (not) have, might (not)

In pairs, discuss how you think that Grace Hopper felt in different
moments of her life? Select 3 moments of her life. Make deductions have or could have to express
of how Grace must, may or cannot have felt then and why. Explain by that you are not certain that
giving reasons and examples. something happened.
Use must have to show that you
3. Listen to the audio. Name 4 characteristics of Grace Hopper based on are almost sure that something
her story. Justify why you chose each characteristic. Compare your happened.
answers in groups.
Use must not have to show
that you are almost certain that
something did not happen.
1
Use cannot /can’t have or could
2 not have to express that you are
certain that something did not
3 happen.
77
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Lesson B

Is failure important? How can failing at something be helpful in the long run?
A Magical Ending
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Values: Perserverance
One of the most famous series of books in history is
Why is it important to keep without a doubt the Harry Potter saga. With incredibly
on trying? It makes people enthusiastic fans all over the world, a very successful movie
stronger when they persist and saga, and even two amusement parks, it is hard to believe that
rise after falling, rather than J.K Rowling’s book was rejected on multiple occasions.
if achieve everything on the
J.K. Rowling is today one of the most famous and wealthy writers in
first try. Together, failure and
the world. However, getting to where she is now was not easy. Her worst
perseverance can be powerful
nightmares had become true a few years after graduating from college.
and important.
During a speech at Harvard, she said that by 1999 she was the biggest failure
she knew. She had had a failing marriage, she had no job, depression, and
she had to take care of her kid without a father. She was as poor as someone
can be without being homeless. One day, she was at a train station when the
idea of the Harry Potter’s world came to her mind.
While fighting poverty and depression, Rowling wrote her first Harry
Potter novel, but it wasn’t until two years later that Bloomsbury Children’s
Books bought the rights to it for only £10,000. She was not rejected by
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only one, but twelve publishers. That, however, did not make her stop
following her dream of publishing her story. In her own words, “One has
to appreciate the importance and value of failure.”
Retrieved from: https://www.lifehack.org/articles/communication/10-famous-failures-that-will-inspire-you-

success.html
Circle the correct word to complete each sentence.
a. J.K Rowling was in 1999.
homeless / married / poor
b. She thought of Harry Potter while she was a train.
getting on / waiting for / getting off
c. After publishing Harry Potter, J.K Rowling could

her earlier failures.
get over / get along / get back

Vocabulary
rejected. not accepted d. J.K Rowling with 12 publishers before one decided
wealthy. someone with a lot to publish her story.

of money
got through / got along / got together
homeless. without a house
to stay in
88
Oral Communication
The Success of Harry Potter
1. Listen to the interview with Mabel, a self-proclaimed Potterhead. Work

with a partner to discuss and answer the questions below. Audio
a. What is the objective of the program “Open-minded Experts”, and
why is it called that?
b. What is a Potterhead?
c. When did Rowling’s book become famous?
Pixabay / Maurygraf
2. Listen again. Circle the correct option to answer the question.
a. What is not mentioned by Mabel?
b. According to Mabel, Harry Potter is a story which includes which of

the following?
social commentary / history / none of them / both of them
c. Which is not mentioned by Mabel? Harry Potter is what kind of story?
adventure / drama / comedy / thriller
d. What is not mentioned by Mabel? Harry Potter is based on universal

themes such as:
evil / betrayal / love / justice

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9
Who was Alexander Hamilton?
The Two-hour Play that Crossed Borders
In 2015, Hamilton: An American Musical, a play with script, lyrics,

and music by Lin-Manuel Miranda; premiered at a theater in New York.
The play is based on the life of Alexander Hamilton, one of the founding
fathers of the United States. Hamilton won 11 Tony Awards and became
a Broadway sensation. It became so popular and exclusive that the best
tickets cost $ 849 per seat, and close to $ 200 for a regular seat.
The play includes great music and acting. The catchy-rhythm songs
of this play combine hip-hop, rap, jazz, R&B, and Broadway tunes. It also
features fresh and innovative lyrics. Even though it is a play, Hamilton’s
music became the album of the year. The cast of the play was talented, and
could easily alternate between the genres without missing a beat. Hamilton
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also caught people’s eye because while watching it, the audience learns
something. The book-based play really sticks to the real facts of Alexander
Look at the image above
Hamilton’s story.
and discuss the folowing
questions with a partner. Hamilton’s story happened centuries ago. However, his story and
Have you seen this man
problems can reflect and mirror today’s situations, such as the consequences
before? Where? How do you
think that he is related to
of speaking one’s mind, immigration, and the American dream.
the arts?
Retrieved from: https://www.theperspective.com/debates/entertainment/hamilton-overrated-worth-hype/
Work in small groups to discuss and answer the following questions.
a. How is Lin-Manuel Miranda associated with Alexander Hamilton?
b. What are the three reasons the author gives to justify Hamilton’s
success?
c. Is Hamilton an original story created by Lin-Manuel Miranda? Explain.
Compound adjectives are two or more adjectives joined together to

modify the same noun. These terms are usually hyphenated to avoid
confusion or ambiguity.
compound adjectives and underline the noun they refer to.

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10
Oral Communication
What past experiences might give authors inspiration to write horror and thrilling stories?
Who is Stephen King?

Audio
Grammar Tip
Compound adjectives are

adjectives formed by 2 or more
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words that add information
to a noun. They are usually
separated with hyphens and can
be formed with different word
1. Listen to the conversation, and answer the questions below. types like:
a. What type of books does Stephen King write?

Adjective + Part Participle
Narrow-minded, open-minded,
high-spirited, old-fashioned,
short-haired, strong-willed
b. Do both people in the conversation like Stephen King’s books?
Adverb + Past Participle
Well-behaved, well-educated,
c. Which of King’s stories do they mention? densely-populated, highly-
respected, widely-recognized
d. List the three theories they have to explain where Stephen King gets Noun + Past Participle
his inspiration from. Sun-baked, child-wanted,
middle-aged
Noun + Present Participle
English-speaking, time-saving,
record-breaking
2. Rewrite the phrases expressing the same meaning.
Adjective + Present Participle
Good-looking, long-lasting,
The 6-page document The document has 6 pages.
slow-moving, far-reaching
The red-haired clown Adverb + Present Participle

Never-ending, forward-
thinking
The yellow-raincoat kid
Noun + Adjective
World-famous, ide-cold,
smoke-free, sugar-free
A post-apocalyptic story Adjective + Noun
Full-length, last-minute, long-
distance
Work in pairs. In your notebook, write 3 sentences describing a Noun + Noun

classmate or person without writing his or her name. Use compound Part-time, north-west, bullet-
adjectives. Read the sentences to your partner so they can guess who proof
you are talking about.
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Reading
Why do some artists become famous after their death?
Only Famous After Death

Before Reading
Look at the picture. Who is the It doesn’t matter if you are an art expert or not. The name Vincent
man? Do you know him? Do you Van Gogh is so well known today, that even if you haven’t seen one of his
consider him a successful man? paintings, the name must ring a bell.
It is incredible however, that Van Gogh, a world-famous painter today,
sold only one painting during his lifetime. Vincent Van Gogh was a different
man, who showed a strong and complicated temper at an early age. His
life, as the life of many other successful people, was full of difficult and sad
moments. He had periods of extreme poverty, he lost many friends, and
was rejected by women on many occasions. Once, he had to leave a woman
he wanted to form a family with, due to his family’s pressure. Moreover,
he had to fight against depression and epilepsy. One of the events that
marked his life was when he cut off part of his ear. This was captured in
Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain
a self-portrait. At the end of his life, Van Gogh had psychiatric problems.
Something positive, during Van Gogh’s life, was his great friendship with
his younger brother, Theo. Vincent wouldn’t have had the chance to live
like a painter without his brother’s emotional and financial support.
Vincent produced more than 1600 drawings and 900 paintings, among
them 43 self-portraits and 148 watercolors. However, while he was alive, he
sold one only painting for $109. It wasn’t until a decade after his death that
his paintings were found and appreciated. Today, Van Gogh’s paintings are
worth millions of dollars.
Tip
Retrieved from: https://www.scoopwhoop.com/People-Talent-Only-Recognized-After-Death/
When you read, pay attention to
what the author doesn’t tell you
explicitly. Use what you read to
make a logical guess about what In groups, discuss and answer the following questions.
is probably true. This is called
• Why do you think that Van Gogh became famous only after his death?
making inferences.
• What role did Theo Van Gogh have in Vincent’s success?
• How did the obstacles in Van Gogh’s life impact in his work and his
success?
Skim the text. Check the

information below that is
mentioned in the text. Read the text again, then read the statements. Select True(T) or False(F).
Relationships a. Van Gogh was a famous painter while he lived.
Family ties b. Vincent Van Gogh had a bad temper all his life.
Inspiration c. Vincent’s family forbid him to be with women on many

occasions.
Struggles
d. Van Gogh was a healthy man.
Critique
e. The portrait Van Gogh did of himself after he cut his ear is
the only portrait of him there is.
f. Vincent gave money to his younger brother Theo.
12
Assessment What does success mean to you?
Reading
1 Do you know the story of David and Goliath? 2 After reading the story, answer the questions below.
a. Why did Goliath have an advantage?
b. Why did David decide to fight Goliath?
c. What helped David beat Goliath?

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Writing
David & Goliath
3 Write a 70-90 word story where someone fights
The Bible tells us that one day the Israelis had
or struggles to become successful. Don’t forget to
to fight with the Philistines. Goliath, a giant
include, the name of the main character, their goal,
Philistine who mocked the Israelis and their
and also their personal qualities. The story should
God, challenged them to fight against him.
be real, and based on a person and situation you
None of the Israelites dared to do a thing,
know about.
because they were terrified.
The skinny-little David offered to fight
Goliath. Armed with just one sling and five
stones, David fought Goliath. Goliath, armed
with a sword and spears, mocked the young
boy, but the skilled and brave David threw
a stone that embedded itself in Goliath’s
forehead and killed him.
Any reader can see in this story a brave
character, who despite having everything
against him, decides to fight for his ideals and
take advantage of what he knows to win. It
is clear that David’s fast and strategic mind is
what helps him win, not his strength.
Retrieved from: https://www.bibliavida.com/historias-biblicas/
david-y-goliat-historia-de-la-biblia.html

I can read and talk about successful people and their personal qualities.
I can make deductions about the past.
I can write about what I consider success.
15
Let's Review
Vocabulary Grammar
2 Correct the following sentences. Circle the mistake

and rewrite the sentence with the phrasal verb in
the correct form.
a. First you get through the bus and 3 blocks later

you have to get off.
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b. Brenda broke up with her boyfriend. She is

1 Complete the sentences using the words from the trying to get along it.
box. Write the correct word in the blank space in
each sentence.
perseverant – brave – intelligent – unique –

hard-working c. This flash drive is broken, I hope I can get over
my money.
a. David was very small and .
Goliath was way bigger and stronger than him.
b. The paintings of Van Gogh are very .
That’s why they are so expensive.
c. J.K. Rowling is really .
Pixabay / FF16
She tried more than 12 times before a company

published her work.
d. Grace Hopper was very .
She created a whole system before anyone else.
e. Lin-Manuel Miranda worked more than 5 years
on his play Alexander Hamilton.
He is .
Reading
3 Check the statements below that are true based on

the text.
J.K. Rowling chose Daniel

Radcliffe to play Harry Potter.
Hermione, Ron and Harry
Potter were British kids.
J.K Rowling chose who played Hermione too.

Daniel Radcliffe is an actor.

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Daniel Radcliffe is British.
17
Lesson C

Social Studies
Is success the same around the world? How could success be measured differently in different cultures?
Success Around the World
When you describe success, and everyone agrees with you, it could be
the result of the social collective mind. That is, success is different depending
on where you are. According to a survey done in Asia, Africa, and the
Middle East; the concept people have of success is different depending on
the culture. The survey asked affluent people who averaged 37 years old,
and who had a kid. The results were the following:
Success…
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• in China is living a valuable life.

• in Japan is to live an enriching life.
• in South Africa is financial independence.
You are successful, aren’t you?
• in Singapore is to live as you want.
Write your own list of
3 important things that • in the UAE is to enjoy luxuries.
someone has to do or
to have to be successful . Although each country is a different world, there were some general
To be successful means to…
similarities. Money wasn’t just to buy luxurious material things, they
saw money as the way to experience the world. According to the survey,
affluent individuals in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East place more value
on experiences than things.
Retrieved from: https://www.businessinsider.com/how-people-view-success-around-the-world-2014-5
Work with a partner. Discuss and then answer the questions below.
After your list is complete, ask
your classmates if they agree a. What does the text state about the social collective mind?
or disagree with your list.
b. Why do you think the survey was given?
c. Why do you think that all the nations shared a similar idea of what
success is?
A mom who has Yes! I agree.

time for herself is
No, I don’t agree.
successful.
Do you agree?
Vocabulary
. having plenty of
money and living a very
comfortable life
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Oral Communication
What should we do when we do our best but get no recognition?
Recognizing Talent
1. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions below.

Audio
a. Did both watch The Oscars? Why?
b. Did something interesting happen in the ceremony? Explain.
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c. List the three movies for which DiCaprio has been nominated?
d. How did Leonardo DiCaprio feel the night before the Oscars?
You know what the Oscars

are, don’t you? What categories
are there at the Oscars?
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Grammar Tip
2. Complete the sentences with the correct question tag.
Use question tags to verify
a. Leonardo DiCaprio is a good actor, .
information. They are short
questions at the end of sentences
usually used in spoken English.
aren’t he? / doesn’t he? / isn’t he? To form them, we need to use
the opposite(positive/negative
form) of the sentence. If the
b. He was very happy, .
main part of the sentence is
positive, the question tag is
isn’t he? / didn’t he? / wasn’t he? negative. If the sentence is
negative, the question tag
is positive.
c. Leonardo DiCaprio won the Oscar, .
For example:
didn’t he? / doesn’t he? / wasn’t he?
“She likes you, doesn’t she?” Or,
“You don’t eat meat, do you?”
3. Write two of your own sentences with question tags on the lines below. The main sentence is in simple
present affirmative, so the
question tag needs the auxiliary

1 verb for third person “does”
to form the negative form
2 in simple present.
19
Reading
What do you want your legacy to be?
What is Success for Me

Before Reading
Look up the meaning of legacy in In this unit, we have talked about successful people and some traits you
the dictionary. In pairs, discuss need in order to achieve success. However, we haven’t really gone deep into
how it is related to the picture. the question, “what is success for me?”
Wealth, fame, happiness, luxury, and beauty are all synonyms of success
according to different people. There are articles, self-help books, and life
coaches that explain the steps to achieve success. The problem is, success
is something different for every person. If we start there, it is very difficult
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to achieve success following the same steps as other people. However, that
doesn’t mean that other people cannot inspire us. Role models can be a
great motivation for many people.
In order to accomplish your dream of success, you must establish what
success is for you.
To do that, you can ask yourself the questions below.
• If I could leave a legacy right now, what would it be?
• Why is it important for me to leave this legacy?
• How do I know that I’m living in alignment with my idea

of success?
In groups, discuss what • How can I start achieving my definition of success?
legacy different members
of your family have left.
1. With a partner, read the text and answer the questions below.
a. What can role models do for people, according to the text?
b.
2.
Compare your classmates’ answers to your own. Are they somehow
similar? Are they very different? Share your results in a small group, and
perhaps the class.
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20
How is success portrayed in literature, music, and visual arts? Can you think of examples?
Success
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Martínez, Juan.
A
Retrieved from: https://www.familyfriendpoems.com/poem/what-it-takes-to-succeed
Read the poem. In pairs, discuss the questions below
• What is the author comparing success with?
• Make some guesses about the author’s background.
• In what ways do you agree and disagree with the author?
Work with a partner to discuss and answer the questions below.
a. Explain if the author’s images make sense to you. Give examples.

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Vocabulary
b. Think of other “driving” examples to help describe success.
loop. something that keeps

returning to the same place
spare. extra for emergencies,

an extra tire in a car
22
Oral Communication
Describing People and Things
1. Three friends are taking a magazine quiz. Listen to the conversation.

Then with a partner, use the choices in the box below to best complete Audio
the sentences. Listen to the dialogue.
long-lasting / good-looking / slow-moving / never-ending

record-breaking / mouth-watering
a. Michael Phelps and Usain Bolt are athletes.

b. Daya likes red lipsticks.
c. One Piece is a series.
d. All of them think that Black Forest cake is a
dessert.
e. Alain Delon was a man.
2. Quiz time. Go around the class asking two classmates for their opinions.
Fill in the chart.
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Useful language
• Who/What do you consider thought-provoking?
Name someone/
Name Answer Name Answer
something that is
The novel “Brothers” The movie
Thought-provoking Daya Lucía
by Yu Hua “The breadwinner”
Slow-moving
Good-looking
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Far-reaching
Time-saving
Vocabulary
Forward-thinking
come off. become detached
or separated
Mouth watering
fade away. lose intensity
23
Lesson D
How long does success last? Can you think of people that were successful, but aren’t any more?
What Happened to the Kids of Slumdog

Millionaire?
The movie Slumdog Millionaire was a very successful movie about a

young man who is, surprisingly, able to win the contest, “Who Wants
to be a Millionaire?”. The movie shows us, through flashbacks, how a
hard life was full of experiences that led the protagonist to know all of
the answers. It showed us how hard life is for millions of kids in India.
Slumdog Millionaire, which tells a story of success, was itself a complete
success in sales. It won an Oscar for the best movie in 2008, and the whole
world paid attention to India that year. Some people claimed that the
young actors came from a similar background to what the movie showed.
However, even though the movie earned approximately $377 million,
and made Freida Pinto and Dev Patel world-famous actors, the kids who
played the young versions of the protagonists did not earn very much
money. In fact, they still live in Mumbai slums today.
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Retrieved from: https://www.miraclefoundation.org/child-stars-of-slumdog-millionaire-still-live-in-slums/
Look at the picture. Make groups to discuss and answer the questions below in your
notebook.
• How might this picture
be related to the movie? • What is the ironic situation that the text describes?
• What is the movie about? • Why do you think that the kids didn’t get very much money?
How is the movie related
to success? • Do you consider the situation fair or not? Explain your reasons.
following words in the text.
Flashback
Earn
Slum
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24
Oral Communication
In what ways can peolple help themselves? What do you do to help yourself?
Improving Your Mindset
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1. Listen to the interview. Work with a partner to discuss and answer the
questions below. Audio
Listen to an interview with
a. What is the program about? an author.
b. How often is this section of the show presented?
c. How many tips are given during the interview?
2. Write numbers in the circle next to the tips in the order they were said in
the audio.
Check your thoughts.
Write a grateful list.
Breathe.
Set your intentions of the day.
Avoid negativity.
In small groups, discuss and answer the following questions. Write Freepik
notes in your notebook and be prepared to share your ideas with the
class.
• What is the importance of these tips?
• Which one do you think is the most important and why?
• What other things can you do to improve your mindset?
25
Reading
What comes after achieving success?
The Success Cycle
Richard St. John assures in his Ted Talk, that success is not a one-way
street, but a constant journey. According to St. John, the process does not
follow a linear order, since there is no specific end. In other words, St. John
explains that success is a circle. There is no such thing as being on top,
because after putting in passion, working, focusing, pushing, having ideas,
improving and persisting; success may not come. On the contrary, Richard
St. John explains that if someone takes all of those steps and expects to be
successful forever and remain on top because they worked hard, then, they
will be surprised when everything goes downhill or not the way they want.
The advice he gives out from his personal experience, is that the only way to
keep being successful is to repeat the whole cycle again, to keep constantly
working towards success.
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Retrieved from: https://www.ted.com/talks/richard_st_john_success_is_a_continuous_

journey?referrer=playlist-what_is_success&language=en#t-22770
1.
partner, select one option and explain why the other options can’t be the
main idea.
In small groups, discuss Success is not a line because if you see it as a line, then once
a
and answer the following you have achieved success you will not know what to do next.
questions.
• Where does Richard

St. John get his ideas about b Success.
success?
• According to St. John, what

is the problem with thinking
of success as a linear c Success shouldn’t be seen as a line, but as a circle.
process?
2. In small groups, discuss if you agree or disagree with St. John? Why?
After your discussion, write a short paragraph on the lines below
explaining if you agree or not with Richard St. John.
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26
Which songs can you think of that are about being successful?
We are the Champions

Pixabay / David Mark
WE ARE THE CHAMPIONS
Word and Music by

FREDDIE MERCURY
I've paid my dues No time for losers

Time after time 'Cause we are the champions
Look at the image.
I've done my sentence Of the world
But committed no crime
• What do you know about And bad mistakes [Verse 2]
this band?
I've made a few I've taken my bows
• Was Queen a successful I've had my share of sand And my curtain calls
band? Explain. kicked in my face You brought me fame and
• Were all its members But I've come through fortune and everything that
successful? Explain. (And I need to go on and on, goes with it
and on, and on) I thank you all
But it's been no bed of roses
[Chorus] No pleasure cruise
We are the champions, my I consider it a challenge before
friends the whole human race
And I ain't gonna lose
the end (And I need just go on and on,
We are the champions and on, and on).
Martínez, Juan.
We are the champions

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Work in pairs. According to the lyrics of the song, discuss and answer
the questions below.
1. Success came easy to the singer’s life, didn’t it?

In groups, discuss the
questions below.
• What is the meaning of this 2. They achieved success already, didn’t they?
song?
• Which view of success did

they have? 3. The characters mentioned in the song will stop trying, won’t they?
• What personal qualities
does this song talk about?
28
Oral Communication
What are things that make you feel successful every day?
Success in Everyday Life
1. Listen and read the poem. What is the main topic?
ik p
Free
Complete the phrase with
your own ideas.
• I am successful when I...
• Everyday I feel successful

when...
Martínez, Juan.
2. Listen again. Ask classmates what they consider to be the three most
important examples of success in the poem? Why? Use their names and
examples to complete the chart below. Freepik
Most important
Name More information
examples of success
29
Assessment
Writing
1 Write a 60 – 90 word poem about success. 3 Answer the following questions.

It is a free poem. It doesn’t need rhyme or have a
specific number of syllables. a. Who is John Wooden, and how is he related to
this unit?
b. Why do you think that Wooden makes a

distinction between winning and succeeding?
c. What is John’s definition of success?
4 Read the text. Circle the best answer to fill in the

blank and complete the sentence.
a. Parents have been very proud

Reading of their kids when they got a 10/10.
2 Read the following text. can
Defining success is the first step to achieve it must

During a TED talk, former basketball coach
cannot
John Wooden, explained why he needed to
come up with his own definition of success.
He said in his talk, that as a teacher, parents b. Every time a parent said his or her kid was better
measured the success of their children based because of a grade, Wooden
only on the grades they got. He stated, however, have been happy.
that not every person is the same or has the same
intelligence. So, this way of measuring seemed could
completely unfair for him. John Wooden also
explained that winning doesn’t necessarily must
mean succeeding.
He defined success as the “Peace of mind cannot
attained only through self-satisfaction in
knowing you made the effort to do the best you c. John’s students have been glad
were capable of.” He says that not trying to be to have a teacher like him. We can’t be sure.
someone else, but trying to be the best you can
be is success. John also explains that the only must
part we have control over are interior things,
and if we spend too much time on the things we can’t
do not have control over, we will not have time

for the ones we have control over. could
30
Assessment What does success mean to you?
Listening Speaking
1 Listen to the conversation. 2 Role-play the following situation.

Then select True(T) or False(F) for the statements First, read through the description of the role for
below. each student. Write some notes, then start the
conversation.
Student A
You work in a store that sells movies/
DVDs to watch at home. You know a lot
about movies. Your customer wants to
watch a movie with characters who take
risks and succeed.
Student B
You have seen many movies in your life, but
you are looking for a movie with characters
who succeed in a special, not classic way.
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You have to describe the type of movie you

want to see.
a. Mulan is not a hero in the movie.

Grammar/Vocabulary
b. Both like Mulan, but they can’t see 3 Think of someone you consider successful that
it now. you admire. Write 3 short sentences that include
compound adjectives to describe them. Look back in
c. Both are excited to see “The Princess the module to pages 11 and 23 for ideas to help you.
and the Frog”.
d. Tiana is a classic hero. 1
e. Brave is a princess movie.
2
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I can verify information using question tags.

I can write and talk about steps that lead to being successful.
I can write and talk about personal traits of people who are succesful.
I can read and recognize the main idea and the author’s purpose of a text.
31
Project 2
Solving a Case
1. Can you solve the crime?
Tip
Remember to use the tense that

is appropriate. If you are talking
about something that is true
now or happening now, use
the present. If you are telling
a story that already happened,
use the past. If you are talking
about something that will
happen, use the future.
Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/

2014/apr/23/top-10-crime-scenes-in-art
2. In this painting of René Magritte, The Menaced Assassin (1927)

we see a scene of a crime. Can you make a case out of it, the
culprit, decode the motive for the crime and dictate a punishment?
Make groups of 4. Each of you will have a role in this crime. Follow
the steps of a criminal proceedings. Work together to write. Create
a story to explain what is happening in the painting, what has happened
before.
Write a police report and create a 90-word dialogue of the trial retelling
the story of what happened and give a judgement. Be prepared

to present your case in front of the class.
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32

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English

Tenth Grade EGB

According to the European Union

Retrieved from: https://www.coe.int/en/web/compass/culture-and-sport

Are you surprised with the European Union’s statistics? Why?

What percentage of young people practice sports in your city?

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Does Ecuador have any Olympic champions? In what events?

History of the Olympics

The Olympic Games were started in ancient Greece 3,000 years

1. What other sports championship or tournament can you name?

2. What is your favorite sport? Why do you like it?

3. Are there any sports you dislike? Explain.

4. Which sport is the easiest to practice in your city?

Vocabulary Archery - Fencing - Badminton - Voleyball - Lacrosse -

A.D. abbreviation for

referring to a year after

split. divided into two or more

American Football and Rugby

Venn diagrams are a good way

Pixabay / David Mark

between items and their elements

pads. pieces of foam and

where the games are played.

helmet. a strong, hard hat that

covers and protects the head

The History of Soccer Uniforms

1. How have soccer uniforms changed throughout history?

shin guards. a piece of rubber

scarf. a strip, square, or triangle

cleats. a special type of shoe

There are many beautiful sports. One of them is synchronized

Well, that’s because they have a portable underwater speaker.

Answer these questions based on what you read.

1. Describe synchronized swimming in your own words.

3. Do you think that it should be considered a sport? Explain

train. to prepare and practice

plug. a small piece of rubber,

a hole in order to close it

Communication and Cultural Awareness

• Don’t start yet! You need to warm up sprain.

• Daniel Cormier never gives up

1 Try out for to exercise in order to improve

to prepare yourself for a

to exercise in order to lose the

phrase. a group of words

Amusement Parks Around the World

1. Which of the parks written about would you like to visit?

2. Is there any big amusement park in your country? What is it called?

roller coasters. a ride at

BASE jump. parachuting

Position on Name of the roller

What amusement parks have you visited?

The History of Bakken Amusement Park

When we think of amusement parks, usually very modern places

in 1932. This park is the second most important tourist attraction

2. Do you know of other amusement parks with an interesting history?

wooden. made of wood